for final exam on

Tuesday 7 May, 1995, 7.30-9.00 a.m.
 
 

The following list of words does not cover everything discussed in class but most of the important aspects and therefore is intended to be used only as a study guide.
 
 

The exam may consist of multiple choice questions, one-to two-sentence definitions, graphic interpretations, cross-sections, and slide interpretations. To the exam please bring: a calculator, a pencil, an eraser, and a protractor and sheets of paper on which to write the answers to the questions on your exam
 
 

Read all relevant porions of book chapters

KEY CONCEPTS
 
 

PLATE TECTONICS

 lithosphere asthenosphere continental crust

 oceanic crust mantle Moho

tenets of plate tectonics Names of major plates and their location

 volcanism slab/trench pull convection

 ridge push earthquakes

 slab pull mountain chains and plate boundaries Wilson cycle

cross-section through a divergent and a collisional plate boundary

cross-section through the crust, mantle and core (composition and thicknesses)

cross-section through the lithosphere asthenosphere and mesosphere
 
 

divergent plate boundaries rift valley

collisional plate boundaries accretionary prism

transform plate boundaries
 
 

FAULTS

fault breccias mylonite fault zone

dip slip faults: normal slip low-angle normal slip

 thrust slip reverse slip

strike slip faults: left-handed right-handed

oblique-slip faults: left-handed reverse normal left-slip

 hanging wall footwall be prepared to sketch fault types

 slip vs. throw vs. separation chatter marks striae

 net slip dip slip strike slip

rake
 
 

PRIMARY STRUCTURE
 
 

trough cross-bedding

FAULTS

Andersonian faulting Mohr-Coulomb fracture diagram critical shear stress (sS)

 cohesive strength (s0) coefficient of internal friction tan f normal stress (sN)

 fault separation normal faults reverse faults

 thrust faults principal stresses orientation in faults

klippe (klippen pl.)

FOLDS
 
 

anticline antiform syncline

 synform overturned fold fold limb

 inflection point axial surface interlimb angle

 crest crest line hinge

hinge line hinge zone recumbent fold

inclined fold overturned fold disharmonic fold

dip isogon parallel/concentric/Class 1B/cylindrical fold

 Class 3 fold/similar fold competency

fold classification: tightness, (gentle, open, tight, isoclinal) size, symmetry, layer thickness

ptygmatic folds synclinorium anticlinorium

flexural-slip folding flexural-flow folding similar folding

 location of joints, faults within a fold p-diagram and b-diagram
 
 

FOLIATION, CLEAVAGE, LINEATION
 
 

Foliation Axial surface cleavage lineation

intersection lineation boudins linear structural elements

 crenulation cleavage projection of cleavage foliation and lineation on a stereonet
 
 

JOINTS

veins plumose tructures sigmoidal tension gashes

joints and relation to principal stress

KINEMATIC ANALYSIS

 strain

 homogeneous deformation linear strain stretch factor (S)

 extension (e) %lengthening (calculating linear strain)

 angular shear stress ellipse rotational strain

 non-rotational strain

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

 simple shear model for rifting

 pure shear model of rifting 7 controls of deformation and examples

 lithostatic stress lithostatic stress calculation Young's modulus

 elasticity plasticity yield strength

 rupture strength ultimate strength deformation apparatus

 efects of temperature, strain rate, confining pressure on mechanical behavior