1. The scientific method

The goal - to explain how a natural phenomena works

Hypothesis (or multiple working hypotheses)

Theory

Scientific model

2. Discovery of a layered Earth - an illustration of the scientific method

Key observations

Density

Seismic wave behavior

Layers

Crust (continental and oceanic)

Mantle

Outer Core

Inner Core

3. The Earth System

Geosystems

Climate System

Plate Tectonic System

Geodynamo System

4. The geologic record

Principle of Uniformitarianism

Geo-clues

Rapid vs. slow geologic processes

5. Geologic Time

Difficult to perceive

Evolution of the planet and life