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Crystal Chemistry
Analytical techniques
Classification of tourmaline
Major element chemistry
Trace element chemistry
Sector zoning

Crystallography

Experimental data
Stability relations
Synthesis

Fault zones and kinematics

Fibrous tourmaline
Crystal chemistry
Morphology

Fluid/mineral inclusions

Gemstones

Health effects

Igneous rocks
Anorthosites
Granitoids
     Tourmaline granitoids
     Granitoid pegmatites
Greisens/Hydrothermal settings
Mafic plutonics
Tektites
Ultramafics/kimberlites
Volcanic rocks

Isotopes
B isotopes
H and O isotopes
Si isotopes
Sr isotopes

Metamorphic rocks
Amphibolites
Blueschists
Calcareous metasediments
Cordierite-orthoamphibole rocks
Eclogites
Felsic Gneisses
Granulites/Charnockites
     Metapelitic paragneiss
     Pegmatites (abyssal class)
Greenstones
Meta-arkoses
Meta-evaporites
Meta-ironstones
Metapelites/metaquartzites
Meta-ultramafics
Migmatites
Quartz veins
Skarns
Whiteschists

Ore deposits
Copper deposits
Massive sulfide deposits
Silver-gold deposits
Tin-tungsten deposits
Uranium deposits

Physical properties
Chatoyance/asterism
Density
Elastic constants
Electrical properties
Fracture
Hardness
Luminescence
Morphology
Surface properties
Thermal properties

Sediments and Sedimentary rocks
Detrital tourmaline
Diagenetic tourmaline
Evaporites
Weathering of tourmaline

Spectroscopy and microscopy
Infrared spectroscopy
Luminescence
Magnetic properties
Mossbauer spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Optical reflectivity
Optical spectroscopy and color
Raman spectroscopy
Synchrotron radiation
Thermoluminescence
TEM

Thermochemical data

Tourmaline breccias

Tourmalinites
Metapelites

Tourmaline gemstones

last update: 04/17/06

Bassett, A. M. (1985) The tourmalines of Nepal. Mineralogical Record. 16, 413-416.

Beesley, C. R. (1975) Dunton mine tourmaline: an analysis. Gems and Gemmology, 15, 19-24.

Dahanayake, K. & Ranasinghe, A. P. (1985) Geology and mineralogy of gemming terrains of Sri Lanka. Geological Society of Finland, Bulletin, 57(1-2), pp. 139-149.

Darby, B. J. (1991) Tourmalines from Western Australia. The Australian Gemmologist. 17. (10). p.405-408.

Dunn, P. J. (1974) Gem spodumene and achroite tourmaline from Afghanistan. Journal of Gemmology, 14, 170-174.

Dunn P. J. (1975) Elbaite from Newry, Maine. Mineralogical Record, 6, 22-25.

Dunn, P. J. (1977) Uvite, a newly classified gem tourmaline. Journal of Gemmology, 15, 300-307. Dunn, P. J. (1978) Blue-green gem dravite. Journal of Gemmology, 15, 92-93.

Dunn, P. J., Nelen, J. E. and Appleman, D. E. (1978) Liddicoatite, a new gem tourmaline species from Madagascar. Journal of Gemmology, 16, 172-176.

Fisher, J., E. E. Foord, and G. A. Bricker, 1998. The geology, mineralogy, and history of the Himalaya mine, Mesa Grande, San Diego County, California. Rocks & Minerals 73(3):156-180.

Fisher, J.E., 2000. Les Pegmatites Gemmiferes du sud de la Californie. Le Regne Mineral, 31, 9-36. (in French)

Fisher, J., 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California.  Mineralogical Record 33(5):363-407.

Fritsch, E., Shigley, J. E., Rossman, G. R., Mercer, M. E., Muhlmeister, S. M. and Moon, M. (1990) Gem-quality cuprian elbaite tourmalines from Sao Jose de Batalba, Paraiba, Brazil. Gems and Gemology, 26,189-205.

Gubelin, E. J. (1976) Helvite and tourmaline accompanied by grunerite in quartz. Journal of Gemmology, 15, 111-113.

Hanni, H. A., Frank, E. and Bosshart, 6. (1981) Golden yellow tourmaline of gem quality from Kenya. Journal of Gemmology, 17, 437-442.

Harvard Magazine article of "Down East Dazzlers – What Elijah, Ezekiel and Augustus found" circa 2001.

Jackson, B. (1982) An occurrence of gem quality elbaite from Glenbuchat, Aberbeenshire, Scotland. Journal of Gemmology, 18, 121-125.

Jones, B. (1994) Minerals down under. Rock and Gem. 24.50-54, 56.

Kanis, J. and Harding, R. R. (1990) Gemstone prospects in central Nigeria. Journal of Gemmology and Proceedings of the Gemmological Association of Great Britain. 22. (4). p.195-202.

Keeling, J. L. and Townsend, I. J. (1988) Gem tourmaline on Kangaroo Island. The Australian Gemmologist. 16. (12). p.455-458.

Klaus, D. (1994) Testa Nera; the mourning tourmaline of Elba. Lapis, 19, 54-55.

Koivula, J. I. (1982) Tourmaline as an inclusion in Zambian emeralds. Gems & Gemology, 18, 225-227.

Koivula, J. I. and Kammerling, R. C. (1989) Gems news: Paraiba tourmaline update. Gems and Gemology, 25-4, 248.

Li X, Li Z, Ying Y, Zhou Y (1983) The tourmalines from granite and associated rocks in South Tibet. Sci Geol Sinica, pp.71-77.

Linangzu, Z. (1996) Gemmological characteristics of tourmalines. Journal of Guilin Institute of Technology. 16, 291-297.

Liu, G. and Lu, H. (1986) Fluid inclusion study of gem tourmaline from Xinjiang, China. Geochemistry [Beijing, China]. 5, 234-240.

MacFall, R. P. (1997) The story behind the story of the Great Tourmaline Discovery. Lapidary Journal, 52-57. Monaco, J. and Monaco, J. (1994) Inside a New Hampshire mica mine. Rocks and Gems, 24, 44-45.

Patterson, J. E. and Cook, F. A. (2002) Successful application of ground-penetrating radar in the exploration of gem tourmaline pegmatites of southern California. Geophysical Prospecting, 50, 107-117.

Perham, J. C. (1987) Some notable Maine gemstones. Rocks and Minerals, 62, 420-427.

Schaub, B. M. (1987) The fascinating story of Mount Mica's largest and most remarkable tourmaline crystal. Rocks and Minerals, 62, 447-451.

Simmons, W. B., Webber, K. L., Falster, A. U. and Nizamoff, J. W. (2001) Gem tourmaline chemistry and paragenesis. Australian Gemmologist, 21, 24-29.

Sinkankas, J. (1959) Gemstones of North America (vol.1), Van Nostrand, New York.

Sinkankas, J. (1971) Tourmaline: the electric gem of many colors and curious properties. Rock & Gem, 1(2), 38-45.

Sinkankas, J. (1976) Gemstones of North America (vol.11), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

Sutherland, Wayne M. (1990) Gemstones, lapidary materials, and geologic collectibles in Wyoming. Open File Report Geological Survey of Wyoming. 53 p.

Sztrokay, K. (1944) Improvement of the color of gemstones. Termeszettudomany Kozlony, 73,455-459.

Thomas, A. E. (1982) Zambian tourmaline. Journal of Gemmology, 18,4-6.

Voynick, 5. (1989) Field trip; Newry and Black Mountain tourmalines. Rock and Gem, 19, 52-55.

Voynick, Steve (1991) Field trip; turnpike tourmaline. Rock and Gem. 21. (6). p.40-44

Voynick, Steve (1994) Field trip; rockhounding in Maine. Rock and Gem. 24.58-59,64, 78-8l.

Weerth, A. (1988) Edelsteinvorkommen im Schatten der Achttausender. Lapis, 13, 11-28.

Wilson, W. E. (2002) Cuprian elbaite from the Batalha mine, Paraiba, Brazil. Mineralogical Record, 33, 127-138.

Zwaan, P. C. (1974) Garnet, corundum, and other gem minerals from Umba, Tanzania. Scripta Geologica, no.20. pp.1-41.

Darrell Henry is the Campanile Charities Professor of Geology and Geophysics at Louisiana State University whose research specialty is metamorphic petrology. Further details of his professional background are included in an accompanying vita or faculty profile.

To contact Darrell Henry call (225)-578-2693, fax (225)-578-2302 or e-mail dhenry@geol.lsu.edu . Address: Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803.

This page was last updated on 04/17/06.

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