FN ISI Export Format VR 1.0 PT J AU Jones, OAH Voulvoulis, N Lester, JN TI Human pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment processes SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE fate; pharmaceuticals; pollution; sewage treatment plants; wastewater ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; FLUOROQUINOLONE ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; RAY CONTRAST-MEDIA; IN-GROUND WATER; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; DRINKING-WATER; MUNICIPAL SEWAGE; STEROID ESTROGENS AB The presence of human pharmaceutical compounds in surface waters is an emerging issue in environmental science. In this study the occurrence and behavior of human pharmaceuticals in a variety of wastewater treatment processes is reviewed. Although some groups are not affected by sewage treatment processes others are amenable to degradation, albeit incomplete. While water purification techniques such as granular activated carbon could potentially remove these pollutants from wastewater streams, the high cost involved suggests that more attention should be given to the potential for the optimization of current treatment processes, and reduction at source in order to reduce environmental contamination. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Life Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Lester, JN, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Life Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, London SW7 2BP, England. 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1999, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S6, V107, P907 DAUGHTON CG, 2002, LANCET, V360, P1035 DAUGHTON CG, 2003, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V111, P757 DERKSEN JGM, 2004, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V49, P213 DEWIT CA, 2002, CHEMOSPHERE, V46, P583 DOLL TE, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V52, P1757 DOLLERY C, 1999, THERAPUTIC DRUGS DREWES JE, 2002, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V46, P73 DUARTEDAVIDSON R, 1996, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V185, P59 ECKEL WP, 1993, GROUND WATER, V31, P801 FARRE M, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V938, P187 FERRER I, 2003, TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM, V22, P750 FISHER PMJ, 2003, J CLEAN PROD, V11, P315 GARRISON AW, 1976, IDENTIFICATION ANAL, P517 GATERELL MR, 2000, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V249, P25 GOLET EM, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P3645 GOLET EM, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P3243 GOMES RL, 2002, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS, P177 GONIURRIZA M, 2000, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V66, P125 GRAHAMESMITH DG, 2002, OXFORD TXB CLIN PHAR GUERIN TF, 2001, LETT APPL MICROBIOL, V33, P256 HALLINGSORENSEN B, 1998, CHEMOSPHERE, V36, P357 HAMER G, 1985, SOC APPL BACTERIOLOG, V14, S127 HANSON RS, 1994, BIOL DEGRADATION BIO, P277 HARTMANN A, 1998, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V17, P377 HARTMANN A, 1999, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V36, P115 HEADLEY JV, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3968 HEBERER T, 1997, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V6, P438 HEBERER T, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P175 HEBERER T, 2002, TOXICOL LETT, V131, P5 HEBERER T, 2002, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V46, P81 HENSCHEL KP, 1997, REGUL TOXICOL PHARM, V25, P220 HIGNITE C, 1977, LIFE SCI, V20, P337 HILTON MJ, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V1015, P129 HIRSCH R, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P109 HOLM JV, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P1415 HORAN NJ, 1997, BIOL WASTEWATER TREA HUA JM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P4395 JOBLING S, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P2498 JONES OAH, 2001, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V22, P1383 JONES OAH, 2002, WATER RES, V36, P5013 JONES OAH, 2003, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V81, P768 JONES OAH, 2003, CHROMATOGRAPHIA, V58, P471 JORGENSEN SE, 2000, CHEMOSPHERE, V40, P691 JUX U, 2002, INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL, V205, P393 KALSCH W, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P143 KANDA R, 2003, J ENVIRON MONITOR, V5, P823 KHAN SJ, 2002, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V46, P105 KHAN SJ, 2004, CHEMOSPHERE, V54, P355 KOLPIN DW, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1202 KOUTSOUBA V, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V51, P69 KREUZINGER N, 2004, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V50, P221 KROGMANN U, 1999, WATER ENVIRON RES, V71, P692 KUMMERER K, 1997, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V25, P166 KUMMERER K, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P2705 KUMMERER K, 2000, CHEMOSPHERE, V40, P701 KUMMERER K, 2001, PHARM ENV SOURCES FA LAI KM, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3890 LAI KM, 2002, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V68, P859 LAI KM, 2002, CRIT REV TOXICOL, V32, P113 LAI KM, 2002, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V289, P159 LANGFORD K, 2002, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS, P103 LATCH DE, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P3342 LEE RB, 2003, WATER QUAL RES J CAN, V38, P667 LESTER JN, 1999, MICROBIOLOGY CHEM EN LIN J, 2004, WATER SA, V30, P23 LINDSEY ME, 2001, ANAL CHEM, V73, P4640 LINDSTROM A, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P2322 MEAKINS NC, 1994, INT J ENVIRON POLLUT, V4, P27 METCALFE CD, 2003, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V22, P2872 OLLERS S, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V911, P225 PECK M, 2004, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V23, P945 PETROVIC M, 2003, TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM, V22, P685 POIGER T, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P256 RANG HP, 1999, PHARMACOLOGY REDDERSEN K, 2002, CHEMOSPHERE, V49, P539 REINTHALER FF, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1685 ROGERS HR, 1996, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V185, P3 ROSSIN AC, 1982, ENVIRON POLLUT A, V29, P271 SACHER F, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V938, P199 SCHWARTZ T, 2002, FEMS MICRO ECOL, V1470, P1 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 2003, ENV ORGANIC CHEM SCRIMSHAW MD, 2002, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS, P145 SEDLAK DL, 2003, CHIMIA, V57, P567 SEILER RL, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P405 SINGER H, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P4998 SOULET B, 2002, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V82, P659 STEGERHARTMANN T, 1997, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V36, P174 STEGERHARTMANN T, 2002, WATER RES, V36, P266 STOVELAND S, 1980, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V16, P37 STUERLAURIDSEN F, 2000, CHEMOSPHERE, V40, P783 STUMPF M, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P135 TERNES T, 2000, PHARM METABOLITES CO, V219 TERNES TA, WATER RES, V37, P4075 TERNES TA, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P3245 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P81 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P91 TERNES TA, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P2741 TERNES TA, 2001, TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM, V20, P419 TERNES TA, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P3855 TERNES TA, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1976 THOMA K, 1997, PHARMAZIE, V52, P362 TIXIER C, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1061 TOLLS J, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3397 VELAGALETI R, 1997, DRUG INF J, V31, P715 VELAGALETI R, 2001, PHARM PERSONAL CARE, P333 WILLIAMS RJ, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1744 ZUCCATO E, 2000, LANCET, V355, P1789 ZWIENER C, 2000, HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM, V23, P474 ZWIENER C, 2003, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V309, P201 NR 133 TC 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 401 EP 427 PG 27 SC Environmental Sciences GA 945FI UT ISI:000230488000003 ER PT J AU Weiss, WJ Bouwer, EJ Aboytes, R LeChevallier, MW O'Melia, CR Le, BT Schwab, KJ TI River filtration for control of microorganisms results from field monitoring SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE riverbank; filtration; microorganisms; Cryptosporidium; Giardia; surrogates; wells; pumping; drinking water ID BANK FILTRATION; PLANT PERFORMANCE; WATER; RBF; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; PATHOGENS; GIARDIA AB Microbial monitoring was conducted over a period of more than I year at three full-scale riverbank filtration (RBF) facilities, located in the United States along the Ohio, Missouri, and Wabash Rivers. Results of this study demonstrated the potential for RBF to provide substantial reductions in microorganism concentrations relative to the raw water sources. Cryptosporidium and Giardia were detected occasionally in the river waters but never in any of the well waters. Average concentrations and log reductions of Cryptosporidium and Giardia could not be accurately determined due to the low and variable concentrations in the river waters and the lack of detectible concentrations in the well waters. Average concentrations of aerobic and anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, which have both been proposed as potential surrogates for the protozoans, were reduced at the three facilities by 0.8 to > 3.1 logs and 0.4 to > 4.9 logs, respectively. Average concentrations of male-specific and somatic bacteriophage were reduced by > 2.1 logs and >= 3.2 logs, respectively. Total coliforms were rarely detected in the well waters, with 5.5 and 6.1 log reductions in average concentrations at the two wells at one of the sites relative to the river water. Average turbidity reductions upon RBF at the three sites were between 2.2 and 3.3 logs. Turbidity and microbial concentrations in the river waters generally tracked the river discharge; a similar relationship between the well water concentrations and river discharge was not observed, due to the low, relatively constant well water turbidities and lack of a significant number of detections of microorganisms in the well waters. Further research is needed to better understand the relationships among transport of pathogens (e.g., Cryptosporidium, Giardia, viruses) and potential surrogate parameters (including bacterial spores and bacteriophage) during RBF and the effects of water and sediment characteristics on removal efficiency. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Amer Water, Belleville Lab, Belleville, IL 62220 USA. Amer Water, Voorhees, NJ 08043 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Bouwer, EJ, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM bouwer@jhu.edu CR *APHA AWWA WEF, 1998, STAND METH EX WAT WA *USEPA, 1996, EPA600R95178 *USEPA, 2001, EPA821R01025 *USEPA, 2001, EPA821R01029 *USEPA, 2003, FED REG, V68 ATHERHOLT TB, 1998, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V90, P66 AZADPOURKEELEY A, 2003, EPA540S03500 BERGER P, 2001, RIVERBANK FILTRATION GOLLNITZ WD, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P56 HISCOCK KM, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P139 IRMSCHER R, 2002, WA SCI TECHNOL, V2, P1 KUEHN W, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P60 LECHEVALLIER MW, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P2617 NIEMINSKI EC, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P67 PARKHURST DF, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3424 RAY C, 2002, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V94, P149 RAY C, 2002, RIVERBANK FILTRATION RAY C, 2004, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V96, P114 RICE EW, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P122 SCHIJVEN JF, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P2186 SOBSEY MD, 1995, MALE SPECIFIC COLIPH SOLOGABRIELE H, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P76 TUFENKJI N, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, A422 VERSTRAETEN IM, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P190 WEISS WJ, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P67 WEISS WJ, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P68 NR 26 TC 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1990 EP 2001 PG 12 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 941VB UT ISI:000230241200007 ER PT J AU Reszat, TN Hendry, MJ TI Characterizing dissolved organic carbon using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation with on-line UV and DOC detection SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CLAY-RICH AQUITARD; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACIDS; PORE WATERS; MATTER; OPTIMIZATION; COLLOIDS; AQUIFER AB A method of characterizing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation with on-line UV and DOC detection is described and applied to standards and natural water samples. Poly(styrenesulfonate) polymer standards, Suwannee River humic standards, and naturally occurring surface water and groundwater DOC were analyzed using this coupled detection technique. Molecular weight determinations in the samples and standards were 6-30% lower with DOC analysis than UV analysis. This difference was attributed to the insensitivity of the latter technique to nonaromatic carbon and suggests the molecular weight determined with the DOC detector is a more accurate representation of the actual molecular weight of the DOC. A normalized intensity comparison (NIC) method was proposed to distinguish differences in the relative amounts of aromatic and aliphatic carbon in DOC by comparing the two detector responses. The NIC method was applied to yield an average aromatic content of the bulk DOC and to detail the aromatic content over a range of molecular weights in a single DOC fraction. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. RP Reszat, TN, Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. EM thr690@mail.usask.ca CR AIKEN GR, 1987, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V51, P2177 ARAVENA R, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P2307 ASSEMI S, 2004, WATER RES, V38, P1467 BECKETT R, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P289 BENEDETTI M, 2002, ORG GEOCHEM, V33, P269 CHEN Y, 1977, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V41, P352 CHIN YP, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1853 CHIOU CT, 1986, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V20, P502 CRUM RH, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P1304 DYCUS PJM, 1995, SEPAR SCI TECHNOL, V30, P1435 GECKEIS H, 2003, COLLOID SURFACE A, V217, P101 HARVEY GR, 1983, MAR CHEM, V12, P119 HASSELLOV M, 1999, ANAL CHEM, V71, P3497 HENDRY MJ, UNPUB J CONTAM HYDRO HENDRY MJ, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V35, P1751 HENDRY MJ, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P503 HENDRY MJ, 2003, WATER RESOUR RES, V39 HER N, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1069 HER N, 2002, J ENV SCI TECHNOL, V36, P3393 HUBER SA, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1194 JANOS P, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V393, P1 KIM JI, 1990, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, P338 KONONOVA MM, 1966, SOIL ORGANIC MATTER LAWRENCE JR, 2000, MICROBIAL ECOL, V40, P273 LYVEN B, 2003, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V67, P3791 MALCOLM RL, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI, P181 MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P667 MEANS JL, 1987, TECHNOLOGY HIGH LEVE, P215 PERMINOVA IV, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P2477 RANVILLE JF, 1997, GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSE SCHIMPF ME, 1997, J MICROCOLUMN SEP, V9, P535 SCOTT DT, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P2984 SHAW J, 1998, CAN GEOTECH J, V35, P1041 SILVERSTEIN RM, 1991, SPECTROMETRIC IDENTI STEVENSON FJ, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI, P13 TAN KH, 2003, HUMIN MATTER SOIL EN THANG NM, 2001, COLLOID SURFACE A, V181, P289 THURMAN EM, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI, P87 THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY WAHLUND KG, 2000, FIELD FLOW FRACTIONA, P279 WEISHAAR JL, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P4702 NR 41 TC 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 13 BP 4194 EP 4200 PG 7 SC Chemistry, Analytical GA 942GL UT ISI:000230270800057 ER PT J AU Gooseff, MN LaNier, J Haggerty, R Kokkeler, K TI Determining in-channel (dead zone) transient storage by comparing solute transport in a bedrock channel-alluvial channel sequence, Oregon SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION; LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; MOUNTAIN STREAM; HYPORHEIC ZONES; EXCHANGE; RIVER; MODEL; FLOW AB [ 1] Current stream tracer techniques do not allow separation of in-channel dead zone ( e. g., eddies) and out-of-channel ( hyporheic) transient storage, yet this separation is important to understanding stream biogeochemical processes. We characterize in-channel transient storage with a rhodamine WT solute tracer experiment in a 304 m cascade-pool-type bedrock reach with no hyporheic zone. We compare the solute breakthrough curve ( BTC) from this reach to that of an adjacent 367 m alluvial reach with significant hyporheic exchange. In the bedrock reach, transient storage has an exponential residence time distribution with a mean residence time of 3.0 hours and a ratio of transient storage to stream volume of 0.14, demonstrating that at moderate discharge, bedrock in-channel storage zones provide a small volume of transient storage with substantial residence time. In the alluvial reach, though pools are similar in size to those in the bedrock reach, transient storage has a power law residence time distribution with a mean residence time of > 100 hours ( estimated at nearly 1200 hours) and a ratio of storage to stream volume of 105. Because the in-channel hydraulics of bedrock reaches are simpler than alluvial step-pool reaches, the bedrock results are probably a lower end-member with respect to volume and residence time, though they demonstrate that in-channel storage may be appreciable in some reaches. These results suggest that in-stream dead zone transient storage may be accurately simulated by exponential RTDs but that hyporheic exchange is better simulated with a power law RTD as a consequence of more complicated flow path and exchange dynamics. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gooseff, MN, Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. 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Res. PD JUN 21 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 AR W06014 PG 8 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 940UV UT ISI:000230172200002 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD Ternes, TA TI Water analysis: Emerging contaminants and current issues SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; TERT-BUTYL ETHER; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; CYANOBACTERIAL PEPTIDE HEPATOTOXINS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Fed Inst Hydrol, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany. RP Richardson, SD, US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. 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Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 12 BP 3807 EP 3838 PG 32 SC Chemistry, Analytical GA 938HV UT ISI:000229991400006 ER PT J AU Baus, C Hung, H Sacher, F Fleig, M Brauch, HJ TI MTBE in drinking water production - Occurrence and efficiency of treatment technologies SO ACTA HYDROCHIMICA ET HYDROBIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE aeration; GAC adsorption; ozonation; AOP; riverbank filtration ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BUTYL ETHER MTBE; OZONE/HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; CARBON ADSORPTION; OZONE; GROUNDWATER; OZONATION; OXIDATION; REMOVAL; GERMANY AB In Germany, the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is almost constantly detected in measurable concentrations in surface waters and is not significantly removed during riverbank filtration. The removal of MTBE from water has been the focus of many studies that mostly were performed at high concentration levels and centred in understanding the mechanisms of elimination. In order to assess the performance of conventional and advanced water treatment technologies for MTBE removal in the low concentration range further studies were undertaken. Laboratory experiments included aeration, granulated activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, ozonation and advanced oxidation processes (AOP). The results show that the removal of MTBE by conventional technologies is not easily achieved. MTBE is only removed by aeration at high expense. Ozonation at neutral pH values did not prove to be effective in eliminating MTBE at all. The use of ozone/H2O2 (AOP) may lead to a partly elimination of MTBE. However, the ozone/H2O2 concentrations required for a complete removal of MTBE from natural waters is much higher than the ozone levels applied nowadays in waterworks. MTBE is only poorly adsorbed on activated carbon, thus GAC filtration is not efficient in eliminating MTBE. A comparison with real-life data from German waterworks reveals that if MTBE is detected in the raw water it is most often found in the corresponding drinking water as well due to the poor removal efficiency of conventional treatment steps. C1 DVGW Technol Zentrum Wasser, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Tainan, Taiwan. RP Baus, C, DVGW Technol Zentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Str 84, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany. 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Hydrobiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 118 EP 132 PG 15 SC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 937KG UT ISI:000229922400003 ER PT J AU Mermillod-Blondin, F Mauclaire, L Montuelle, B TI Use of slow filtration columns to assess oxygen respiration, consumption of dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen transformations. and microbial parameters in hyporheic sediments SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hyporheic sediments; microbial activities; biogeochemical processes; slow filtration columns; respirations ID BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; NITRATE AMMONIFICATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; RIVER SEDIMENTS; MOUNTAIN STREAM; ZONE; MATTER; WATER; GROUNDWATER; DYNAMICS AB Biogeochemical processes mediated by microorganisms in river sediments (hyporheic sediments) play a key role in river metabolism. Because biogeochemical reactions in the hyporheic zone are often limited to the top few decimetres of sediments below the water-sediment interface, slow filtration columns were used in the present study to quantify biogeochemical processes (uptakes of O-2, DOC, and nitrate) and the associated microbial compartment (biomass, respiratory activity, and hydrolytic activity) at a centimetre scale in heterogeneous (gravel and sand) sediments. The results indicated that slow filtration columns recreated properly the aerobic-anaerobic gradient classically observed in the hyporheic zone. O-2 and NO3- consumptions (256 +/- 13 mu g of O-2 per hour and 14.6 +/- 6.1 mu g of N-NO3- per hour) measured in columns were in the range of values measured in different river sediments. Slow filtration columns also reproduced the high heterogeneity of the hyporheic zone with the presence of anaerobic pockets in sediments where denitrification and fermentation processes occurred. The respiratory and hydrolytic activities of bacteria were strongly linked with the O-2 consumption in the experimental system, highlighting the dominance of aerobic processes in our river sediments. In comparison with these activities, the bacterial biomass (protein content) integrated both aerobic and anaerobic processes and could be used as a global microbial indicator in our system. Finally, slow filtration columns are an appropriate tool to quantify in situ rates of biogeochemical processes and to determine the relationship between the microbial compartment and the physico-chemical environment in coarse river sediments. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. CEMAGREF, Equipe Ecol Microbienne Hydrosyst Anthropises, Unite Rech Qual Eaux & Prevent Pollut, F-69336 Lyon, France. RP Mermillod-Blondin, F, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. 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PD MAY PY 2005 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1687 EP 1698 PG 12 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 933ZB UT ISI:000229670400002 ER PT J AU Sachse, A Henrion, R Gelbrecht, J Steinberg, CEW TI Classification of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in river systems: Influence of catchment characteristics and autochthonous processes SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACIDS; AMAZON RIVER; AMINO-ACIDS; MATTER; STREAM; NUTRIENT; SOIL; DYNAMICS AB Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in surface waters is influenced by natural and anthropogenic allochthonous sources in the catchment and by autochthonous production and degradation processes. An objective differentiation procedure, a principal component analysis, has been used to answer the question: Is it possible to classify different water types using only DOC-patterns, and how do seasonal variations influence such a classification? Organic compounds from various sources and river systems were analyzed by means of automated size-exclusion chromatography. Four different DOC fractions (humic substances, polysaccharides, low molecular weight acids and low weight substances) were separated on the basis of their molecular weight characteristics and quantified on the basis of their UV absorbance. Significant differences in the quality and quantity of organic compounds were found. These were related to the character of the catchment area and to autochthonous processes. It was possible to classify peat-influenced ditch waters, peat-influenced surface waters, mineral soil-influenced and anthropogenically-influenced surface waters, and waters from small and large lake-river systems. The characterization of DOC patterns combined with principal component analysis is a powerful tool for analyzing allochthonous and autochthonous DOC sources in surface waters, especially if seasonal variations are taken into account. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Chem Lab, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. Karl Weierstrass Inst Math, D-1086 Berlin, Germany. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. RP Sachse, A, Holstein Str 46, D-12161 Berlin, Germany. 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Geochem. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 6 BP 923 EP 935 PG 13 SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 933WB UT ISI:000229662500008 ER PT J AU Verstraeten, IM Fetterman, GS Meyer, MT Bullen, T Sebree, SK TI Use of tracers and isotopes to evaluate vulnerability of water in domestic wells to septic waste SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID NITRATE CONTAMINATION SOURCES; GROUND-WATER; COLIFORM BACTERIA; TRACING SOURCES; BORON ISOTOPES; CHEMICAL FATE; SYSTEM PLUME; PHARMACEUTICALS; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN AB In Nebraska, a large number (> 200) of shallow sand-point and cased wells completed in coarse alluvial sediments along rivers and lakes still are used to obtain drinking water for human consumption, even though construction of sand-point wells for consumptive uses has been banned since 1987. The quality of water from shallow domestic wells potentially vulnerable to seepage from septic systems was evaluated by analyzing for the presence of tracers and multiple isotopes. Samples were collected from 26 sand-point and perforated, cased domestic wells and were analyzed for bacteria, coliphages, nitrogen species, nitrogen and boron isotopes, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), prescription and nonprescription drugs, or organic waste water contaminants. At least 13 of the 26 domestic well samples showed some evidence of septic system effects based on the results of several tracers including DOC, coliphages, NH4+, NO3-, N-2, delta(15)N[NO3-] and boron isotopes, and antibiotics and other drugs. Sand-point wells within 30 in of a septic system and < 14 in deep in a shallow, thin aquifer had the most tracers detected and the highest values, indicating the greatest vulnerability to contamination from septic waste. C1 US Geol Survey, Int Water Res Branch, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Verstraeten, IM, US Geol Survey, Int Water Res Branch, MS 420 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM imverstr@usgs.gov two4cy@aol.com mmeyer@usgs.gov tdbullen@usgs.gov sksebree@usgs.gov CR *BUR BUS RES, 1999, NEBR POP PROJ 1990 2 *BURNS MCD INC, 1999, WAT QUAL INV LOW PLA *LESL ASS INC, 1998, 6168 LESL ASS INC *MONT HEADW INC, 1998, SAMPL COLL AN RES DO *MONT HEADW INC, 1999, SAMPL COLL AN RES DO *NEBR DEP ENV CONT, 1977, RUL REG DES OP MAINT, P1 *US EPA, 2000, CURR DRINK WAT STAND *US EPA, 2001, 821R01030 US EPA ARAVENA R, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P975 BARRETT MH, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P3083 BARTH S, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P685 BOHLKE JK, 1995, REFERENCE INTERCOMPA, P51 BOHLKE JK, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P2319 BRENNER KP, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P3534 CLESCERI LS, 1998, STANDARD METHODS EXA, V9 CURRY DS, 1999, FINAL REPORT SEPTIC DEBORDE DC, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P3781 DREWES JE, 2003, GROUND WATER MONIT R, V23, P64 FISHMAN MJ, 1989, METHODS DETERMINATIO, CHA1 FOGG GE, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P418 FORD M, 1994, J HYDROL, V156, P101 FRANCY DS, 2000, WATER ENVIRON RES, V72, P152 GERBA CP, 1984, GROUNDWATER POLLUTIO, P65 GOSSELIN DC, 1997, GROUND WATER MONIT R, V17, P77 GRISCHEK T, 1994, 2 INT C GROUND WAT E, P309 HARMAN J, 1996, GROUND WATER, V34, P1105 HEBERER T, 2004, GROUND WATER MON SPR KOLPIN DW, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1202 KOMOROWSKI RA, 1993, GASTROINTEST ENDOSC, V3, P1 LEENHOUTS JM, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P240 LOWE M, 1999, MASS BALANCE APPROAC MCAVOY DC, 1994, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V13, P213 MOORE AC, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P87 NIZEYIMANA E, 1996, J ENVIRON QUAL, V25, P346 ROBERTSON WD, 1991, GROUND WATER, V29, P82 ROBERTSON WD, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P275 ROEFER P, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P52 SCANDURA JE, 1997, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V35, P141 SEILER RL, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P405 SHADFORD CB, 1997, J CONTAM HYDROL, V28, P227 SHORE LS, 1993, B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX, V51, P361 TUTHILL A, 1998, J ENVIRON HEALTH, V60, P16 VENGOSH A, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1968 VERSTRAETEN IM, 1998, 98396 USGS VERSTRAETEN IM, 1999, J ENVIRON QUAL, V28, P1387 VERSTRAETEN IM, 1999, J ENVIRON QUAL, V28, P1396 VERSTRAETEN IM, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P190 VERSTRAETEN IM, 2002, RIVERBANK FILTRATION, P175 VERSTRAETEN IM, 2003, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING, V7, P253 WHITEHEAD JH, 2000, AUST J EARTH SCI, V47, P75 WILHELM SR, 1994, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V13, P193 WILHELM SR, 1994, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V13, P193 WILHELM SR, 1996, GROUND WATER, V34, P853 ZAUGG SD, 2002, 014186 US GEOL SURV NR 54 TC 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT REMEDIAT JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 107 EP 117 PG 11 SC Water Resources GA 933XD UT ISI:000229665300009 ER PT J AU Volk, C Kaplan, LA Robinson, J Johnson, B Wood, L Zhu, HW Lechevallier, M TI Fluctuations of dissolved organic matter in river used for drinking water and impacts on conventional treatment plant performance SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CARBON; CATCHMENT; REMOVAL; UPLAND; STREAMWATER; EXPORT; NOM; DOC AB Natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water supplies can provide precursors for disinfectant byproducts, molecules that impact taste and odors, compounds that influence the efficacy of treatment, and other compounds that are a source of energy and carbon for the regrowth of microorganisms during distribution. NOM, measured as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), was monitored daily in the White River and the Indiana-American water treatment plant over 22 months. Other parameters were either measured daily (UV-absorbance, alkalinity, color, temperature) or continuously (turbidity, pH, and discharge) and used with stepwise linear regressions to predict DOC concentrations. The predictive models were validated with monthly samples of the river water and treatment plant effluent taken over a 2-year period after the daily monitoring had ended. Biodegradable DOC (BDOC) concentrations were measured in the river water and plant effluent twice monthly for 18 months. The BDOC measurements, along with measurements of humic and carbohydrate constituents within the DOC and BDOC pools, revealed that carbohydrates were the organic fraction with the highest percent removal during treatment, followed by BDOC, humic substances, and refractory DOC. C1 Indiana Amer Water Co Inc, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. Indiana Amer Water Co Inc, Muncie, IN 47302 USA. Sievers Instruments Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Amer Water Works Serv Co Inc, Voorhees, NJ 08043 USA. RP Volk, C, Indiana Amer Water Co Inc, 1730 Sylvan Nook Dr, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. EM cvolk@amwater.com CR *AM PUBL HLTH ASS, 1998, STAND METH EX WAT WA AIKEN G, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P36 BAKER MA, 2004, FRESHWATER BIOL, V49, P181 BRANDSTETTER A, 1996, Z PFLANZ BODENKUNDE, V159, P605 CHARROIS JWA, 2004, J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A, V67, P1797 CHENG XH, 2001, ANAL CHEM, V73, P458 CLARK MJ, 2004, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V68, P1 COOKE GD, 2001, LAKE RESERV MANAGE, V17, P157 CRAWFORD CG, 2001, J AM WATER RESOUR AS, V37, P1 CROUE JF, 2000, CHARACTERIZATION NAT CROUE JP, 1995, SCI EAU, V8, P463 DAUWE B, 1998, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V43, P782 DEFLANDRE B, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P3057 EDZWALD JK, 1985, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V77, P122 HEDGES JI, 2000, ORG GEOCHEM, V31, P945 HUANG WJ, 2004, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V25, P403 HUCK PM, 1991, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V83, P69 IACANGELO J, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P64 INAMDAR SP, 2004, HYDROL PROCESS, V18, P2651 ITTEKKOT V, 1982, DATA DISSOLVED CARBO JORET JC, 2005, IN PRESS BIODEGRADAB KAPLAN LA, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P2696 KORNEGAY BH, 2000, NATURAL ORGANIC MATT LIND CB, 1995, P ANN AM WAT WORKS A MCKNIGHT D, 1985, ECOLOGY, V66, P1339 MULHOLLAND PJ, 1979, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V24, P960 NIQUETTE P, 1998, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V90, P86 OWEN DM, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P46 PREVOST M, 1991, THESIS ECOLE POLYTEC SERVAIS P, 1992, AQUA, V41, P163 SMIRNOV MP, 1994, GIDROKHIM MAT, V113, P86 SOULSBY C, 1995, J HYDROL, V170, P159 TAO S, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P2205 THOMSON J, 2004, J WATER SUPPLY RES T, V53, P193 THURMAN EM, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P463 THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY TSAI YP, 2004, J BIOTECHNOL, V111, P155 VOLK C, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P3247 VOLK C, 2002, J ENVIRON MONITOR, V4, P43 VOLK CJ, 1997, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V42, P39 WATSON SB, 2004, J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A, V67, P1779 NR 41 TC 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4258 EP 4264 PG 7 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 933VY UT ISI:000229662200058 ER PT J AU Rieckermann, J Borsuk, M Reichert, P Gujer, W TI A novel tracer method for estimating sewer exfiltration SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER QUALITY; TRANSIENT STORAGE; EXCHANGE; UNCERTAINTY; DECISION; MODEL; FLOW AB A novel method is presented to estimate exfiltration from sewer systems using artificial tracers. The method relies upon use of an upstream indicator signal and a downstream reference signal to eliminate the dependence of exfiltration estimates on the accuracy of discharge measurement. An experimental design, a data analysis procedure, and an uncertainty assessment process are described and illustrated by a case study. In a 2-km reach of unknown condition, exfiltration was estimated at 9.9 &PLUSMN; 2.7%. Uncertainty in this estimate was primarily due to the use of sodium chloride ( NaCl) as the tracer substance. NaCl is measured using conductivity, which is present at nonnegligible levels in wastewater, thus confounding accurate identification of tracer peaks. As estimates of exfiltration should have as low a measurement error as possible, future development of the method will concentrate on improved experimental design and tracer selection. Although the method is not intended to replace traditional CCTV inspections, it can provide additional information to urban water managers for rational rehabilitation planning. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Environm Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Rieckermann, J, Swiss Fed Inst Environm Sci & Technol, Ueberlandstr 133, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. EM joerg.rieckermann@eawag.ch CR *R DEV COR TEAM, 2003, R LANG ENV STAT COMP ABDELLATIF M, 1995, SEW FUT WAT ENV FED ALTOMARE A, 1995, J APPL CRYSTALLOGR 6, V28, P738 BATES DM, 1988, NONLINEAR REGRESSION BERAR JF, 1991, J APPL CRYSTALLOGR 1, V24, P1 BERTRANDKRAJEWS.JL, 2000, MESURES HYDROLOGIE U BERTRANDKRAJEWSKI, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V47, P95 BISHOP PK, 1998, J CHART INST WATER E, V12, P216 BRUN R, 2001, WATER RESOUR RES, V37, P1015 DECKER J, 1998, THESIS TU AACHEN AAC DEUTSCH M, 1963, 1691 US GEOL SURV WA DIMARCO VB, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V93, P1 EFRON B, 1993, INTRO BOOTSTRAP EISWIRTH M, 1997, GROUNDWATER URBAN EN, V1, P399 FERNALD AG, 2001, WATER RESOUR RES, V37, P1681 FRITZSCHE M, 1994, 4 INT K LEIT, P57 HARIG F, 1991, THESIS U HANNOVER HA HARVEY JW, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P2441 KARPF C, 2004, INT C URB DRAIN MOD KREITLER CW, 1978, GROUND WATER, V16, P404 NIESEL K, 2003, THESIS U ROSTOCK ROS PIESSENS R, 1983, QUADPACK SUBROUTINE PRATT JW, 1964, J AM STAT ASSOC, V59, P353 RECKHOW KH, 1994, ENVIRON MANAGE, V18, P161 REYNOLDS JH, 2003, J CHART INST WATER E, V17, P34 RUTHERFORD JC, 1994, RIVER MIXING TRAUTH R, 1995, ABWASSERTECH ABFALLT, V4, P55 WEISS G, 2002, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V45, P11 WHITE M, 1997, CONTROL INFILTRATION WORMAN A, 2002, WATER RESOUR RES, V38 ZARAMELLA M, 2003, WATER RESOUR RES, V39 NR 31 TC 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 18 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 AR W05013 PG 11 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 932XU UT ISI:000229588900003 ER PT J AU Rauch, T Drewes, JE TI Quantifying biological organic carbon removal in groundwater recharge systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITY; AQUIFER TREATMENT; ANAEROBIC TREATMENT; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RESPIRATION METHOD; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; BANK FILTRATION; WATER; BACTERIA AB This paper presents a novel approach to study and predict the removal of organic carbon in groundwater recharge systems by combining microbial community description with advanced methods for organic carbon characterization. Soil microbial biomass was characterized using three methods: dehydrogenase activity (general heterotrophic activity), substrate induced respiration (rapid mineralization potential), and phospholipid extraction (total viable biomass). These methods proved to be sensitive, robust, and relatively simple in their application for soils of various groundwater recharge sites. Findings indicated that microbial biomass was positively correlated to the organic carbon removal capacity of different laboratory-scale test systems. Organic carbon seems to be a limiting factor for biomass growth in recharge systems. Organic carbon removal rates are increased by higher initial organic carbon concentrations. The removal of three organic carbon fractions (natural organic matter, effluent organic matter, and glucose and glutamic acid) in soil column studies followed a first-order kinetic with distinctly different rate constants and correlated positively with respective total viable biomass in the column systems. These results supported the assumption that during groundwater recharge organic carbon is preferably removed by biological processes. The transformation of organic carbon fractions during travel through the subsurface became apparent in size-exclusion chromatograms indicating a shift to smaller molecular weight. The presented approach showed promise to reveal new insights into removal mechanisms of organic carbon and to serve as a tool to predict organic carbon removal in groundwater recharge systems to improve design and operation of vadose zone treatment. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rauch, T, Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. 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Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 6 BP 909 EP 923 PG 15 SC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 928IC UT ISI:000229263900011 ER PT J AU Hancock, PJ Boulton, AJ Humphreys, WF TI Aquifers and hyporheic zones: Towards an ecological understanding of groundwater SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID DESERT STREAM ECOSYSTEM; SURFACE-WATER; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; STABLE-ISOTOPE; MOVILE CAVE; AUSTRALIA; BIODIVERSITY; DYNAMICS AB Ecological constraints in subsurface environments relate directly to groundwater flow, hydraulic conductivity, interstitial biogeochemistry, pore size, and hydrological linkages to adjacent aquifers and surface ecosystems. Groundwater ecology has evolved from a science describing the unique subterranean biota to its current form emphasising multidisciplinary studies that integrate hydrogeology and ecology. This multidisciplinary approach seeks to elucidate the function of groundwater ecosystems and their roles in maintaining subterranean and surface water quality. In aquifer-surface water ecotones, geochemical gradients and microbial biofilms mediate transformations of water chemistry. Subsurface fauna (stygofauna) graze biofilms, alter interstitial pore size through their movement, and physically transport material through the groundwater environment. Further, changes in their populations provide signals of declining water quality. Better integrating groundwater ecology, biogeochemistry, and hydrogeology will significantly advance our understanding of subterranean ecosystems, especially in terms of bioremediation of contaminated groundwaters, maintenance or improvement of surface water quality in groundwater-dependent ecosystems, and improved protection of groundwater habitats during the extraction of natural resources. Overall, this will lead to a better understanding of the implications of groundwater hydrology and aquifer geology to distributions of subsurface fauna and microbiota, ecological processes such as carbon cycling, and sustainable groundwater management. C1 Univ New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA 6000, Australia. RP Hancock, PJ, Univ New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. 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P147 WATTS CHS, 2000, RECORDS S AUSTR MUSE, V33, P127 WENDEROTH DF, 2003, MICROBIAL ECOL, V46, P161 WILLIAMS DD, 2003, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V510, P153 WIRTER TC, 1999, 1139 USGS WIRTER TC, 1999, HYDROGEOL, V7, P28 WONDZELL SM, 1996, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V15, P3 NR 122 TC 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 98 EP 111 PG 14 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 924KD UT ISI:000228976800008 ER PT J AU Renard, P TI The future of hydraulic tests SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydraulic testing; pumping test; analytical solutions; numerical modeling; heterogeneity; diagnostic plot; derivative ID PUMPING-TEST DATA; HETEROGENEOUS FORMATIONS; NUMERICAL INVERSION; JACOBS METHOD; WELL; FLOW; GROUNDWATER; DRAWDOWN; CONDUCTIVITY; RESERVOIRS C1 Univ Neuchatel, Ctr Hydrogeol, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. RP Renard, P, Univ Neuchatel, Ctr Hydrogeol, 11 Rue Emile Argand, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. 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J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 259 EP 262 PG 4 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 924KD UT ISI:000228976800022 ER PT J AU Reddy, S Brownawell, BJ TI Analysis of estrogens in sediment from a sewage-impacted urban estuary using high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE high-performance liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; sediments; steroids; estrogens ID TREATMENT PLANTS; RIVER; ASSAY; FATE; CHEMICALS; EFFLUENT; BEHAVIOR AB We describe a highly selective and sensitive method for determination of estrone (El) and P-estradiol (E2) in sediments, using high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight (HPLC-ToF) mass spectrometry. The method involved sequential cleanup of sediment extracts over solid phase extraction cartridges, normal phase HPLC, and immunoaffinity extraction, which combine to remove coeluting matrix interferences. Resulting method detection limits (0.03 and 0.04 ng/g for E I and E2, respectively) are sufficient to determine E1 and E2 in estuarine sediments collected from sewage-impacted Jamaica Bay (New York, NY, USA). The ToF analyzer has a higher resolution (> 6,000) than quadrupole mass analyzers and can provide accurate mass estimation to within 2 mDa, which helped in distinguishing steroids from isobaric matrix interferences. The El and E2 were internally mass calibrated with respect to their coeluting surrogate standards, and the mass measurement error was between 1. 1 and 1.4 mDa. The levels of El and E2 ranged between 0.07 to 2.52 and 0.05 to 0.53 ng/g, respectively. The measured concentrations of steroids in sediments correlated closely with other wastewater tracers. Despite the low concentrations of sediment-associated estrogens, their predicted estrogenic potency exceeds that of other measured estrogenic contaminants. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Brownawell, BJ, SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM bbrownawell@notes.cc.sunysb.edu CR ADAMS D, 1998, EPA902R98001 ANDERSEN H, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P4021 BENOTTI MJ, 2003, LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPH, P109 BOPP RF, 1993, ESTUARIES, V16, P608 COLDHAM NG, 1997, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V105, P734 DEALDA MJL, 2002, ANALYST, V127, P1299 FANG H, 2000, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V108, P723 FERGUSON PL, 2001, ANAL CHEM, V73, P890 FERGUSON PL, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P2428 FERGUSON PL, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P3499 GAIDO KW, 1997, TOXICOL APPL PHARM, V143, P205 HUANG CH, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P133 JURGENS MD, 2002, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V21, P480 LAI KM, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3890 LAYTON A, 2002, TOXICOL APPL PHARM, V142, P157 LEE LS, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P4098 LEGLER J, 2002, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V293, P69 PETROVIC M, 2002, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V21, P2146 ROHLF FJ, 1999, BIOMETRY PRINCIPLES ROUTLEDGE EJ, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1559 SWANSON RL, 1992, LONG ISLAND HIST J, V5, P21 TAKIGAMI H, 2000, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V42, P45 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P81 TERNES TA, 2002, ANAL CHEM, V74, P3498 TYLER CR, 1998, CRIT REV TOXICOL, V28, P319 NR 25 TC 0 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1041 EP 1047 PG 7 SC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology GA 919OJ UT ISI:000228627100005 ER PT J AU Conroy, O Quanrud, DM Ela, WP Wicke, D Lansey, KE Arnold, RG TI Fate of wastewater effluent hER-agonists and hER-antagonists during soil aquifer treatment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; IN-VITRO BIOASSAYS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; SURFACE-WATER; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; SOUTHWESTERN GERMANY; BREAST-CANCER; US STREAMS; CHEMICALS AB Estrogen activity was measured in wastewater effluent before and after polishing via soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) using both a (hER-beta) competitive binding assay and a transcriptional activation (yeast estrogen screen, YES) assay. From the competitive binding assay,the equivalent 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) concentration in secondary effluent was 4.7 nM but decreased to 0.22 nM following SAT. The YES assay indicated that the equivalent EE2 concentration in the same effluent sample was below the method-detection limit (< 2.5 x 10(-3) nM) but increased to 0.68 nM in effluent polished via SAT processes. It was hypothesized thattest-dependent differences arose because the competitive binding assay responds positively to both estrogen mimics and anti-estrogens; the YES assay responds to estrogen mimics, but test response is inhibited by anti-estrogens. The hypothesis was supported when organics extracted from wastewater effluent inhibited the YES test response to EE2 (anti-estrogenic effect). A similar extract prepared from SAT-polished effluent augmented the EE2 curve (agonist response). When hydrophobic organics in secondary effluent were fractionated, assay results indicated that several physically distinct anti-estrogens were present in the sample. From this work, it is evident that transcription-activation bioassays alone should not be relied upon to measure estrogenic activity in complex environmental samples because the simultaneous presence of both agonists and antagonist compounds can yield false negatives. Multiple in vitro bioassays, sample fractionation or tests designed to measure anti-estrogenic activity can be used to overcome this problem. It is also clear that there are circumstances under which SAT does not completely remove estrogenic activity during municipal wastewater effluent polishing. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Tech Univ, Berlin, Germany. RP Arnold, RG, Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. 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Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 2287 EP 2293 PG 7 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 913SF UT ISI:000228172600061 ER PT J AU Chung, JB Kim, SH Jeong, BR Lee, YD Prasher, S TI Modeling floodplain filtration for the improvement of river water quality SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE floodplain filtration; organic matter removal; denitrification; mathematical modeling; competitive Michaelis-Menten model ID POROUS-MEDIA; DENITRIFICATION PROCESSES; KINETIC FORMULATION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL; NITROGEN; TRANSPORT; SUBSURFACE AB A mathematical model was developed to describe a treatment method of floodplain filtration for the improvement of river water quality. The process consists of spraying poor quality river water onto the river floodplains and thus allowing soil filtration to treat water before it gets back again into the main river stream. This technique can be readily employed in Korea because it exploits the characteristics of the climate and rivers in the country, as described in an experimental study of Chung et al. ( 2004). The model was analyzed by numerical methods and validated by comparing the simulated values with experimental data. A scenario analysis of the model was also performed in order to have a better understanding of the. oodplain filtration process. Our results show that the model was able to predict the reduction in organic matter and NO3- in river water through the. oodplain filtration. Furthermore, it was found that only a few decimeters of top soil profile were enough to degrade most of the organic matter under wider operational conditions than those reported in the literature. Also, it was found that significant infiltration of atmospheric oxygen took place near the soil surface. The N2O emission and the NO3- leaching increased with the increase in the influent NO3- concentration. However, the N2O emission due to. oodplain filtration was not expected to exceed 0.1 mL/m(2)-day. C1 Yeungnam Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Gyongsan 712749, South Korea. Daegu Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Gyongsan 712714, South Korea. Daegu Univ, Dept Agron, Gyongsan 712714, South Korea. McGill Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. RP Kim, SH, Yeungnam Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Gyongsan 712749, South Korea. 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Porous Media PD SEP PY 2005 VL 60 IS 3 BP 319 EP 337 PG 19 SC Engineering, Chemical GA 913TI UT ISI:000228175700004 ER PT J AU Gooseff, MN Bencala, KE Scott, DT Runkel, RL McKnight, DM TI Sensitivity analysis of conservative and reactive stream transient storage models applied to field data from multiple-reach experiments SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE solute transport; tracer; reactive transport; sensitivity analysis; OTIS; UCODE ID GLACIAL MELTWATER STREAM; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYPORHEIC ZONE; RIFFLE STREAM; MASS-TRANSFER; EXCHANGE; SIMULATION; SORPTION; TRACER; IRON AB The transient storage model (TSM) has been widely used in studies of stream solute transport and fate, with an increasing emphasis on reactive solute transport. In this study we perform sensitivity analyses of a conservative TSM and two different reactive solute transport models (RSTM), one that includes first-order decay in the stream and the storage zone, and a second that considers sorption of a reactive solute on streambed sediments. Two previously analyzed data sets are examined with a focus on the reliability of these RSTMs in characterizing stream and storage zone solute reactions. Sensitivities of simulations to parameters within and among reaches, parameter coefficients of variation, and correlation coefficients are computed and analyzed. Our results indicate that (1) simulated values have the greatest sensitivity to parameters within the same reach, (2) simulated values are also sensitive to parameters in reaches immediately upstream and downstream (inter-reach sensitivity), (3) simulated values have decreasing sensitivity to parameters in reaches farther downstream, and (4) in-stream reactive solute data provide adequate data to resolve effective storage zone reaction parameters, given the model formulations. Simulations of reactive solutes are shown to be equally sensitive to transport parameters and effective reaction parameters of the model, evidence of the control of physical transport on reactive solute dynamics. Similar to conservative transport analysis, reactive solute simulations appear to be most sensitive to data collected during the rising and falling limb of the concentration breakthrough curve. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 22092 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gooseff, MN, Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mgooseff@mines.edu CR BENCALA KE, 1983, WATER RESOUR RES, V19, P718 BENCALA KE, 1983, WATER RESOUR RES, V19, P732 BROSHEARS RE, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P3016 CHAPRA SC, 1999, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V125, P415 CHAPRA SC, 2000, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V126, P708 FULLER CC, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P1150 GOOSEFF MN, IN PRESS HYDROL P GOOSEFF MN, 2004, AQUAT GEOCHEM, V10, P221 GOOSEFF MN, 2004, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V49, P1884 HARVEY JW, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P2441 HILL MC, 984005 US GEOL SURV MARION A, 2003, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V129, P456 MCKNIGHT DM, 2004, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V23, P171 POETER EP, 1998, 984080 US GEOL SURV RUNKEL RL, 1998, 984018 US GEOL SURV RUNKEL RL, 1998, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V17, P143 RUNKEL RL, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V35, P3829 RUNKEL RL, 2003, ADV WATER RESOUR, V26, P901 SCOTT DT, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P453 SCOTT DT, 2003, J N AMER BENTHOL SOC, V23, P492 SCOTT DT, 2003, WATER RESOUR RES, V39 THOMAS SA, 2003, ADV WATER RESOUR, V22, P965 WAGNER BJ, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P1731 WAGNER BJ, 1999, 994018A US GEOL SURV, V1, P201 NR 24 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 479 EP 492 PG 14 SC Water Resources GA 914JN UT ISI:000228223800005 ER PT J AU Dong, LL Huang, JX TI Status and analytical techniques of disinfection by-products in drinking water SO PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY LA Chinese DT Article DE drinking water; disinfectants; disinfection by-products; analytical techniques ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; STRONG MUTAGEN 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE; ION-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CATION-EXCHANGE RESIN; CHLORINATING MODEL COMPOUNDS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HALOACETIC ACIDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MX 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE AB The properties and status of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water produced by chlorine, ozone and chlorine dioxide are introduced. The analytical techniques of sample pretreatment for DBPs are generally reviewed. Future trends of development in this field are also proposed. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. RP Dong, LL, Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM junxionghuang@yahoo.com CR 2001, FED REG, V66, P16858 *ASTM, 652000 ASTM D *CDHS, 2000, CAL DRINK WAT NDMA R *ISO DIS, 1998, 15061 ISODIS *MIN HLTH SOC SERV, 2001, HLTH NAM, P1 *MOE, 1998, DRINK WAT SURV PROGR *US EPA, 1998, 815F98010 US EPA *USEPA, 1992, 5242 USEPA *USEPA, 1995, 5522 USEPA *USEPA, 1997, 3001 USEPA *USEPA, 1997, CASRN62759040197 USE *USEPA, 1998, 3218 USEPA *USEPA, 1998, 556 USEPA *USEPA, 2000, 3170 USEPA *WHO, 1993, GUID DRINK WAT QUAL, V1, P96 *WHO, 1998, WHO GUID DRINK WAT Q, V2 AHRER W, 1999, J CHROMATOGR A, V854, P275 AIKAWA B, 1997, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V66, P215 BAO ML, 1998, J CHROMATOGR A, V809, P75 BARIBEAU H, 2002, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V94, P96 BARNETT DA, 1999, APPL SPECTROSC, V53, P1367 BENANOU D, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P2798 CHANG CC, 2000, J CHROMATOGR A, V893, P169 CHANG EE, 2001, CHEMOSPHERE, V43, P1029 CHARLES L, 1998, ANAL CHEM, V70, P353 CHEN TC, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V927, P229 DABROWSKA A, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1161 ELLS B, 1999, ANAL CHEM, V71, P4747 FRANSKI R, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P3286 HELALEH MIH, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V997, P133 HEMMING J, 1986, CHEMOSPHERE, V15, P549 KAMPIOTI AA, 2002, WATER RES, V36, P2596 KEMPTER C, 2000, ANALYST, V125, P433 KETOLA RA, 1997, TALANTA, V44, P373 KHIARI D, P 1996 AM WAT WORKS KRASNER SW, 1995, J AWWA, V87, P83 KRONBERG L, 1988, MUTAT RES, V206, P177 KUIVINEN J, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P1201 LIU YJ, 2002, J CHROMATOGR A, V956, P85 LIU YJ, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V997, P225 LOOS R, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V938, P45 MARTINEZ D, 1998, J CHROMATOGR A, V827, P105 MARTINEZ D, 1999, J CHROMATOGR A, V835, P187 MEIER JR, 1987, MUTAT RES, V189, P363 MITCH WA, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P3733 NAJM I, 2001, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V93, P92 NAWROCKI J, 1997, J CHROMATOGR A, V790, P242 NAWROCKI J, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P1891 NIKOLAOU AD, 2002, TALANTA, V56, P717 POPP P, 1997, CHROMATOGRAPHIA, V46, P419 RICHARDSON SD, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P592 RICHARDSON SD, 1998, ENCY ENV ANAL REMEDI, P1398 RICHARDSON SD, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P3368 RICHARDSON SD, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P3378 RICHARDSON SD, 2000, OZONE-SCI ENG, V22, P653 RICHARDSON SD, 2000, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V123, P95 RICHARDSON SD, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, A199 RICHARDSON SD, 2002, J ENVIRON MONITOR, V4, P1 RICHARDSON SD, 2003, ANAL CHEM, V75, P2831 SARRION MN, 2000, ANAL CHEM, V72, P4865 SIMPSON KL, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P1522 SMEDS A, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P1839 SUZUKI N, 1990, CHEMOSPHERE, V21, P387 SUZUKI N, 1995, CHEMOSPHERE, V30, P1557 TANAKA K, 2002, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V474, P31 TANAKA K, 2002, J CHROMATOGR A, V956, P209 TSAI SW, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V1015, P143 URBANSKY ET, 2002, ANAL CHEM, V74, A260 WEINBERG H, 1999, ANAL CHEM, V71, A801 XIE YF, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P1599 ZOU HX, 1995, CHEMOSPHERE, V30, P2219 ZOU HX, 2002, WATER RES, V36, P4535 ZWIENER C, 2001, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V371, P591 NR 73 TC 0 PU CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES PI BEIJING PA NO. 8 KEXUEYUANNANLU, ZHONGGUANCUN, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1005-281X J9 PROG CHEM JI Prog. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 350 EP 358 PG 9 SC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary GA 912JH UT ISI:000228073500021 ER PT J AU Labadie, P Budzinski, H TI Development of an analytical procedure for determination of selected estrogens and progestagens in water samples SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE estrogens; progestagens; solid-phase extraction; sewage; surface water ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WASTE-WATER; STEROID ESTROGENS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; SURFACE-WATER; STW EFFLUENT; RIVER; IDENTIFICATION; PROGESTOGENS AB An analytical procedure has been developed for determination of eight selected natural and synthetic hormonal steroids in surface water and in effluent samples. Several methodological points have been investigated and are discussed; they include the choice of the solid-phase extraction sorbent, the influence of flow rate on recovery, the breakthrough volume for a given sorbent (Env+ and Oasis HLB), sample clean up, and sample storage. As regards the latter point, it was found that when no preservative was added to effluent from a sewage-treatment plant, severe loss of steroids occurred - 85% of progesterone and about 30% of both estrone and estradiol were found to be degraded in 24 h. The procedure developed was applied to samples from the Seine river estuary. Sex steroids were not detected in surface water; estrone was the most commonly detected steroid in sewage-treatment plant effluent, with levels ranging from 1.8 to 8.3 ng L-1. Synthetic estrogens (ethynylestradiol and mestranol) and progestagens (levonorgestrel and norethindrone) were never detected, whatever the sampling season. Overall, for 162 out of 168 measurements levels were below the detection limits of the developed procedure. C1 Univ Bordeaux 1, Lab Phys Chim & Toxicochim Syst Nat, LPTC, UMR 5472, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Budzinski, H, Univ Bordeaux 1, Lab Phys Chim & Toxicochim Syst Nat, LPTC, UMR 5472, 351 Cours Liberat, F-33405 Talence, France. EM h.budzinski@lptc.u-bordeaux1.fr CR *SYR RES CORP ENV, 1999, KOWWIN PROGR AERNI HR, 2003, ANAL BIOANAL CHEM, V378, P688 BARONTI C, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P5059 BELFROID AC, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P101 DASCENZO G, 2003, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V302, P199 DEALDA MJL, 2001, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V371, P437 DEALDA MJL, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V938, P145 DESBROW C, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1549 HUANG CH, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P133 KUCH HM, 2000, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V366, P392 LAI KM, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3890 LARSSON DGJ, 1999, AQUAT TOXICOL, V45, P91 LEBIZEC B, 2000, ANN TOXICOL ANAL, V12, P56 MINIER C, 2000, MAR ENVIRON RES, V50, P373 RODGERSGRAY T, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P1521 RODGERSGRAY TP, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P462 ROUTLEDGE EJ, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1559 SNYDER SA, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2814 SOLE M, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P5076 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P81 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P91 TILTON F, 2002, AQUAT TOXICOL, V61, P211 TRONCZYNSKI J, 1999, SEINE AVAL PROGRAMME, V12 VANDERFORD BJ, 2003, ANAL CHEM, V75, P6265 WILLIAMS RJ, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1744 NR 25 TC 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 381 IS 6 BP 1199 EP 1205 PG 7 SC Chemistry, Analytical; Biochemical Research Methods GA 910QI UT ISI:000227946500013 ER PT J AU Petrovic, M Hernando, MD Diaz-Cruz, MS Barcelo, D TI Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of pharmaceutical residues in environmental samples: a review SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Review DE liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; beta-blockers; antibiotica; lipid regulating agents ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; FLUOROQUINOLONE ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; WASTE-WATER; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; TRIPLE-QUADRUPOLE; DRINKING-WATER AB Pharmaceutical residues are environmental contaminants of recent concern and the requirements for analytical methods are mainly dictated by low concentrations found in aqueous and solid environmental samples. In the current article, a review of the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based methods published so far for the determination of pharmaceuticals in the environment is presented. Pharmaceuticals included in this review are antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers, lipid regulating agents and psychiatric drugs. Advanced aspects of current LC-MS/MS methodology, including sample preparation and matrix effects, are discussed. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, IIQAB, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona 08034, Spain. RP Petrovic, M, CSIC, IIQAB, Dept Environm Chem, C Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM mpeqam@cid.csic.es CR AHRER W, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V910, P69 ANDREOZZI R, REMPHARMAWATER ASHTON D, 2004, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V333, P167 BENIJTS T, 2004, J CHROMATOGR A, V1029, P153 BENOTTI MJ, 2003, ACS SYM SER, V850, P109 BRATTON KD, 2003, ACS SYM SER, V850, P188 CALMARI D, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1241 DAUGHTON CG, 1999, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S6, V107, P907 DEALDA MJL, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V1000, P503 DIAZCRUZ S, 2003, TRENDS ANAL CHEM, V22, P2003 ERICKSON BE, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, A140 GOLET EM, 2001, ANAL CHEM, V73, P3632 GOLET EM, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P3645 HABERER T, 1997, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V6, P438 HABERER T, 1998, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V26, P272 HALLINGSORENSEN B, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V50, P1331 HAMSCHER G, 2002, ANAL CHEM, V74, P1509 HARTIG C, 1999, J CHROMATOGR A, V854, P163 HERNANDO MD, 2004, J CHROMATOGR A, V1046, P133 HILTON MJ, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V1015, P129 HIRSCH R, 1998, J CHROMATOGR A, V815, P213 HIRSCH R, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P109 JACOBSEN AM, 2004, J CHROMATOGR A, V1038, P157 KLAGKOU K, 2003, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V17, P2373 KOTRETSOU SI, 2004, CRIT REV FOOD SCI, V44, P173 LOFFLER D, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V1021, P133 MARCHESE S, 2003, CHROMATOGRAPHIA, V58, P263 MARCHESE S, 2003, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V17, P879 METCALFE CD, 2003, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V22, P2872 MIAO XS, 2002, J CHROMATOGR A, V952, P139 MIAO XS, 2003, ANAL CHEM, V75, P3731 MIAO XS, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V998, P133 MIAO XS, 2003, J MASS SPECTROM, V38, P27 MIAO XS, 2004, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V38, P3533 PETROVIC M, 2003, TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM, V22, P685 QUINTANA JB, 2004, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V18, P765 REDDERSEN K, 2002, CHEMOSPHERE, V49, P539 SACHER F, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V938, P199 SCHLUSENER MP, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V1003, P21 SCZESNY S, 2003, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V51, P697 STOLKER AAM, 2004, ANAL BIOANAL CHEM, V378, P1754 STOLKER AAM, 2004, ANAL BIOANAL CHEM, V378, P955 STUBER M, 2003, ANAL BIOANAL CHEM, V378, P910 TERNES T, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V938, P175 TERNES TA, 1998, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V362, P329 TERNES TA, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P3245 TERNES TA, 2001, TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM, V20, P419 TERNES TA, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P3855 VANDERFORD BJ, 2003, ANAL CHEM, V75, P6265 YANG S, 2004, J CHROMATOGR A, V1038, P141 ZHU J, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V928, P177 NR 51 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 1067 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 SC Chemistry, Analytical; Biochemical Research Methods GA 910IY UT ISI:000227925800001 ER PT J AU Di Matteo, L Dragoni, W TI Empirical relationships for estimating stream depletion by a well pumping near a gaining stream SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID EQUIVALENT POROUS-MEDIA; SPRINGS; FLOW; AQUIFER AB Siting wells near streams requires an accurate estimate of the quantity of water derived from the river due to pumping. A number of hydrogeological and hydraulic parameters influence this value. This study estimates stream depletion under steady-state conditions for a variety of hydrogeological systems. A finite differences model was used to analyze several hydrogeological situations, and for each of these the stream depletion was estimated using an advective transport method. An empirical equation for stream depletion was obtained for the case of a stream that partially penetrates the aquifer and a pumping well that is screened over a portion of the aquifer. The derived equation, which is valid for both isotropic and anisotropic conditions, expresses stream depletion as a function of the unit inflow to the river, the discharge of the pumping well, the well screen length, the distance between the river and pumping well, the wetted perimeter, and a new parameter called "overlap," which is defined to be the distance between the riverbed and the top of well screen. The overlap parameter makes it possible to consider indirectly the vertical component of flow, which is accentuated when the well is screened below the streambed. The formula proposed here should be useful in deciding where to locate a pumping well and to decide the appropriate length of its screen. C1 Univ Perugia, Dept Earth Sci, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. RP Dragoni, W, Univ Perugia, Dept Earth Sci, Pzza Univ 1, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. EM dimatteo@unipg.it dragoni@unipg.it CR *EPA, 1993, 600R93010 USGS ANDERSON MP, 1991, APPL GROUNDWATER MOD ANGELINI P, 1994, ACQUE SOTTERRANEE, V47, P17 ANGELINI P, 1997, GROUND WATER, V35, P612 BOCHEVER FM, 1966, P VODGEO, V13, P84 BONI C, 2000, HYDROGEOLOGIE, P49 BUTLER JJ, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P651 CAMBI C, 2000, HYDROGEOLOGIE, P11 CELICO P, 1986, HYDROGEOLOGICAL PROS CENCETTI CW, 1989, GEOL APPL IDROGEOLOG CHEN CX, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P465 CHEN HC, 1999, DECIS SUPPORT SYST, V27, P1 CUSTODIO E, 1983, HIDROLOGIA SUBTERRAN DRAGONI W, 1998, HYDROGEOLOGIE, V13, P21 ERNST LF, 1979, J HYDROL, V42, P120 GLOVER RE, 1954, AM GEOPHYSICAL UNION, V35, P468 GRIGORYEV VM, 1957, WATER SUPPLY SANITAT, V6, P110 HANTUSH MS, 1955, AM GEOPHYS UNION, V36, P95 HARR E, 1992, GROUNDWATER SEEPAGE JENKINS CT, 1968, GROUND WATER, V6, P37 KRUSEMAN GP, 1980, ANAL EVALUATION PUMP LAROCQUE M, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P897 MANGA M, 1999, J HYDROL, V219, P56 MARAMATHAS A, 2003, GROUND WATER, V41, P608 MCDONALD MG, 1988, MODULAR 3 DIMENSIONA, CHA1 SCANLON BR, 2003, J HYDROL, V276, P137 SOKOL D, 1963, J GEOPHYS RES, V68, P1079 SOPHOCLEOUS MA, 1988, J HYDROL, V98, P249 TERZAGHI K, 1967, SOIL MECH ENG PRACTI THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 TODD DK, 1980, GROUNDWATER HYDROLOG WALTON WC, 1970, GROUNDWATER RESOURCE WEEKS EP, 1983, GROUNDWATER HYDRAULI WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 NR 34 TC 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 242 EP 249 PG 8 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 908ZI UT ISI:000227828300012 ER PT J AU Hartog, N Griffioen, J van Bergen, PF TI Depositional and paleohydrogeological controls on the distribution of organic matter and other reactive reductants in aquifer sediments SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kerogen; sedimentary organic matter; pyrite; ferrous iron; oxygen reduction; pyrolysis; carbonate isotopes ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBONATE-BUFFERED SOLUTION; ANALYTICAL PYROLYSIS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; NITRATE REDUCTION; SULFATE REDUCTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PYRITE OXIDATION; SWAMP SEDIMENTS AB The reactivity of sedimentary reductants is the main control for the natural attenuation of common groundwater contaminants, such as nitrate or chlorinated hydrocarbons. Middle Miocene to Late Pleistocene (0.01-20 My old) aquifer sands of marine, fluvial, fluvio-glacial and aeolian origin were characterized to determine the control of sediment depositional environment, sediment age and paleohydrology on the distribution and reactivity of sedimentary reductants. In addition to the variability in the molecular composition of sedimentary organic matter (SOM), the reduction reactivity of these sediments was determined. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production during sediment incubations indicated that SOM, pyrite and ferrous iron-bearing carbonates were the main reductants. Bulk delta(13)C(org)-values (similar to 25 parts per thousand) indicated that terrestrial higher land plants were the main precursor of SOM, regardless of sediment origin. However, pyrolysis-GC/MS analysis showed that SOM in the marine Tertiary sands contained lignin with preserved side-chains, while in the Pleistocene fluvial and fluvio-aeolian sediments, highly degraded lignin and recalcitrant macromolecular aliphatic structures dominated SOM, indicative of aerobic degradation. The higher dynamics of these terrestrial depositional environments as compared with their marine counterpart, likely allows for increased oxygen exposure times and thus more intense aerobic degradation of SOM. The aquifer sediment that fills a large erosional valley created during the Saale ice-age, likely consists of fluvio-glacially reworked marine Tertiary sediments, as supported by carbonate isotopic evidence. The more degraded status and decreased reactivity of SOM in this sediment than in its precursor, is likely due to the increased oxygen exposure during dynamic fluvio-glacial reworking. Despite the highly degraded nature of SOM and the absence of pyrite in the Pleistocene fluvial and fluvio-aeolian sediments, oxygen consumption rates were high during the incubation of sediments from the shallowest part of the aquifer. A reactive ferroan carbonate phase was inferred as the main source of oxidant demand in shallow fluvial and aeolian sands. Depleted oxygen and carbon isotopes indicated that this phase was groundwater derived. Aerobic degradation during sediment deposition appears to control the molecular composition and reactivity of SOM in aquifer sediments and to affect the potential of subsequent diagenetic pyrite formation. In addition, (paleo)hydrological conditions may result in the accumulation of a ferrous iron-bearing carbonate phase precipitated during the exfiltration of Fe(II)containing anoxic groundwater. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utrecht, Dept Geochem, Fac Earth Sci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. TNO, Netherlands Inst Appl Geosci TNO, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Hartog, N, Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. 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Geol. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 131 PG 19 SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908VT UT ISI:000227819000008 ER PT J AU Anderson, EI TI Modeling groundwater-surface water interactions using the Dupuit approximation SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE groundwater-surface water interaction; Dupuit-Forchheimer assumption; groundwater modeling; analytic ID FLOW; STATE; LAKES AB Global errors in head and/or discharge may be introduced when groundwater flow to a stream is modeled using the Dupuit approximation. We consider a simple case of steady groundwater flow in the vertical plane to a horizontal stream bed in direct connection with the aquifer, and compare solutions to the exact problem with Dupuit solutions where common representations of the stream are chosen. In all cases considered, adopting the Dupuit approximation introduces global errors into the mathematical model, and the magnitude of the errors depends on the regional flow conditions. This behavior makes calibration of a model difficult and limits the predictive abilities of the model under conditions of changed regional flow. The global errors and their dependence on flow conditions can be minimized, but not eliminated by treating the resistance of a fictitious leaky stream bed as an effective parameter. We propose an alternate Dupuit model of groundwater-surface water interaction and demonstrate, for the case considered, that adding a second effective parameter allows us to eliminate global errors in head and discharge, and eliminate the dependence of the effective values on the flow field. Explicit expressions are provided to evaluate the two effective properties. We propose that the results be used as a general guideline for modeling groundwater-surface water interaction at streams. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Anderson, EI, Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 300 Main St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. 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Water Resour. PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 315 EP 327 PG 13 SC Water Resources GA 908VC UT ISI:000227817300001 ER PT J AU Hashsham, SA Alm, EW Stedtfeld, RD Traver, RG Duran, M TI Detection and occurrence of indicator organisms and pathogens SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID BACTERIAL SOURCE TRACKING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE PATTERNS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII OOCYSTS; REAL-TIME PCR; DRINKING-WATER; FECAL CONTAMINATION; WASTE-WATER C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Villanova Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Hashsham, SA, Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, A124 Res Complex Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. 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RL, 2003, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V69, P5555 WIGGINS BA, 2003, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V69, P3399 WOO DM, 2003, RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE, V80, P253 WU CF, 2003, BIOSENS BIOELECTRON, V19, P1 YU JR, 2003, J PARASITOL, V89, P639 NR 135 TC 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2004 VL 76 IS 6 BP 531 EP 604 PG 74 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 905DM UT ISI:000227547900002 ER PT J AU Ahmad, R Begum, S Hoek, EMV Karanfil, T Genceli, EA Yadav, A Trivedi, P Zhang, CL TI Physico-chemical processes SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; ZERO-VALENT IRON; ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION; WET AIR OXIDATION; AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE WATER; HYDROXYL RADICAL GENERATION; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; HYDROPHOBIC COTTON FIBERS; REVERSE-OSMOSIS MEMBRANES; OZONE-ENHANCED OXIDATION C1 KHAFRA Engn Consultants Inc, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Houston Clear Lake City, Dept Environm Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Ahmad, R, KHAFRA Engn Consultants Inc, 230 Peachtree St 200, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. 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COLLOID SURFACE A, V217, P93 SEVIMLI MF, 2003, OZONE-SCI ENG, V25, P137 SHARPLESS CM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P4730 SHEN YS, 2003, WATER ENVIRON RES, V75, P54 SHIH TC, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P375 SHIM WG, 2003, SEPAR SCI TECHNOL, V38, P3905 SINGER PC, 2003, OZONE-SCI ENG, V25, P453 SKVARLA J, 2003, INT J MINER PROCESS, V68, P17 SNYDER SA, 2003, ENVIRON ENG SCI, V20, P449 SPYCHALA M, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V48, P153 STASINAKIS AS, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V52, P1059 STENDAHL K, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V48, P185 STONE M, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P2739 SUBLET R, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P4904 SUN JM, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P4281 SUN QY, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1535 SZOKE S, 2003, DESALINATION, V151, P123 TAIT SJ, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V47, P51 TAKIZAWA S, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V3, P67 TAN TTY, 2003, CHEM ENG J, V95, P179 TAN TTY, 2003, J MOL CATAL A-CHEM, V202, P73 TANADA S, 2003, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V275, P135 TATSI AA, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V53, P737 TCHIO M, 2003, CAN J CIVIL ENG, V30, P754 TERZYK AP, 2003, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V268, P301 TOBIASON JE, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P80 TOBIASON JE, 2003, J WATER SUPPLY RES T, V52, P259 TOKUNAGA TK, 2003, J ENVIRON QUAL, V32, P1641 TOLEDO LU, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V50, P1049 TONG SP, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V50, P1359 TORRADES F, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V53, P1211 TROCHIMCZUK AW, 2003, SEPAR SCI TECHNOL, V38, P1813 TSENG RL, 2003, CARBON, V41, P487 UDERT KM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P2571 UDERT KM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P2667 ULUDAGDEMIRER S, 2003, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V142, P229 UTSUMI H, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P4924 VAISHYA RC, 2003, J WATER SUPPLY RES T, V52, P299 VANDERBRUGGEN B, 2003, ENVIRON PROG, V22, P46 VANDERZEE FP, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P402 VANRENSBURG P, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P3087 VEGLIO F, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P4895 VEZA JA, 2003, DESALINATION, V157, P65 VIAL D, 2003, DESALINATION, V153, P141 VICENTE J, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1452 VICENTE J, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1457 VOHRA MS, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P3992 VONGUNTEN U, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1443 VONGUNTEN U, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1469 WAHLBERG EJ, 2003, P 76 ANN WAT ENV FED WALDNER G, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V50, P989 WALKER GM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P2081 WALL NA, 2003, APPL GEOCHEM, V18, P1573 WANG DS, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P79 WANG J, 2003, P 76 ANN WAT ENV FED WANG JW, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P4500 WANG QQ, 2003, J HAZARD MATER, V98, P241 WANG S, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P4191 WANG T, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1955 WATANABE Y, 2003, SEPAR SCI TECHNOL, V38, P1519 WEBER R, 2003, DESALINATION, V157, P113 WEINSTEIN RD, 2003, IND ENG CHEM RES, V42, P5429 WEISS WJ, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P67 WEISS WJ, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P68 WEN S, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V50, P111 WESTERHOFF P, 2003, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V129, P10 WESTERHOFF P, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1818 WHITELEY CG, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V48, P129 WILCZAK A, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P94 WINTGENS T, 2003, J MEMBRANE SCI, V216, P55 WONG CC, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V50, P981 WONG KK, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V50, P23 WU J, 2003, CARBON, V41, P1309 WYFFELS S, 2003, J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT, V78, P412 XIE GB, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P4751 YAMANAKA I, 2003, STUDIES SURFACE SCI, V145, P3833 YANTASEE W, 2003, SEPAR SCI TECHNOL, V38, P3809 YARDIM MF, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V52, P835 YAZGAN MS, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V48, P511 YEN CY, 2003, PCT INT APPL YEO SD, 2003, SEPAR SCI TECHNOL, V38, P999 YOON YM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P3530 YOUNG JC, 2003, WATER ENVIRON RES, V75, P263 YU J, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V47, P89 YUE QY, 2003, J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA, V15, P69 ZENG GM, 2003, J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA, V15, P346 ZENG L, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P4351 ZHANG GM, 2003, IND ENG CHEM RES, V42, P285 ZHANG JJ, 2003, AICHE J, V49, P1870 ZHANG M, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P2947 ZHANG X, 2003, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V264, P30 ZHANG Y, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V51, P945 ZHANG YF, 2003, SEPAR SCI TECHNOL, V38, P1585 ZHANG YQ, 2003, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V51, P7073 ZHANG YQ, 2003, J ENVIRON QUAL, V32, P441 ZHONG J, 2003, SEP PURIF TECHNOL, V32, P93 ZHOU JT, 2003, J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA, V15, P652 ZHU A, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P3718 ZHU SY, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1185 NR 491 TC 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2004 VL 76 IS 6 BP 823 EP 1002 PG 180 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 905DM UT ISI:000227547900006 ER PT J AU Kuo, JF Pham, PJ TI Disinfection and antimicrobial processes SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; WASTE-WATER; UV DISINFECTION; SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; HALOACETIC ACIDS; BY-PRODUCTS; CHLORINE; OZONATION; IMPACT; SCALE C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. RP Kuo, JF, Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. CR ABBASZADEGAN J, 2003, P WEFTEC2003 76 ANN ABDESSEMED D, 2003, DESALINATION, V152, P367 BERNSTEL JB, 2003, ABA BANK MARKET, V35, P16 BICK A, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL WA, V3, P379 BICK A, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL WA, V3, P5 BOLTON JR, 2003, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V129, P209 BOURGEOUS G, 2003, P WEFTEC 2003 76 ANN BRISSAUD F, 2003, WA SCI TECHNOL, V3, P209 BROUWER G, 2003, CIVIL ENG AM SOC CIV, V73, P30 CALLERY AG, 2003, CHEM ENG PROG, V99, P42 CARAVELLI A, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P2097 CASSON DB, 2003, P WEFTEC 2003 76 ANN CHEN YJ, 2003, IND ENG CHEM RES, V42, P280 CHRISTEN K, 2003, WATER ENV TECHNOL, V15, P20 CHRISTEN K, 2003, WATER ENV TECHNOL, V15, P21 CHRISTENSEN J, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P179 CHRISTENSEN PA, 2003, APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON, V41, P371 CLARK RM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P2773 DEEB M, 2003, P WEFTEC 2003 76 ANN DEEB RA, 2003, WATER ENV TECHNOL, V15, P34 DIETRICH JP, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P139 DRIKAS M, 2003, J WATER SUPPLY RES T, V52, P475 EMBREY M, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P34 FISHER DJ, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P4359 GARCIA AM, 2003, J AM CERAM SOC, V86, P2200 GERBA CP, 2003, J WATER SUPPLY RES T, V52, P81 GERECKE AC, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1331 GILLETTE A, 2003, P WEFTEC 2003 76 ANN GOFTILAROCHE L, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P162 GONCHARUK VV, 2003, KHIM TEKHNOL, V25, P179 GONCHARUK VV, 2003, KHIMIYA TEKHNOLOIYA, V25, P487 GRIMM M, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P45 HAMMANN DK, 2003, PUBLIC WORKS, V134, P57 HARRINGTON GW, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P95 HSU BM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1111 HUANG WJ, 2003, J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A, V38, P2919 HUNTER D, 2003, P WEFTEC 2003 76 ANN JIA RB, 2003, J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A, V38, P2867 JOYCE E, 2003, ULTRASON SONOCHEM, V10, P231 JYOTI KK, 2003, ULTRASON SONOCHEM, V10, P255 KAZMI AA, 2003, WATER, V21, P24 KEEGAN AR, 2003, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V69, P2505 KIM J, 2003, DESALINATION, V151, P1 KUO J, 2003, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V129, P774 KUO J, 2003, P WEFTEC 2003 76 ANN LAZAROVA V, 2003, WA SCI TECHNOL, V3, P167 LEHTOLA MJ, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1064 LEVINE AD, 2003, WATER ENV TECHNOL, V15, P63 LI S, 2003, AIHA J-J SCI OCCUP E, V64, P533 LIANG L, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P2920 LIANG S, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P121 MAYA C, 2003, WA SCI TECHNOL, V3, P285 MCQUARRIE JP, 2003, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V129, P412 MUILENBERG T, 2003, POLLUT ENG, V35, P22 NABER J, 2003, WATER ENV TECHNOL, V15, P100 NEIS U, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL WA, V3, P261 NKHUWA DCW, 2003, PHYS CHEM EARTH, V28, P1139 OATES PM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P47 OKUDA T, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V53, P97 REGAN JM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P197 RITTMANN D, 2003, WORLD WATER ENV RESO, V44 ROBERSON JA, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P48 SCHALLER KL, 2003, CEREBELLUM, V2, P2 SCOTT TM, 2003, WA SCI TECHNOL, V3, P247 SERODES JB, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V51, P253 SHARPLESS CM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P4730 SINGER PC, 2003, OZONE-SCI ENG, V25, P453 SIVAGANESAN M, 2003, J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A, V38, P1959 SUAREZ M, 2003, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V81, P13 SUNG W, 2003, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V129, P377 SWICHTENBERG B, 2003, WEM-WATER ENG MANAG, V150, P4 TANGO MS, 2003, AQUACULT ENG, V29, P125 TERAO R, 2003, OZONE-SCI ENG, V25, P345 THOMPSON SS, 2003, WATER ENVIRON RES, V75, P163 TOKUNO S, 2003, WATER ENG MANAG, V150, P5 UCANER M, 2003, WORLD WAT ENV RES C, P16 VANDERBILT T, 2003, C WORLD WAT ENV RES VEAZEY MV, 2003, MAT PERFORMANCE, V42, P16 VESCHETTI E, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P78 VONGUNTEN U, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1469 WAGNER GP, 2003, J EXP ZOOL PART B B, V300, P1 WEBER E, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P34 WEINBERG HS, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V14, P3104 WEISS WJ, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P67 WEND CF, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P3367 WILCZAK A, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P94 XU X, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P569 YAMAMOTO T, 2003, P WEFTEC 2003 76 ANN YU RF, 2003, WA SCI TECHNOL, V3, P313 ZANARDI C, 2003, POLLUT ENG, V35, P20 NR 90 TC 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2004 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1238 EP 1265 PG 28 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 905DM UT ISI:000227547900011 ER PT J AU Darnault, C TI Fate of environmental pollutants SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METAL CONCENTRATIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS VOCS; UNITED-STATES; OVERLAND-FLOW; ARTIFICIAL RADIONUCLIDES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; POTENTIAL POLLUTION; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT AB This section covers studies published during the calendar year 2003 on the fate of environmental pollutants in soil, groundwater and surface water resources. Studies related to water quality and sources of pollution by environmental pollutants as well as reaction kinetics and modeling are reviewed in detail. Also included in the coverage of the present review is research on pollutants such as nutrients, xenobiotics, pathogens, metals, and radionuclides. C1 Environm Engn & Technol Inc, Water Resources Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Darnault, C, Environm Engn & Technol Inc, Water Resources Grp, 712 Gum Rock Court, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM cdarnault@eetinc.com CR AKCAY H, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P813 ALHAMARNEH I, 2003, J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV, V67, P53 ALMASRI MS, 2003, J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV, V67, P157 ALVAREZAYUSO E, 2003, ENVIRON POLLUT, V125, P337 ALVAREZAYUSO E, 2003, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V305, P1 BARWICK RS, 2003, PREV VET MED, V59, P1 BEHERA S, 2003, AGR WATER MANAGE, V63, P77 BRASKERUD BC, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V48, P267 BUJNOVSKY R, 2003, EKOL BRATISLAVA, V22, P51 CAMPOS V, 2003, COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN, V34, P1261 CAREFOOT JP, 2003, CAN J SOIL SCI, V83, P203 CHEN B, 2003, WATER QUAL RES J CAN, V38, P585 CHEN G, 2003, ENVIRON ENG SCI, V20, P237 CHEN H, 2003, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V129, P4 CHOWDHURY SH, 2003, GROUND WATER, V41, P735 CHU YJ, 2003, J ENVIRON QUAL, V32, P2017 DAI X, 2003, J ENVIRON QUAL, V32, P296 DARNAULT CJG, 2003, WATER ENVIRON RES, V75, P113 DESIDERI D, 2003, J RADIOANAL NUCL CH, V258, P221 DESUTTER TM, 2003, WEED SCI, V51, P456 DHONDT K, 2003, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V17, P2597 DRISCOLL CT, 2003, BIOSCIENCE, V53, P357 DWORKIN SI, 2003, ENVIRON GEOL, V45, P106 DYER M, 2003, ENG GEOL, V70, P321 ELOFSSON K, 2003, ECOL ECON, V47, P1 FERGUSON C, 2003, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V33, P299 FIANDRINO A, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1711 GASIC S, 2003, J SERB CHEM SOC, V67, P887 GUAN TY, 2003, J ENVIRON QUAL, V32, P383 GUVENC N, 2003, ENVIRON INT, V29, P631 HAZELL DR, 2003, J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV, V65, P329 HETLING LJ, 2003, WATER ENVIRON RES, V75, P30 HUANG BQ, 2003, MAR MICROPALEONTOL, V47, P1 HUBBARD RK, 2003, J SOIL WATER CONSERV, V58, P232 ITURBE R, 2003, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V146, P261 JORDAN TE, 2003, J ENVIRON QUAL, V32, P1534 JUHLER RK, 2003, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V149, P145 KIM DS, 2003, J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A, V38, P839 KIM SB, 2003, J CONTAM HYDROL, V66, P1 KOZYREV AS, 2003, CZECH J PHYS A 2, V53, A621 KROISS H, 2003, J COASTAL RES, V19, P898 KRUTZ LJ, 2003, J ENVIRON QUAL, V32, P2319 LEE KH, 2003, J SOIL WATER CONSERV, V58, P1 LERNER DN, 2003, J CHART INST WATER E, V17, P239 LOBACHEVA NA, 2003, ATOM ENERGY+, V94, P242 LOVE AH, 2003, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V129, P659 MAILLOUX BJ, 2003, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V69, P3798 MAILLOUX BJ, 2003, WATER RESOUR RES, V39 MATISHOV GG, 2003, OCEANOLOGY+, V43, P182 MCGECHAN MB, 2003, GRASS FORAGE SCI, V58, P151 MICKELSON SK, 2003, J SOIL WATER CONSERV, V58, P359 MIHAI SA, 2003, J RADIOANAL NUCL CH, V256, P425 MIURA T, 2003, J RADIOANAL NUCL CH, V255, P543 MUSSLEWHITE CL, 2003, GEOMICROBIOL J, V20, P245 NAVARROPEDRENO J, 2003, ENVIRON GEOL, V44, P545 OLALLA L, 2003, COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN, V34, P831 OLSZEWSKA H, 2003, TIERARZTL UMSCHAU, V58, P255 PANKOW JF, 2003, ATMOS ENVIRON, V37, P5023 PARK CH, 2003, WATER QUAL RES J CAN, V38, P77 PONS B, 2003, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V83, P495 QUINTON JN, 2003, J PLANT NUTR SOIL SC, V166, P432 QUINTON JN, 2003, SOIL USE MANAGE, V19, P185 RUNES HB, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P539 SAADI Z, 2003, ADV ENVIRON RES, V7, P803 SANTAMARIA J, 2003, INT MICROBIOL, V6, P5 SCHEIBE TD, 2003, WATER RESOUR RES, V39 SCHIRMER M, 2003, J CONTAM HYDROL, V60, P229 SEGOVIA N, 2003, RADIAT MEAS, V36, P525 SELIM HM, 2003, J ENVIRON QUAL, V32, P1058 SHARMA V, 2003, AGR WATER MANAGE, V63, P169 SHARPLEY AN, 2003, J SOIL WATER CONSERV, V58, P137 SHERWOOD JL, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P781 SIRIVITHAYAPAKORN, 2003, WATER RESOUR RES, V39, P1109 SMEJKALOVA M, 2003, PLANT SOIL ENVIRON, V49, P321 SUEN JP, 2003, J WATER RES PL-ASCE, V129, P505 TAMMINGA S, 2003, LIVEST PROD SCI, V84, P101 TANNER CC, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V48, P207 TOME FV, 2003, J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV, V65, P161 TSIKRITZIS LI, 2003, J TRACE MICROPROBE T, V21, P543 TSUMUNE D, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V108 TUFENKJI N, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P616 UGUR A, 2003, ATMOS ENVIRON, V37, P2237 VITANOV NK, 2003, ACTA CHROMATOGR, V13, P230 WITHERS PJA, 2003, SOIL USE MANAGE, V19, P28 WONG MH, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V50, P775 YILMAZ F, 2003, J TRACE MICROPROBE T, V21, P523 ZAPATA F, 2003, SOIL TILL RES, V69, P1 ZDANOWSKI B, 2003, POL J ECOL, V51, P143 ZHANG XX, 2003, J CONTAM HYDROL, V67, P27 ZHDANOVA N, 2003, POL J ECOL, V51, P37 ZHOU QX, 2003, GEODERMA, V115, P45 ZHUANG J, 2003, J ENVIRON QUAL, V32, P816 ZOECKLER JR, 2003, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V129, P642 ZUO QA, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V50, P689 NR 94 TC 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2004 VL 76 IS 6 BP 2297 EP 2344 PG 48 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 905DM UT ISI:000227547900031 ER PT J AU McCarthy, JF McKay, LD TI Colloid transport in the subsurface: Past, present, and future challenges SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; FRACTURED SHALE SAPROLITE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SANDY VADOSE ZONE; NEVADA TEST-SITE; SOIL COLUMNS; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; INVERSE PROBLEM; TRANSURANIC RADIONUCLIDES AB This paper attempts to introduce the work described in this special section on colloid transport within a more general perspective of the evolution of our understanding of the importance of colloids in subsurface systems. The focus will be on the transport of colloidal in natural (i.e., chemically and physically heterogeneous) geological settings because the complexity imposed by these situations the greatest challenge to current and future understanding. Great progress has been made in addressing many of the key questions related to colloid transport. However, as in most areas of science, increased knowledge also serves to reveal new and more complex challenges that must be addressed. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP McCarthy, JF, Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 306 Earth & Planetary Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. 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PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 326 EP 337 PG 12 SC Agriculture, Soil Science; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 904BA UT ISI:000227468800002 ER PT J AU DeNovio, NM Saiers, JE Ryan, JN TI Colloid movement in unsaturated porous media: Recent advances and future directions SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; AIR-WATER INTERFACES; WASTE-WATER; ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; LABORATORY COLUMN; MACROPOROUS SOIL; VIRUS TRANSPORT; FLOW CONDITIONS; IONIC-STRENGTH AB Investigations of colloid movement through geologic materials are driven by a variety of issues, including contaminant transport, soil-profile development, and subsurface migration of pathogenic micro-organisms. In this review, we address recent advances in understanding of colloid transport through partially saturated porous media. Special emphasis is placed on features of the vadose zone (i.e., the presence of air-water interfaces, rapid fluctuations in porewater flow rates and chemistry) that distinguish colloid transport in unsaturated media colloid transport in saturated media. We examine experimental studies on colloid deposition and mobilization and survey recent developments in modeling colloid transport and mass transfer. We conclude with an overview of directions for future research in this field. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Ryan, JN, Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. 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PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 338 EP 351 PG 14 SC Agriculture, Soil Science; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 904BA UT ISI:000227468800003 ER PT J AU Totsche, KU Kogel-Knabner, I TI Mobile organic sorbent affected contaminant transport in soil: Numerical case studies for enhanced and reduced mobility SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; REACTIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; IMMOBILE SORBENTS; MATTER SORPTION; COLLOIDS; CARBON; FRACTIONS; COLUMNS AB Mobile organic sorbents (MOS) such as dissolved and colloidal phase organic matter control flow of water and transport of solutes in soils. We studied the effect of MOS on contaminant fate by systematic numerical case studies. The scenarios considered were (i) enhanced mobility, (ii) reduced mobility due to cosorption, and (iii) reduced due to cumulative sorption. The enhanced mobility and cosorption scenario require contaminant sorption to the MOS. The cosorption and cumulative sorption scenario require sorption of MOS to the immobile sorbent. Simulations were run for physicochemically different fractions of dissolved organic matter and two-model contaminants. Mobile organic sorbents mobility is characterized by a wide range of retardation parameters. Continued import of MOS to subsoil material high in MOS-specific sorption sites will increase the solid phase organic matter content. Enhanced mobility was observed for soils without MOS-specific sorption sites or for situations where MOS are in sorptive equilibrium with the immobile sorbent. Cosorption resulted in reduced contaminant mobility. The extent to which reduced mobility was observed depended on the ratio of the affinities of the free contaminant and the MOS-bound contaminant. As the sorption of the MOS-bound contaminants is controlled by the properties of the MOS, the characterization of these properties is a crucial step for the estimation of the effect of MOS on contaminant mobility. Cumulative sorption resulted in reduced contaminant mobility as well. However, this result is the consequence of the increase of the sorption capacity due to the sorption of MOS, a long-term process that may last for years to decades. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Bodenkunde, Dept Okol, Wissensch Zentrum Weihenstephan, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. RP Totsche, KU, Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Bodenkunde, Dept Okol, Wissensch Zentrum Weihenstephan, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. 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PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 352 EP 367 PG 16 SC Agriculture, Soil Science; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 904BA UT ISI:000227468800004 ER PT J AU Hung, CC Warnken, KW Santschi, PH TI A seasonal survey of carbohydrates and uronic acids in the Trinity River, Texas SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; GALVESTON BAY; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ESTUARINE WATERS; DIFFERENT ROLES; SURFACE WATERS; FULVIC-ACIDS; TRACE-METALS; CARBON; COPPER AB Due to their potential significance as indicators of ecological health, the biogeochemical cycling of carbohydrates and uronic acids was investigated in the Trinity River Texas, during 2000 2001. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total carbohydrates (TCHO), polysaccharides (PCHO), monosaccharides (MCHO), uronic acids (URA), as well as of oxygen, suspended particulate matter, nutrients and trace metals (Cu, Pb, Cd) were assessed at various stages of discharge. TCHO/DOC ratios, as well as nutrient and hydrogen ion concentrations, were inversely related to temperature, which suggests that biological processes in Lake Livingston, the largest freshwater reservoir along the Trinity River, are not only regulating nutrient concentrations but also the preferential degradation of carbohydrates over that of bulk DOC. However, uronic acids were selectively preserved during this temperature controlled biological process, as is evident from the positive correlation of URA/TCHO ratios and temperature. Thus, uronic acids are more refractory compounds than bulk TCHO. Significant correlations between TCHO and dissolved Cu, Pb and Cd suggest that their pathways and cycles are linked through common sources or removal processes. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Sci, LOER, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Hung, CC, Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Inst Environm & Nat Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. EM hungc@tamug.tamu.edu k.warnken@lancaster.ac.uk CR *GBNEP, 1994, STATE BAY CHAR GLAV *US GEOL SURV, 2002, USGS WAT DAT TRIN RI AHNER BA, 1995, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V40, P658 ALUWIHARE LI, 2002, DEEP-SEA RES PT II, V49, P4421 BENNER R, 2001, ORG GEOCHEM, V32, P597 BENNER R, 2003, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V48, P118 BENOIT G, 1994, MAR CHEM, V45, P307 BERGAMASCHI BA, 1999, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V63, P413 BIANCHI TS, 2004, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V68, P959 BOULT S, 2001, APPL GEOCHEM, V16, P1261 BUFFLE J, 1990, COMPLEXATION REACTIO CHENG XH, 2001, ANAL CHEM, V73, P458 COSTERTON JW, 1984, CURRENT PERSPECTIVES, P115 DING WH, 1999, CHEMOSPHERE, V39, P1781 DONAT JR, 1994, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V284, P547 FILISETTICOZZI TMC, 1991, ANAL BIOCHEM, V197, P157 FINDLAY S, 1991, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V36, P268 GRASSHOFF K, 1983, D6940 VERL CHEM GUEGUEN C, 2004, UNPUB BIOCHEMISTRY GUO LD, 1997, MAR CHEM, V59, P1 GUO LD, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1015 HEDGES JI, 1994, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V39, P743 HEDGES JI, 1997, ORG GEOCHEM, V27, P195 HUNG CC, 2001, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V427, P111 HUNG CC, 2001, MAR CHEM, V73, P305 HUNG CC, 2003, MAR CHEM, V81, P119 KENNE L, 1983, POLYSACCHARIDES, V2, P287 KOZELKA PB, 1998, MAR CHEM, V60, P267 LEAL MFC, 1999, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V44, P1750 LEFF LG, 1991, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V36, P315 LEPPARD GG, 1993, PARTICULATE MATTER A, P169 LEPPARD GG, 1997, COLLOID SURFACE A, V120, P1 MANNINO A, 2000, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V45, P775 MULLER FLL, 1999, MAR CHEM, V67, P43 MYKLESTAD SM, 1997, MAR CHEM, V56, P279 NDUNGU K, 2003, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V481, P127 OKTAY SD, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P4470 PAEZOSUNA F, 1998, ENVIRON POLLUT, V102, P321 PAKULSKI JD, 1994, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V39, P930 RAYMOND PA, 2001, ORG GEOCHEM, V32, P469 REPETA DJ, 2002, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V66, P955 ROZAN TF, 2000, NATURE, V406, P879 SANTSCHI PH, 1997, MAR CHEM, V58, P99 SHAFER MM, 1997, CHEM GEOL, V136, P71 SHIAH FK, 1997, AQUAT MICROB ECOL, V13, P151 SHOLKOVITZ ER, 1976, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V40, P833 SIGLEO AC, 1996, ORG GEOCHEM, V24, P83 SWEET MS, 1982, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V16, P692 TANG DG, 2001, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V46, P321 TANG DG, 2002, MAR CHEM, V78, P29 THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY VANDENBERG CMG, 1987, ESTUAR COAST SHELF S, V24, P785 VANDENBERG CMG, 1991, ESTUAR COAST SHELF S, V33, P309 WARNKEN KW, 2000, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V423, P265 WARNKEN KW, 2002, THESIS TEXAS A M U C WARNKEN KW, 2004, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V329, P131 WILEN BM, 2000, COLLOID SURFACE B, V18, P145 WILKINSON KJ, 1997, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V42, P1714 NR 58 TC 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 463 EP 474 PG 12 SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 904SP UT ISI:000227518300010 ER PT J AU Negrel, P Petelet-Giraud, E Widory, D TI Strontium isotope geochemistry of alluvial groundwater: a tracer for groundwater resources characterisation SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Loire river; major and trace elements; Sr isotopic ratio; alluvial aquifer; hydrology ID LOIRE RIVER; ANTHROPOGENIC INPUTS; FLUVIAL GEOCHEMISTRY; SUSPENDED MATTER; FRANCE; WATER; SR-87/SR-86; SR; CHEMISTRY; STREAMS AB This study presents strontium isotope and major ion data of shallow groundwater and river water from the Ile du Chambon catchment, located on the Allier river in the Massif Central (France). There are large variations in the major-element contents in the surface- and groundwater. Plotting of Na vs. Cl contents and Ca, Mg, NO3, K, SO4, HCO3, Sr concentrations reflect water-rock interaction (carbonate dissolution for Ca, Mg, HCO3 and Sr because the bedrock contains marly limestones), agricultural input (farming and fertilising) and sewage effluents (for, although some water samples are unpolluted. Sr contents and isotope ratios (Sr-87/Sr-86 vary from 0.70892 to 0.71180 along the NO3, K, SO4) hydrological cycle) in the groundwater agree with previous work on groundwater in alluvial aquifers in the Loire catchment. The data plot along three directions in a Sr-87/Sr-86 vs. I/Sr diagram as a result of mixing, involving at least three geochemical signatures-Allier river water, and two distinct signatures that might be related to different water-rock interactions in the catchment. Mixing proportions are calculated and discussed. The alluvial aquifer of the Ile du Chambon catchment is considered, within the Sr isotope systematic, in a larger scheme that includes several alluvial aquifers of the Loire Allier catchment. C1 Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, F-45060 Orleans 02, France. RP Negrel, P, Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, BP 6009,Ave C Guillemin, F-45060 Orleans 02, France. EM p.negrel@brgm.fr CR ADAMS S, 2001, J HYDROL, V241, P91 BAIN DC, 1998, CATENA, V32, P143 BODERGAT AM, 1999, B SOC GEOL FR, V170, P499 BOHLKE JK, 2000, APPL GEOCHEM, V15, P599 BRIOT D, 2001, B SOC GEOL FR, V172, P17 BULLEN TD, 1996, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V60, P1807 CASANOVA J, 2001, INT S APPL IS GEOCH, P97 DOUGLAS TA, 2002, CHEM GEOL, V189, P19 EDMOND JM, 1995, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V59, P3301 EIKENBERG J, 2001, J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV, V54, P133 FAURE G, 1986, PRINCIPLES ISOTOPE G FISHER RS, 1976, WATER RESOUR RES, V12, P1061 GROSBOIS C, 2000, CHEM GEOL, V170, P179 GROSBOIS C, 2001, AQUAT GEOCHEM, V7, P81 GUO HM, 2004, APPL GEOCHEM, V19, P19 HOGAN JF, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P3701 HUH Y, 1998, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V62, P1657 KATZ BG, 1998, J HYDROL, V211, P178 LENT RM, 1997, J PALEOLIMNOL, V17, P147 MEYBECK M, 1983, INT ASS HYDROL SCI P, V141, P173 MEYBECK M, 1986, SCI GEOLOGIQUES B, V39, P3 MILLER KG, 1988, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V3, P223 NEGREL P, 1996, AQUAT GEOCHEM, V2, P1 NEGREL P, 1997, CR ACAD SCI II-MEC P, V324, P119 NEGREL P, 1997, J HYDROL, V203, P143 NEGREL P, 1998, APPL GEOCHEM, V13, P941 NEGREL P, 1999, AQUAT GEOCHEM, V5, P125 NEGREL P, 2000, CHEM GEOL, V166, P271 NEGREL P, 2003, J HYDROL, V277, P248 NEGREL P, 2004, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V151, P261 OJIAMBO SB, 2003, APPL GEOCHEM, V18, P1789 PARKHURST DL, 1999, 994259 US GROL SURV PETELET E, 1998, CHEM GEOL, V150, P63 PETELETGIRAUD E, 2003, HYDROLOG SCI J, V48, P729 RAY C, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P235 ROY S, 1999, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V63, P1277 SCHUBERT J, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P145 SEMHI K, 2000, CHEM GEOL, V168, P173 SIKDAR PK, 2001, J ASIAN EARTH SCI, V19, P579 SISSINGH W, 2001, TECTONOPHYSICS, V333, P361 VITORIA L, 2004, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V38, P3254 WIDORY D, IN PRESS ENV SCI TEC WIDORY D, 2004, J CONTAM HYDROL, V72, P165 NR 43 TC 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SCI JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 8 IS 5 BP 959 EP 972 PG 14 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 902VW UT ISI:000227385800008 ER PT J AU Bryan, ND Barlow, J Warwick, P Stephens, S Higgo, JJW Griffin, D TI The simultaneous modelling of metal ion and humic substance transport in column experiments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; IRON-OXIDE; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; SANDY AQUIFER; DESORPTION; SORPTION; ACIDS; DISPLACEMENT; PARTICLES; MOBILITY AB Pulsed column experiments using Co, fulvic acid and porous sediment packing, along with up/down-flooding experiments using Eu, humic acid and intact sandstone blocks have been performed. The elution of metal and humic and their distribution along the sandstone columns have been measured. A mixed equilibrium and kinetic coupled chemical transport model has been used to simulate the results. In both cases, one exchangeable and one non-exchangeable component have been used to simulate the interaction of metal and humic substance. For the pulsed experiments, a simple equilibrium approach was used to model humic sorption, while a two component, kinetic model was required for the sandstone columns. C1 Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Ctr Radiat Res, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Loughborough, Dept Chem, Loughborough, Leics, England. British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. RMC Ltd, Abingdon, Oxon, England. RP Bryan, ND, Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Ctr Radiat Res, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. CR AVENA MJ, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P2572 CHOPPIN GR, 1991, MAR CHEM, V36, P27 DIERCKX A, 1998, RADIOCHIM ACTA, V82, P379 DIJT JC, 1993, ACS SYM SER, V532, P14 GU B, 1995, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V59, P219 GU BH, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P38 GU BH, 1996, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V60, P1943 GU BH, 1996, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V60, P2977 JONES MN, 1998, ADV COLLOID INTERFAC, V78, P1 JUHNA T, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V51, P861 KING SJ, 2001, PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS, V3, P2080 KINNIBURGH DG, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P1687 LASSEN P, 1994, ENVIRON INT, V20, P127 LENHART JJ, 1999, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V63, P2891 MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P667 MCCARTHY JF, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1223 MCCARTHY JF, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V30, P49 MUNCH JM, 2002, EUR J SOIL SCI, V53, P311 OCHS M, 1994, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V58, P639 SCHLAUTMAN MA, 1994, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V58, P4293 SCHUSSLER W, 2001, J CONTAM HYDROL, V47, P311 TESSIER A, 1996, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V60, P387 TIPPING E, 1984, TRANSFER PROCESSES C TIPPING E, 1992, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V56, P3627 VACCARI DA, 1988, J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A, V23, P797 VANDEWEERD H, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P1675 VANDEWEERD H, 2002, WATER RESOUR RES, V38 VERMEER AWP, 1998, LANGMUIR, V14, P4210 WARWICK PW, 2000, J CONTAM HYDROL, V42, P19 NR 29 TC 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONIT JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 196 EP 202 PG 7 SC Environmental Sciences GA 901LT UT ISI:000227284700002 ER PT J AU Arnon, S Adar, E Ronen, Z Yakirevich, A Nativ, R TI Impact of microbial activity on the hydraulic properties of fractured chalk SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioclogging; biodegradation; fractured chalk; transmissivity; 2,4,6-Tribromophenol ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; BIOFILM GROWTH; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERS; SINGLE FRACTURE; SAND COLUMNS; DEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; BACTERIA; FLOW AB The impact of microbial activity on fractured chalk transmissivity was investigated on a laboratory scale. Long-term experiments were conducted on six fractured chalk cores (20 cm diameter, 23-44 cm long) containing a single natural fracture embedded in a porous matrix. Biodegradation experiments were conducted under various conditions, including several substrate and oxygen concentrations and flow rates. 2,4,6-Tribromophenol (TBP) was used as a model contaminant (substrate). TBP biodegradation efficiency depended mainly on the amount of oxygen. However, under constant oxygen concentration at the core inlet, elevating the flow rates increased the removal rate of TBP. Transmissivity reduction was clearly related to TBP removal rate, following an initial slow decline and a further sharp decrease with time. The fracture's transmissivity was reduced by as much as 97% relative to the initial value, with no leveling off of the clogging process. For the most extreme cases, reductions of 262 and 157 mum in the equivalent hydraulic apertures were recorded for fractures with initial apertures of 495 and 207 mum, respectively. The reductions in fracture transmissivity occurred primarily because of clogging by bacterial cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by the bacteria. Most of the biodegradation activity was concentrated near the fracture inlet, where the most suitable biodegradation conditions (nutrients and oxygen) prevailed, suggesting that the clogging bad occurred in that vicinity. The clogging must have changed the structure of the fracture void, thereby reducing the active volume participating in flow and transport processes. This phenomenon caused accelerated transport of non-reactive tracers and doubled the fracture's dispersivitv under constant flow rates. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Zuckerberg Inst Water Res, Dept Environm Hydrol & Microbiol, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Soil & Water Sci, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Arnon, S, Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Zuckerberg Inst Water Res, Dept Environm Hydrol & Microbiol, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. EM shuya@bgumail.bgu.ac.il eilon@bgumail.bgu.ac.il zeevrone@bgumail.bgu.ac.il alexy@bgumail.bgu.ac.il nativr@agri.huji.ac.il CR *APHA, 1995, STAND METH EX WAT WA ARNON S, 2004, THESIS BENGURION U N AVNIMELECH Y, 1964, SOIL SCI, V98, P222 BAVEYE P, 1998, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V28, P123 BECKER MW, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P1677 BLOOMFIELD J, 2003, I1 BOYLE AW, 1999, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V65, P1133 BROWN DA, 1994, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V60, P3182 CUNNINGHAM AB, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P1305 DAHAN O, 2002, GROUND WATER, V39, P366 DETWILER RL, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P1611 DUPIN HJ, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P1230 DUPIN HJ, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P1513 FUJITA Y, 2000, GEOMICROBIOL J, V17, P305 HARMS H, 1997, J IND MICROBIOL BIOT, V18, P97 HILL DD, 2002, J CONTAM HYDROL, V56, P227 IPPOLITO I, 1994, J CONTAM HYDROL, V16, P87 KIM DS, 2000, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V69, P47 MACLEOD FA, 1988, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V54, P1365 MALOSZEWSKI P, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P2723 MEIGS LC, 2001, WATER RESOUR RES, V37, P1113 NATIV R, 1997, ASSESSMENT GROUNDWAT NATIV R, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P38 NICHOLL MJ, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V35, P3361 OBERDORFER JA, 1985, GROUND WATER, V23, P753 PADILLA L, 2000, J BASIC MICROB, V40, P243 POLAK A, 2003, WATER RESOUR RES, V39 ROCKHOLD ML, 2002, ADV WATER RESOUR, V25, P477 RONEN Z, 2000, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V66, P2372 RONEN Z, 2000, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V32, P1643 ROSS N, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P2029 ROSSI L, 2002, J TURBUL, V3 SAADI L, 2003, THESIS BENGURION U B SCHAFER D, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V31, P187 SEKI K, 1998, EUR J SOIL SCI, V49, P231 SHARP RR, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V39, P195 TANG DH, 1981, WATER RESOUR RES, V17, P555 TAYLOR SW, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P2153 TAYLOR SW, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P2161 TAYLOR SW, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P2171 THULLNER M, 2002, J CONTAM HYDROL, V58, P169 TURNER JP, 1995, P NAT C INN TECHN SI, P101 VANBEEK CGEM, 1984, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V76, P66 VANDEVIVERE P, 1992, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V58, P1690 VANDEVIVERE P, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1 VANDEVIVERE P, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P3280 WEFERROEHL A, 2001, CHEMOSPHERE, V44, P1121 WHITELEY M, 2001, NATURE, V413, P860 WOLFAARDT GM, 1995, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V61, P152 NR 49 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 315 EP 336 PG 22 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 900AZ UT ISI:000227189100008 ER PT J AU Weiss, WJ Bouwer, EJ O'Melia, CR Aboytes, R Le, BT Schwab, KJ TI Field and column studies to evaluate removal of pathogens and potential surrogate parameters during riverbank filtration. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jweiss@jhu.edu NR 0 TC 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AMER CHEM SOC JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 PN Part 1 BP U633 EP U633 PG 1 SC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary GA 851UZ UT ISI:000223712802537 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Magesan, GN Bolan, NS TI An overview of the environmental effects of land application of farm effluents SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE effluent; farm dairy; irrigation; land application; pasture; piggery; wastewater ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; DAIRY SHED EFFLUENT; SWINE MANURE; NEW-ZEALAND; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; ESTROGENIC HORMONES; FECAL CONTAMINATION; LIVESTOCK WASTES; NORTH-CAROLINA; SOIL AB New Zealand dairy and pig farms generate significant amounts of effluents that contain high concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P), and various trace contaminants (e.g., heavy metals, organic compounds, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals). Land application is a preferred option for farm effluent management. Regulations have been imposed to limit the land application of farm effluent to 150200 kg N ha I to minimise potential leaching loss of nitrate to groundwater. However, focusing mainly on nutrient recycling from farm effluent application has resulted in the effects of other effluent constituents, such as microbial pathogens, heavy metals, odorants and oestrogens, on the receiving ecosystems being overlooked. In this literature review, we assess land-applied farm effluents and their beneficial and potentially adverse effects on the receiving environment. Long-term application of farm effluent based on N loading can lead to P and heavy metal accumulation in the soil. High concentrations of K in effluent are likely to cause pasture nutrient imbalance and induce animal health problems. Recently, there has been some research interest in the role of runoff P in eutrophication of receiving water, effluent-derived pathogen survival and movement in soil ecosystems, effect of effluent-borne dissolved organic matter on pesticide transport in soil profile, and degradation of oestrogens in land-applied effluent. Further research in these areas in New Zealand is needed to help sustain the agricultural industry. C1 Forest Res, Rotorua, New Zealand. Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Wang, HL, Forest Res, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand. 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Z. J. Agric. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 389 EP 403 PG 15 SC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary GA 894JI UT ISI:000226786900002 ER PT J AU Kittigul, L Ekchaloemkiet, S Utrarachkij, F Siripanichgon, K Sujirarat, D Pungchitton, S Boonthum, A TI An efficient virus concentration method and RT-nested PCR for detection of rotaviruses in environmental water samples SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE virus concentration method; RT-nested PCR; rotaviruses; water samples ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; DRINKING-WATER; SEWAGE; ENTEROVIRUSES; GROUNDWATER; SURVIVAL; GASTROENTERITIS; INHIBITORS; OUTBREAK AB Water samples were concentrated by the modified adsorption-elution technique followed by speedVac reconcentration of the filter eluates. Reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR) was used to detect rotavirus RNA in concentrates of the water. The detection limit of the rotavirus determined by RT-nested PCR alone was about 1.67 plaque forming units (PFU) per RT-PCR assay and that by RT-nested PCR combined with concentration from I I seeded tap water sample was 1.46 plaque forming units per assay. Water samples were collected from various sources, concentrated, and determined rotavirus RNA. Of 120 water samples, rotavirus RNA was detected in 20 samples (16.7%); 2/10 (20%) of the river samples, 8/30 (26.7%) of the canal samples, and 10/40 (25%) of the sewage samples but was not found in any tap water samples (0/40). Only three water samples were positive for rotavirus antigen determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Alignment analysis of the sequenced PCR product (346-bp fragment) was performed in eight rotavirus-positive samples using the rotavirus sequence deposited in the GenBank. All samples gave the correct VP7 sequence. Results of analysis showed two samples similar to human rotavirus (97-98%), five similar to rotavirus G9 sequence (94-99%), and one sample similar to animal rotavirus (97%). PCR inhibitors were not observed in any concentrated water samples. In all 20 (of 120) samples where rotaviruses were found, fecal coliforms including Escherichia coli were also found, but of the samples testing negative for rotaviruses, 76 were fecal coliforms positive and 69 were E. coli positive. The combination of the virus concentration method and RT-nested PCR described below made it possible to effectively detect rotaviruses in environmental water samples. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Rural Hlth Training & Res Ctr, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Kittigul, L, Mahidol Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Dept Microbiol, 420-1 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM phlkt@mahidol.ac.th CR ABBASZADEGAN M, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P1318 ABBASZADEGAN M, 1999, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V65, P444 ANSARI SA, 1991, REV INFECT DIS, V13, P448 BAGGI F, 2000, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V38, P3681 CLESCERI LS, 1998, STANDARD METHODS EXA DAHLING DR, 1993, J VIROL METHODS, V45, P137 DUBOIS E, 1997, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V63, P1794 FOUT GS, 2003, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V69, P3158 GAJARDO R, 1995, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V61, P3460 GILGEN M, 1997, INT J FOOD MICROBIOL, V37, P189 GRABOW WOK, 2001, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V43, P1 GRATACAPCAVALLIER, 2000, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V66, P2690 HOPKINS RS, 1984, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V74, P263 HOT D, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P4703 KAPIKIAN AZ, 1996, FIELDS VIROLOGY, P1657 KITTIGUL L, 2000, SE ASIAN J TROP MED, V31, P41 KITTIGUL L, 2001, MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ, V96, P815 KOPECKA H, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P1213 KUKKULA M, 1997, SCAND J INFECT DIS, V29, P415 MANEEKARN N, 2000, PEDIATR INT, V42, P415 PAIROJBORIBOON S, 1989, LAWS STANDARDS POLLU QUEIROZ APS, 2001, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V67, P4614 RAMACHANDRAN M, 2000, VIROLOGY, V278, P436 RAPHAEL RA, 1985, CAN J MICROBIOL, V31, P124 SANTOS N, 1994, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V32, P205 SATTAR SA, 1984, CAN J MICROBIOL, V30, P653 SHIEH YSC, 1995, J VIROL METHODS, V54, P51 NR 27 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METH JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2005 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 SC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 895SH UT ISI:000226883100016 ER PT J AU Tufenkji, N Elimelech, M TI Breakdown of colloid filtration theory: Role of the secondary energy minimum and surface charge heterogeneities SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; BROWNIAN PARTICLES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; DOUBLE-LAYER; TRANSPORT; KINETICS; BACTERIA; RATES; HETEROCOAGULATION AB The mechanisms and causes of deviation from the classical colloid filtration theory (CFT) in the presence of repulsive Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) interactions were investigated. The deposition behavior of uniform polystyrene latex colloids in columns packed with spherical soda-lime glass beads was systematically examined over a broad range of physicochemical conditions, whereby both the fluid-phase effluent particle concentration and the profile of retained particles were measured. Experiments conducted with three different-sized particles in a simple (1:1) electrolyte solution reveal the controlling influence of secondary minimum deposition on the deviation from CFT. In a second series of experiments, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was added to the background electrolyte solution with the intent of masking near-neutrally charged regions of particle and collector surfaces. These results indicate that the addition of a small amount of anionic surfactant is sufficient to reduce the influence of certain surface charge inhomogeneities on the deviation from CFT. To verify the validity of CFT in the absence of surface charge heterogeneities, a third set of experiments was conducted using solutions of high pH to mask the influence of metal oxide impurities on glass bead surfaces. The results demonstrate that both secondary minimum deposition and surface charge heterogeneities contribute significantly to the deviation from CFT generally observed in colloid deposition studies. It is further shown that agreement with CFT is obtained even in the presence of an energy barrier (i.e., repulsive colloidal interactions), suggesting that it is not the general existence of repulsive conditions which causes deviation but rather the combined occurrence of "fast" and "slow" particle deposition. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada. Yale Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Tufenkji, N, McGill Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 3640 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada. EM nathalie.tufenkji@mcgill.ca CR ADAMCZYK Z, 1983, ADV COLLOID INTERFAC, V19, P183 ALBINGER O, 1994, FEMS MICROBIOL LETT, V124, P321 BAYGENTS JC, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1596 BOLSTER CH, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V35, P1797 BOWEN BD, 1979, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V72, P81 CAMESANO TA, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1699 CHEN JY, 2001, COLLOID SURFACE A, V191, P3 DERJAGUIN BV, 1941, ACTA PHYSICOCHIM URS, V14, P733 ELIMELECH M, 1989, THESIS J HOPKINS U ELIMELECH M, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P1528 ELIMELECH M, 1990, LANGMUIR, V6, P1153 ELIMELECH M, 1995, DEPOSITION AGGREGATI ELIMELECH M, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P2143 FRANCHI A, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1122 GREGORY J, 1980, COLLOID SURFACE, V1, P313 GREGORY J, 1981, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V83, P138 GROLIMUND D, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3562 HAHN MW, 2004, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V38, P210 HAHN MW, 2004, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V38, P5915 HARVEY RW, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P178 HOGG R, 1966, T FARADAY SOC, V62, P1638 HULL M, 1969, T FARADAY SOC, V65, P3093 KIHIRA H, 1992, J CHEM SOC FARADAY T, V88, P2379 KIHIRA H, 1992, LANGMUIR, V8, P2855 LI XQ, 2004, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V38, P5616 LITTON GM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P185 LITTON GM, 1994, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V165, P522 LITTON GM, 1996, COLLOID SURFACE A, V107, P273 MARTIN MJ, 1996, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V122, P407 MASLIYAH JH, 1994, ELECTROKINETIC TRANS MCCARTHY JF, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P496 MCDOWELLBOYER LM, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P1901 MCDOWELLBOYER LM, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P586 OTTEWILL RH, 1972, J ELECTROANAL CHEM, V37, P133 PRIEVE DC, 1978, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V64, P201 REDMAN JA, 2001, COLLOID SURFACE A, V191, P57 REDMAN JA, 2004, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V38, P1777 RUCKENSTEIN E, 1973, J CHEM SOC F2, V69, P1522 RYAN JN, 1996, COLLOID SURFACE A, V107, P1 SCHIJVEN JF, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P2186 SIMONI SF, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P2100 SONG LF, 1993, J CHEM SOC FARADAY T, V89, P3443 SONG LF, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1164 SPIELMAN LA, 1974, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V46, P22 TIEN C, 1979, AICHE J, V25, P737 TOBIASON JE, 1987, THESIS J HOPKINS U TOBIASON JE, 1988, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V80, P54 TUFENKJI N, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, A422 TUFENKJI N, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P616 TUFENKJI N, 2004, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V38, P529 TUFENKJI N, 2004, LANGMUIR, V20, P10881 VERWEY EJW, 1948, THEORY STABILITY LYO YAO KM, 1971, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V5, P1105 NR 53 TC 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 841 EP 852 PG 12 SC Chemistry, Physical GA 891XL UT ISI:000226614200010 ER PT J AU Wu, FC Cai, YR Evans, D Dillon, P TI Complexation between Hg(II) and dissolved organic matter in stream waters: an application of fluorescence spectroscopy SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE complexation; dissolved organic matter; fluorescence; mercury; kinetics; streams ID FULVIC-ACID; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; METAL-IONS; LAKE BIWA; COPPER(II); LIGANDS; MERCURY; CARBON; FRACTIONATION; PHOSPHORUS AB Complexation between Hg(II) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected from streams in Ontario, Canada, was studied using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (3DEEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that DOM reacted with Hg(II) rapidly, and the complexation reached pseudo-equilibrium within 20 s. Maximum excitation/emission (Ex/Em) wavelengths shifted towards the longer wavelengths, indicating that DOM structure changed during its interaction with Hg(II). Using fluorescence quenching titrations, complexing parameters, conditional stability constants and the percentage of fluorophores participating in the complexation, were estimated by the modified Stern-Volmer equation. The experimental and field survey results suggest that the Hg-DOM complexation in various streams was related to water quality parameters, e.g. DOC, Cl-, and cation concentrations, and was strongly affected by UV irradiation. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Environm & Resource Studies Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Wu, FC, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. EM fcwu@hotmail.com CR BERTILSSON S, 2000, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V45, P753 BIDOGLIO G, 1994, CHEM AQUATIC SYSTEMS, P97 CABANISS SE, 1988, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V52, P185 CABANISS SE, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P1133 CHEN RF, 2002, DEEP-SEA RES PT II, V49, P4439 COBLE PG, 1996, MAR CHEM, V51, P325 DASILVA JCGE, 1998, TALANTA, V45, P1155 DILLON PJ, 1991, J ENVIRON QUAL, V20, P857 DILLON PJ, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P2591 FJELD E, 1993, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V50, P1158 KALBITZ K, 1998, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V209, P27 KULOVAARA M, 1996, CHEMOSPHERE, V33, P783 LEE YH, 1991, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V56, P309 LEERMAKERS M, 1995, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V80, P641 LIN CF, 1995, ENVIRON POLLUT, V87, P181 LOVGREN L, 1989, WATER RES, V23, P327 LU XQ, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P1793 MOLOT LA, 1997, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V11, P357 MOPPER K, 1993, MAR CHEM, V41, P229 NEARY BP, 1990, ACIDIFICATION ONTARI RYAN DK, 1982, ANAL CHEM, V54, P986 SAAR RA, 1980, ANAL CHEM, V52, P2095 SENESI N, 1990, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V232, P77 SMART PL, 1976, WATER RES, V10, P805 SMITH DS, 1998, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V363, P21 WATRAS CJ, 1995, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V84, P253 WU F, 2001, ORG GEOCHEM, V32, P11 WU FC, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3646 WU FC, 2001, GEOCHEM J, V35, P333 WU FC, 2002, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V452, P85 YIN YJ, 1997, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V341, P73 NR 31 TC 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD DEC PY 2004 VL 71 IS 3 BP 339 EP 351 PG 13 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences GA 892RH UT ISI:000226667200004 ER PT J AU Jackson, E Delwiche, M Barak, J Charkowski, A Suslow, T TI Sensor components for PCR detection of Salmonella in alfalfa sprout irrigation water SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE biosensor food safety; pathogens; real-time PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BIOSENSOR; BACTERIA; AMPLIFICATION; SAMPLES; ASSAY AB Salmonella has been associated with a number of recent outbreaks of foodborne illness involving sprouted seeds. In this research, we addressed the design of sensor components intended for use in a fully automated detection system. A real-time PCR assay was developed to detect Salmonella in sprout irrigation water. Specific detection was achieved by targeting a region of the invasion gene, invA. The detection limit for Salmonella in sterile water was approximately 400 CFU, and in sprout irrigation water the detection limit was approximately 200 CFU. Components for an automated sensing system were designed, including a thermal cycler and a fluorescent optical sensor The thermal cycler utilized a thermoelectric module for heating and cooling the sample block and a heat sink and fan to remove heat from the module during cooling. Sample temperature was controlled to within about 1degreesC at each of the PCR setpoints (94degreesC, 55degreesC, and 72degreesC). The optical sensor used a laser diode (635 nm) for excitation and a bandpass interference filter (700 +/- 20 nm) coupled with a photodiode for fluorescence detection. The DNA dye TO-PRO-3 (642 nm excitation; 661 nm emission) was chosen to match the excitation wavelength of the laser diode. Calibration of the optical sensor with calf thymus DNA showed detection down to 0.01 mug mL(-1), demonstrating the potential to detect down to 1 CFU if used in conjunction with PCR. When the sensor components were used to implement the real-time assay, S. Newport was detected to approximately 7.3 x 10(4) CFU in sterile water and approximately 1.5 x 10(6) CFU in sprout irrigation water. Further optimization of the assay in the sensor will be needed to improve the detection limits. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Veg Crops, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Delwiche, M, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1 Shield Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mjdelwiche@ucdavis.edu CR 1999, FED REG, V64, P57893 *CDC, 2002, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V51, P7 ABBASZADEGAN M, 1999, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V65, P444 ABDELHAMID I, 1999, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V399, P99 ANDREWS WH, 1982, J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM, V65, P241 BELGRADER P, 1999, SCIENCE, V284, P449 BELL C, 2002, SALMONELLA PRACTICAL BREIMER MA, 2003, BIOSENS BIOELECTRON, V18, P1135 BRUCKNERLEA CJ, 2002, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V469, P129 CHARKOWSKI AO, 2002, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V68, P3114 CHIU CH, 1996, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V34, P2619 CROSA JH, 1973, J BACTERIOL, V115, P307 EDWARDS RA, 2002, TRENDS MICROBIOL, V10, P94 HIGGINS JA, 2003, BIOSENS BIOELECTRON, V18, P1115 IVNITSKI D, 1999, BIOSENS BIOELECTRON, V14, P599 JACKSON ES, 2002, THESIS U CALIFORNIA JENISON R, 2001, BIOSENS BIOELECTRON, V16, P757 MASCINI M, 2001, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V369, P15 NORTHRUP MA, 1998, ANAL CHEM, V70, P918 OGUNJIMI AA, 1999, FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC, V23, P213 TOMBELLI S, 2000, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V418, P1 WOOLLEY AT, 1996, ANAL CHEM, V68, P4081 NR 22 TC 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 TRANS ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2137 EP 2144 PG 8 SC Agricultural Engineering GA 890GE UT ISI:000226498900027 ER PT S AU Eckford, RE Fedorak, PM TI Using nitrate to control microbially-produced hydrogen sulfide in oil field waters SO PETROLEUM BIOTECHNOLOGY: DEVELOPMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; RESERVOIR MODEL COLUMN; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; PARACOCCUS-DENITRIFICANS; THIOSPHAERA-PANTOTROPHA; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; REDUCTION; NITRITE; INHIBITION C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Eckford, RE, Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. CR ADKINS JP, 1992, GEOMICROBIOL J, V10, P87 AKAGI JM, 1995, SULFATE REDUCING BAC, P89 ARPENTER WT, 1932, WATER WORKS SEWERAGE, V79, P175 AZADPOUR A, 1996, J IND MICROBIOL, V16, P263 BARTH T, 1991, APPL GEOCHEM, V6, P1 BARTON LL, 1995, SULFATE REDUCING BAC BARTON LL, 1995, SULFATE REDUCING BAC, P1 BEAUCHAMP EG, 1989, ADV SOIL SCI, V10, P113 BEECH IB, 2002, ENCY ENV MICROBIOLOG, P465 BERTNESS TA, 1989, SURFACE OPERATIONS P, P283 BHARATHI PAL, 1997, J MAR BIOTECHNOL, V5, P172 BOIVIN J, 1995, MATER PERFORMANCE, V34, P65 BRINK DE, 1994, APPL MICROBIOL BIOT, V42, P469 CAROTHERS WW, 1978, AAPG BULL, V62, P2441 CASTRO HF, 2000, FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL, V31, P1 COCHRANE WJ, 1988, SPE EUR PETR C LOND COLLINS AG, 1985, ENHANCED OIL RECOVER, V1, P151 CORDRUWISCH R, 1987, J PETROL TECHNOL, V39, P97 CYPIONKA H, 1995, SULFATE REDUCING BAC, P151 DALSGAARD T, 1994, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V60, P291 DAVIDOVA I, 2001, J IND MICROBIOL BIOT, V27, P80 ECKFORD RE, 2002, J IND MICROBIOL BIOT, V29, P243 ECKFORD RE, 2002, J IND MICROBIOL BIOT, V29, P83 FARQUHAR GB, 1998, CORROS PREVENT CONTR, V45, P51 FAUGUE GD, 1995, SULFATE REDUCING BAC, P217 FIULIANO FA, 1989, INTRO GAS OIL TECHNO FRAZER LC, 1991, INT ARCT TECHN C ANC GEVERTZ D, 1995, P 5 INT C MICR ENH O, P295 GEVERTZ D, 2000, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V66, P2491 GREENE EA, 2003, ENVIRON MICROBIOL, V5, P607 HANSEN TA, 1993, SULFATE REDUCING BAC, P21 HEIDER J, 1999, FEMS MICROBIOL REV, V22, P459 HERBERT B, 2003, RESERVOIR MICROBIOLO, V9 HITZMAN DO, 1994, 9 S IMPR OIL REC TUL IKEDA A, 1978, CHEM ECON ENG REV, V10, P12 IVERSON WP, 1984, PETROLEUM MICROBIOLO, P633 JACK TR, 1993, MORE MEOR OVERVIEW M, P7 JACK TR, 1995, SULFATE REDUCING BAC, P265 JACOB HE, 1970, METHOD MICROBIOL, V2, P93 JENNEMAN GE, 1986, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V51, P1205 JENNEMAN GE, 1986, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V51, P776 JENNEMAN GE, 1996, P 3 INT PE TR ENV C, V2, P693 JENNEMAN GE, 1997, 1997 SPE ANN TECHN C JENNEMAN GE, 1999, SPE PROD FACIL, V14, P219 LACATENA RM, 2003, 2 INT C PETR BIOT ME LARSEN J, 2002, P NACE EXP 2002 ANN LAWRANCE WA, 1950, SEWAGE IND WASTES, V22, P820 LONDRY KL, 1999, J IND MICROBIOL BIOT, V22, P582 LUDWIG W, 1993, INT J SYST BACTERIOL, V43, P363 MACHEL HG, 2000, MICROBIAL SEDIMENTS, P105 MACHEL HG, 2001, SEDIMENT GEOL, V140, P143 MAGOT M, 2000, ANTON LEEUW INT J G, V77, P103 MANZANO BK, 1997, ORG GEOCHEM, V27, P507 MCCREADY RGL, 1983, CAN J MICROBIOL, V29, P231 MCINERNEY MJ, 1992, J IND MICROBIOL, V11, P53 MCINERNEY MJ, 1993, MICROBIAL ENHANCEMEN, P363 MCINERNEY MJ, 1996, APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH, V57, P933 MITCHELL GJ, 1986, ARCH MICROBIOL, V144, P35 MOURA I, 1997, ANAEROBE, V3, P279 MYHR S, 2000, INT J SYST EVOL MI 4, V50, P1611 MYHR S, 2002, APPL MICROBIOL BIOT, V58, P400 NEMATI M, 2001, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V74, P424 NEMATI M, 2001, BIOTECHNOL PROGR, V17, P852 ODOM JM, 1992, SULFATE REDUCING BAC PFENNIG N, 1981, PROKARYOTES HDB HABI, V1, P926 PODUSKA RA, 1981, J WATER POLLUT CONTR, V53, P299 POSTGATE JR, 1979, SULPHATE REDUCING BA POSTGATE JR, 1984, SULPHATE REDUCING BA RAINEY FA, 1999, INT J SYST BACTERI 2, V49, P645 REINSEL MA, 1996, J IND MICROBIOL, V17, P128 ROBERTSON LA, 1983, J GEN MICROBIOL, V129, P2847 ROSE SC, 1989, DESIGN ENG ASPECTS W ROSNES JT, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P2302 SEITZ HJ, 1986, ARCH MICROBIOL, V146, P63 SELLEY RC, 1998, ELEMENTS PETROLEUM G, P296 STECHER PG, 1972, HYDROGEN SULFIDE REM, P1 SUBLETTE KL, 1989, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V34, P565 SUBLETTE KL, 1993, 26396 SOC PETR ENG SUBLETTE KL, 1994, ENV GEOCHEMISTRY SUL, P68 TELANG AJ, 1997, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V63, P1785 TELANG AJ, 1999, CAN J MICROBIOL, V45, P905 THAUER RK, 1977, BACTERIOL REV, V41, P100 THORSTENSON T, 2002, P NACE EXPO 2002 ANN TIEDJE JM, 1988, BIOL ANAEROBIC MICRO, P179 TISSOT BP, 1984, PETROLEUM FORMATION TUTTLE RN, 1981, H2S CORROSION OIL GA, P1018 VOORDOUW G, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P3070 WHITE D, 1995, PHYSL BIOCH PROKARYO WIDDEL F, 2001, CURR OPIN BIOTECH, V12, P259 WRIGHT CC, 1989, SURFACE OPERATIONS P, V2, P319 WRIGHT M, 1997, P 4 INT P ETR ENV C NR 91 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2004 VL 151 BP 307 EP 340 PG 34 GA BBL10 UT ISI:000225982900011 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Coplen, TB Haas, NL Saad, DA Borchardt, MA TI Investigating surface water-well interaction using stable isotope ratios of water SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bank filtration; hydrogen isotope ratio; oxygen isotope ratio; drinking water; age dating; temperature; travel time; black river ID GROUNDWATER AGE; RIVER; O-18; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; VULNERABILITY; TRANSPORT; DEUTERIUM; HYDROGEN; TRACERS; SYSTEM AB Because surface water can be a source of undesirable water quality in a drinking water well, an understanding of the amount of surface water and its travel time to the well is needed to assess a well's vulnerability. Stable isotope ratios of oxygen in river water at the City of La Crosse, Wisconsin, show peak-to-peak seasonal variation greater than 4parts per thousand in 2001 and 2002. This seasonal signal was identified in 7 of 13 city municipal wells, indicating that these 7 wells have appreciable surface water contributions and are potentially vulnerable to contaminants in the surface water. When looking at wells with more than 6 sampling events, a larger variation in delta(18)O compositions correlated with a larger fraction of surface water, suggesting that samples collected for oxygen isotopic composition over time may be useful for identifying the vulnerability to surface water influence even if a local meteoric water line is not available. A time series of 6180 from one of the municipal wells and from a piezometer located between the river and the municipal well showed that the travel time of flood water to the municipal well was approximately 2 months; non-flood arrival times were on the order of 9 months. Four independent methods were also used to assess time of travel. Three methods (groundwater temperature arrival times at the intermediate piezometer, virus-culture results, and particle tracking using a numerical groundwater-flow model) yielded flood and non-flood travel times of less than 1 year for this site. Age dating of one groundwater sample using H-3-He-3 methods estimated an age longer than I year, but was likely confounded by deviations from piston flow as noted by others. Chlorofluorocarbons and SF6 analyses were not useful at this site due to degradation and contamination, respectively. This work illustrates the utility of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of water to determine the contribution and travel time of surface water in groundwater, and demonstrates the importance of using multiple methods to improve estimates for time of travel of 1 year or less. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Microbiol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Hunt, RJ, US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Lane, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov CR *US GEOL SURV, 2003, 3H 3HE SAMPL COLL *US GEOL SURV, 2003, SF6 SAMPL BERENDES TH, 2002, COMMUNICATION 1004 BETHKE CM, 2000, GROUND WATER, V40, P337 BETHKE CM, 2002, GEOLOGY, V30, P107 BORCHARDT MA, 2004, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V70, P5937 BUSENBERG E, 1992, WATER RESOUR RES, V28, P2257 BUSENBERG E, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P3011 CHAPEL DM, 2003, 200302 WISC GEOL NAT CHAPEL DM, 2003, 200303 WISC GEOL NAT CLARK I, 1997, ENV ISOTOPES HYDROLO COPLEN TB, 1991, ANAL CHEM, V63, P910 COPLEN TB, 1994, PURE APPL CHEM, V66, P273 COPLEN TB, 1999, ENV TRACERS SUBSURFA, P79 COPLEN TB, 2000, 00160 US GEOL SURV DEBORDE DC, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P825 EPSTEIN S, 1953, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V4, P213 EVERS S, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P49 FOGG GE, 1999, GEOPH MONOG SERIES, V108, P45 FRITZ P, 1981, STABLE ISOTOPE HYDRO, P196 GAT JR, 1970, ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY, P109 GOODE DJ, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P289 HOTZL H, 1989, CONTAMINANT TRANSPOR, P65 HUNT RJ, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P434 HUNT RJ, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P702 HUNT RJ, 2003, 034154 US GEOL SURV KENDALL C, 2001, HYDROL PROCESS, V15, P1363 KOLPIN DW, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1202 KRABBENHOFT DP, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P2455 LUDIN A, 1997, MASS SPECTROMETRIC M MALOSZEWSKI P, 1990, IAHS PUBLICATION, V173, P153 MAZOR E, 1997, APPL CHEM ISOTOPIC G MCCARTHY KA, 1992, J HYDROL, V135, P1 MCDONALD MG, 1988, MODULAR 3 DIMENSIONA OSTER H, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P2989 PINT CD, 2003, GROUND WATER, V41, P895 POLLOCK DW, 1994, 94464 US GEOL SURVEY SHEETS RA, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P162 STICHLER W, 1979, ISOTOPES LAKE STUDES, P115 STICHLER W, 1986, J HYDROL, V83, P355 WEISSMANN GS, 2002, WATER RESOURCES RES, V38 YATES MV, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V49, P778 YATES MV, 1988, CRC CRIT R ENVIRON, V17, P307 YOUNG HL, 1992, 1405 B GEOL SURVEY P NR 44 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 302 IS 1-4 BP 154 EP 172 PG 19 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 888TG UT ISI:000226396500010 ER PT J AU Gollnitz, WD Whitteberry, BL Vogt, JA TI Riverbank filtration: Induced infiltration and groundwater quality SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Riverbank filtration relies on the stream bed and aquifer matrixes to reduce pathogens under varying conditions of induced infiltration resulting from changes in river stage and flow velocity. The Greater Cincinnati (Ohio) Water Works monitored hydrologic parameters and water quality at its Charles M. Bolton Well field during a comprehensive flowpath study. The study determined the frequency of occurrence of high river-stage events from historical data and monitored hydrologic parameters to estimate the potential unit infiltration rate. Giardia, Cryptosporidium, algae, spores, particle counts, and turbidity were also monitored. The project investigated potential pathogen/surrogate breakthrough during several high river-stage and infiltration events. High-stage events occurred less than 4% of the time. Giardia and Cryptosporidium were not detected in any groundwater samples. Increases in surrogate concentrations were minimal and maintained > 3.5-log reduction. The streambed and aquifer have the ability to buffer water quality effects from major increases in the infiltration rate. C1 GCWW, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. RP Gollnitz, WD, GCWW, 5651 Kellogg Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. EM William.Gollnitz@gcww.cincinnati-oh.gov CR *USEPA, 1989, FED REGISTER, V54, P27486 *USEPA, 2003, 815D03009 USEPA *USGS, 1999, GREAT MIAM RIV STREA BUCHANAN TJ, 1968, APPL HYDRAULICS CARTER RW, 1968, APPL HYDRAULIC FETTER CW, 1988, APPL HYDROGEOLOGY GOLLNITZ WD, 2002, RIVERBANK FILTRATION GOLLNITZ WD, 2003, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V95, P56 HEINEMANN TJ, 1996, P AWWA WQTC TOR KUEHN W, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P60 LANE EW, 1953, RIVER MORPHOLOGY LEOPOLD LB, 1992, FLUVIAL PROCESSES GE MCDONALD MG, 1988, MODULAR 3 DIMENSIONA SHEETS RA, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P162 SMITH RC, 1962, CINCINNATI WATER WOR SPIEKER AM, 1968, 605A US GEOL SURV WALTON WC, 1967, B U MINNESOTA WATER, V6 WANG JZ, 2002, EVALUATION RIVERBANK YOST WP, 1995, 95357 US GEOL SURV NR 19 TC 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 98 EP 110 PG 13 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 888QM UT ISI:000226389300016 ER PT J AU Mays, DC Hunt, JR TI Hydrodynamic aspects of particle clogging in porous media SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEEP-BED FILTRATION; DEPOSIT MORPHOLOGY; HEAD LOSS; TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; DYNAMICS; DEPTH AB Data from 6 filtration studies, representing 43 experiments, are analyzed with a simplified version of the single-parameter O'Melia and Ali clogging model. The model parameter displays a systematic dependence on fluid velocity, which was an independent variable in each study. A cake filtration model also explains the data from one filtration study by varying a single, velocity-dependent parameter, highlighting that clogging models, because they are empirical, are not unique. Limited experimental data indicate exponential depth dependence of particle accumulation, whose impact on clogging is quantified with an extended O'Melia and Ali model. The resulting two-parameter model successfully describes the increased clogging that is always observed in the top segment of a filter. However, even after accounting for particle penetration, the two-parameter model suggests that a velocity-dependent parameter representing deposit morphology must also be included to explain the data. Most of the experimental data are described by the single-parameter O'Melia and Ali model, and the model parameter is correlated to the collector Peclet number. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mays, DC, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mays@ce.berkeley.edu CR ALABDUWANI FAH, 2003, EUR FORM DAM C HAG N BAI RB, 1997, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V186, P307 BAVEYE P, 1998, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V28, P123 BEAR J, 1972, DYNAMICS FLUIDS PORO BEDRIKOVETSKY P, 2001, J PETROL SCI ENG, V32, P167 BOLLER MA, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P1139 BRODSKY EE, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA, V108 BURGANOS VN, 2001, AICHE J, V47, P880 CHANG JW, 1985, THESIS ASIAN I TECHN CLEASBY JL, 1963, J AWWA, V55, P869 DARBY JL, 1992, WATER RES, V26, P711 ELIMELECH E, 1995, PARTICLE DEPOSITION HUNT JR, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P1099 KAU SM, 1995, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V121, P850 KIA SF, 1987, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V118, P158 KRETZSCHMAR R, 1999, ADV AGRON, V66, P121 LEE DJ, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P1 LEE N, 2001, FOOD AGR IMMUNOL, V13, P5 MCDOWELLBOYER LM, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P1901 NARAYAN R, 1997, IND ENG CHEM RES, V36, P4620 OMELIA CR, 1978, PROG WATER TECHNOL, V10, P167 PACKMAN AI, 2003, WATER RESOUR RES, V39 PERERA YAP, 1982, THESIS ASIAN I TECHN QUIRK JP, 1955, J SOIL SCI, V6, P163 RYAN JN, 1996, COLLOID SURFACE A, V107, P1 SONNTAG RC, 1986, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V113, P399 TIAB D, 1996, PETROPHYSICS TIEN C, 1989, GRANULAR FILTRATION TOBIASON JE, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P335 VEERAPANENI S, 1994, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V162, P110 VEERAPANENI S, 1996, THESIS RICE U HOUSTO VEERAPANENI S, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P2738 VIGNESWARAN S, 1989, WATER RES, V23, P1413 WIESNER MR, 1999, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V125, P1124 WRIGHT AM, 1982, THESIS U CALIFORNIA NR 35 TC 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 577 EP 584 PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 889KG UT ISI:000226441300031 ER PT J AU Long, SC Plummer, JD TI Assessing land use impacts on water quality using microbial source tracking SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE watershed management; land use management; water quality; source water protection; nonpoint source pollution; microbial source tracking; seasonal impacts; rainfall event impacts ID ANIMAL FECAL POLLUTION; INDICATOR BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RHODOCOCCUS-COPROPHILUS; BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS; BACTERIOPHAGES; CONTAMINATION; SURFACE; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB A renewed emphasis on source water protection and watershed management has resulted from recent amendments and initiatives under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Clean Water Act. Knowledge of the impact of land use choices on source water quality is critical for efforts to properly manage activities within a watershed. This study evaluated qualitative relationships between land use and source water quality and the quantitative impact of season and rainfall events on water quality parameters. High levels of specific conductance tended to be associated with dense residential development, while organic carbon was elevated at several forested sites. Turbidity was generally higher in more urbanized areas. Source tracking indicators were detected in samples where land use types would predict their presence. Coliform levels were statistically different at the 95 percent confidence levels for winter versus summer conditions and dry versus wet weather conditions. Other water quality parameters that varied with season were organic carbon, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance. These results indicate that land use management can be effective for mitigating impacts to a water body; however, year-round, comprehensive data are necessary to thoroughly evaluate the water quality at a particular site. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Long, SC, Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 18 Marston Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM long@ecs.umass.edu CR *APHA AWWA WEF, 1998, STAND METH EX WAT WA *AWWA, 1999, WAT QUAL TREAT *MDC, 1995, SAN SURV 1995 *USEPA, 1996, 841R96002 EPA OFF WA *USGS, 2004, 1095220 USGS ADAMS MH, 1959, BACTERIOPHAGES AIKEN G, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P36 ARANGO C, 2000, THESIS U MASSACHUSET ARNOLD CL, 1996, J AM PLANN ASSOC, V62, P243 AUER MT, 1993, WATER RES, V27, P693 BAUDART J, 2000, J ENVIRON QUAL, V29, P241 BEERENS H, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P2418 BERKA C, 2001, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V127, P389 BUERGE IJ, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P691 BURBY RJ, 1983, DRINKING WATER SUPPL CARSON CA, 2003, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V69, P1836 CRONAN CS, 1999, J ENVIRON QUAL, V28, P953 DEVORE JL, 2000, PROBABILITY STAT ENG DOMBEK PE, 2000, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V66, P2572 EDWARDS DR, 1997, T ASAE, V40, P103 ERKENBRECHER CW, 1981, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V42, P484 FAJARDO JJ, 2001, J SOIL WATER CONSERV, V56, P185 FOX KR, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P87 GERBA CP, 1987, PHAGE ECOLOGY, P197 GILPIN B, 2003, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V47, P39 GREGOR J, 2002, NEW ZEAL J MAR FRESH, V36, P387 HAVELAAR AH, 1987, MICROBIOL SCI, V4, P362 HEM JD, 1985, 2254 US GEOL WAT SUP HOWELL JM, 1995, J ENVIRON QUAL, V24, P411 HUNTER C, 1991, WATER RES, V25, P447 HUNTER C, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P3577 JAGALS P, 1995, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V31, P235 JAWSON MD, 1982, J ENVIRON QUAL, V11, P621 KAYHANIAN M, 2001, ROADSIDE SAFETY FEAT, V1734, P33 KELSEY H, 2004, J EXPT MARINE BIOL E, V289, P197 LENT RM, 1998, J AM WATER RESOUR AS, V34, P439 LONG SC, 2002, 2645 AM WAT WORKS AS MALLIN MA, 2000, ECOL APPL, V10, P1047 MARA DD, 1985, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V63, P773 MCFETERS GA, 1972, APPL MICROBIOL, V24, P805 MOORHEAD DL, 1998, J ENVIRON HEALTH, V60, P14 ORAGUI JI, 1983, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V46, P356 PERONA E, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V241, P75 POTTER WR, 1988, J ENVIRON QUAL, V17, P27 PUIG A, 1997, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V35, P359 ROWBOTHAM TJ, 1977, J GEN MICROBIOL, V100, P231 SAWYER CN, 1994, CHEM ENV ENG SCHAPER M, 2002, J APPL MICROBIOL, V92, P657 SCHUELER T, 1994, WATERSHED PROTECTION, V1, P100 SCHURTENBERGER P, 1994, LANGMUIR, V10, P100 SCOTT TM, 2003, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V69, P1089 SOBSEY MD, 1990, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V82, P52 SOULSBY C, 2001, HYDROL EARTH SYST SC, V5, P433 STUKEL TA, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P571 TARTERA C, 1987, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V53, P1632 VOLK C, 2002, J ENVIRON MONITOR, V4, P43 WEISKEL PK, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P1872 WHITE SK, 2003, J ENVIRON QUAL, V32, P1802 NR 58 TC 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR ASSOC JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1448 PG 16 SC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 887WI UT ISI:000226335800003 ER PT J AU Kollet, SJ Zlotnik, VA TI Influence of aquifer heterogeneity and return flow on pumping test data interpretation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE unconfined aquifer; pumping test; heterogeneity; aquifer return flow; effective hydraulic parameters; analytical and numerical models ID DELAYED GRAVITY RESPONSE; UNCONFINED AQUIFERS; WATER-TABLE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MODELS; YIELD; WELL; TRANSMISSIVITY; DEPLETION; DRAINAGE AB Analytical solutions of drawdown in unconfined aquifers are widely applied for determining the specific yield, S-y, and the horizontal and the vertical hydraulic conductivity K-r and K-z, respectively. In many previous studies, estimates of S-y and K-z were observed to be highly variable and physically unrealistic. This has been attributed to the conceptualization of flow above the declining water table and aquifer heterogeneity in the applied models. We present the analysis of time-drawdown data from a pumping test instrumented with depth-differentiated observation piezometers arranged in clusters. Applying homogeneous anisotropic aquifer models in combination with nonlinear least squares parameter identification techniques, the data were analyzed in different groups: analysis of data from individual piezometer clusters and simultaneous analysis of the entire data set from all piezometer clusters (global analysis). From the cluster analyses, estimates of S-y and K-z exhibit large variances and depart from a priori estimates inferred from the hydrostratigraphy. Parameter estimates from the global analysis do not fall within the parameter bounds (minimum and maximum values) defined by the cluster analyses. While heterogeneity appears to be the important reason for large parameter variances, we discuss the influence of rarely considered aquifer return flow on drawdown and the inconsistent results from the cluster and global analyses. We corroborate our findings with data on hydraulic gradients, slug test data, and results from the application of a more realistic numerical flow model. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Kollet, SJ, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 700 East Ave,L-206, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. 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Hydrol. PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 300 IS 1-4 BP 267 EP 285 PG 19 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 886JN UT ISI:000226223400018 ER PT J AU Petrunic, BM MacQuarrie, KTB Al, TA TI Reductive dissolution of Mn oxides in river-recharcred aquifers: a laboratory column study SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE river-recharged aquifer; column studies; manganese; reductive dissolution; kinetics ID DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; MANGANESE REDUCTION; ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; BANK FILTRATION; GROUNDWATER; IRON; INFILTRATION; TRANSPORT; WATER AB River-recharged aquifers are developed for drinking water supplies in many parts of the world. Often. however. dissolved organic carbon (DOC) present in the infiltrating river water causes biogeochemical reactions to occur in the adjacent aquifer that create elevated Mn and Fe. Mn concentrations in groundwater from some of the production wells installed in the aquifer at Fredericton, New Brunswick exceed the Canadian Drinking Water Guideline of 9.1 x 10(-4) mmol/l by up to 5.5 x 10(-2) mmol/l has previously been hypothesized that the influx of DOC from the Saint John River is causing bacterially mediated reductive dissolution of Mn oxides in the aquifer system, leading to elevated aqueous Mn concentrations. Previous work was limited to the collection of water samples from production wells and several observation wells installed in the glacial ourwash aquifer. The objective of this study was to investigate the biogeochemical controls on Mn concentrations using sand-filled columns. One column was inoculated with bacteria while a second column was treated with ethanol in order to decrease the microbial population initially present in the system. Both columns received the same influent solution that contained acetate as a source of DOC. The results of the experiments suggested that the two main controls on Mn concentrations in the columns were microbially mediated reductive dissolution of Mn oxides and cation exchange. The conceptual model that was developed based on the experimental data was supported by the results obtained using a one-dimensional reactive-transport model. The reductive dissolution of Mn oxides in the aquifer sands could be adequately simulated using dual-Monod kinetics. Similar trends are observed in the experimental data and field data collected from Production Well 5. located in the Fredericton Aquifer. From the experiments. it is evident that cation-exchange reactions may be an important geochemical control on Mn concentrations during the initial stages of pumping: however. the reductive dissolution of Mn oxides may represent a long-term source of Mn in the drinking water supply. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Brunswick, Dept Geol, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Univ New Brunswick, Dept Civil Engn, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Petrunic, BM, Univ New Brunswick, Dept Geol, POB 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. EM o0bsn@unb.ca CR *FED PROV SUBC DRI, 1996, GUID CAN DRINK WAT Q ALLISON JD, 1990, QA2 PRODEFA2 GEOCHEM APPELO CAJ, 1996, GEOCHEMISTRY GROUNDW BALL JW, 1991, 90129 US GEOL SURV BEAR J, 1987, MODELING GROUNDWATER BOURG ACM, 1989, GEODERMA, V44, P229 BOURG ACM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P661 BOURG ACM, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P868 BURDIGE DJ, 1992, GEOMICROBIOL J, V10, P27 CHAMP DR, 1979, CAN J EARTH SCI, V16, P12 CHEN YM, 1992, WATER RESOUR RES, V28, P1833 CRAWFORD JJ, 1998, BIOL FERT SOILS, V27, P71 DOUSSAN C, 1998, J ENVIRON QUAL, V27, P1418 HALL GEM, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V56, P59 HENDERSHOT WH, 1986, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V50, P605 HISCOCK KM, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P139 JACOBS LA, 1988, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V52, P2693 JARDINE PM, 1988, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V52, P1252 KUEHN W, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P60 LIDE DR, 1997, CRC HDB CHEM PHYS LOVLEY DR, 1988, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V54, P1472 LOVLEY DR, 1988, GEOMICROBIOL J, V6, P145 LOVLEY DR, 1989, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V55, P700 LOVLEY DR, 1992, CATENA, V21, P101 LUDVIGSEN L, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V33, P273 MATSUNAGA T, 1993, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V57, P1691 MYERS CR, 1988, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V52, P2727 MYERS CR, 1988, SCIENCE, V240, P1319 NEALSON KH, 1989, METAL IONS BACTERIA, P383 PARKHURST DL, 2001, 994259 US GEOL SURV PETRUNIC BM, 2002, THESIS U NEW BRUNSWI RITTMANN BE, 1980, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V22, P2359 RITTMANN BE, 1996, REV MINERAL, V34, P311 THOMAS NE, 1991, GEOCHEMISTRY GROUNDW THOMAS NE, 1994, GROUND WATER, V32, P650 TORIDE N, 1995, 137 USDA US SAL LAB VALOCCHI AJ, 1981, GROUND WATER, V19, P600 VIOLETTE GG, 1990, THESIS U NEW BRUNSWI VONGUNTEN HR, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P3597 VONGUNTEN U, 1993, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V57, P3895 WILLIAMSON K, 1976, J WATER POLLUTION CO, V48, P9 NR 41 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 20 PY 2005 VL 301 IS 1-4 BP 163 EP 181 PG 19 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 886QK UT ISI:000226243200013 ER PT J AU Massmann, G Knappe, A Richter, D Pekdeger, A TI Investigating the influence of treated sewage on groundwater and surface water using wastewater indicators in Berlin, Germany SO ACTA HYDROCHIMICA ET HYDROBIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE bank filtration; clogging layer; drinking water; treated wastewater; gadolinium; wastewater reuse ID GADOLINIUM AB Around 70% of Berlin's drinking water derives from bank filtration or artificial recharge. A major advantage of bank filtration is the capability of the subsurface to remove contaminants and save natural groundwater resources. Because the surface water contains elevated amounts of treated sewage, Berlin's system is a semi-closed water cycle relying partly on indirect wastewater reuse. A number of wastewater residues can be traced in the groundwater and serve as a tool to characterise the bank filtration systems. Conservative tracers such as some wastewater indicators and stable isotopes are used to estimate flow velocities and proportions of bank filtrate in the abstraction wells prior to reactive transport evaluations. Examples of tracer applications in the Berlin system are presented in this paper. In addition, an overview is given of results of various studies conducted on contaminant transport and their removal during underground passage of the bank filtrate in Berlin. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Geowissensch Arbeitsbereich Hydrol, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14443 Potsdam, Germany. RP Massmann, G, Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Geowissensch Arbeitsbereich Hydrol, Malteserstr 74-100, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. EM massmann@zedat.fu-berlin.de CR BAU M, 1996, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V143, P245 FRITZ B, 2000, PAST ACHIEVEMENTS FU FRITZ B, 2002, MANAGEMENT AQUIFER R, P95 FRITZ B, 2002, THESIS FREIE U BERLI FRITZ B, 2003, HYDROPLUS GRUNHEID S, 2004, P ANN M WAT CHEM SOC, P75 GRUTZMACHER G, 2002, MANAGEMENT AQUIFER R, P175 HEBERER T, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P175 HEBERER T, 2004, GROUNDWATER MONIT RE, V24 HISCOCK KM, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P139 JAHN D, 1998, DOKUMENTATION NACHHA, P31 JEKEL M, 1997, ORGANISCHE IODVERBIN KNAPPE A, THESIS FREIE U BERLI KNAPPE A, 1999, IAH C P REYKJ IC, P187 KNAPPE A, 2002, MANAGEMENT AQUIFER R, P239 KUMMERER K, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P573 MASSMANN G, 2003, RIVERBANK FILTRATION, P49 MOLLER P, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P2387 PACHUR HJ, 1987, BERLINER GEOGRAPHISC, V44, P1 PEKDEGER A, 1998, GEOWISSENSCHAFT GEOT, P33 RICHTER D, 2003, THESIS SIEVERS J, 2001, THESIS FREIE U BERLI SOMMERVONJAMMER.C, 1992, BERLINER GEOWISSEN A, V140 VERLEGER H, 1988, THESIS FREIE U BERLI ZIEGLER D, 2000, P INT RIV FILTR C RH, P151 ZIEGLER D, 2001, THESIS TU BERLIN ZIEGLER D, 2002, MANAGEMENT AQUIFER R, P161 NR 27 TC 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0323-4320 J9 ACTA HYDROCHIM HYDROBIOL JI Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4-5 BP 336 EP 350 PG 15 SC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 883BX UT ISI:000225986200008 ER PT J AU Ciszewski, D Malik, I Szwarczewski, P TI Pollution of the Mala Panew River sediments by heavy metals: Part II. Effect of changes in river valley morphology SO POLISH JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES LA English DT Review DE river sediments; heavy metals; pollution; valley morphology; fluvial processes AB This paper examines the relations between the dispersal of sediment-borne heavy metals and changes in morphology of the Mala Panew River valley in southern Poland. Sediment samples were taken in 66 vertical profiles up to 60 cm deep, situated at different heights above a water table. Alluvial levels of similar width and height appear with different frequency along river banks within 7 selected 1km-long, river valley reaches. Moreover, heavy metal concentrations at levels of similar height are similar throughout the Mala Panew valley. This suggests that both the width of the river valley over which sediment-associated heavy metals accumulated as well as the volume of these sediments stored within particular river reaches. change downstream. Generally, the wide, natural reaches of the river valley. which have been sinks for metal-associated sediments in the 20(th) century, are ail important secondary pollution source, whereas narrow valley reaches in which flow regulation caused incision of the river channel are mainly transition zones for the polluted sediments conveyed in the river valley. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nat Conservat, Krakow, Poland. Univ Silesia, Fac Earth Sci, PL-41200 Sosnowiec, Poland. Fac Geog & Reg Sci, PL-00927 Warsaw, Poland. RP Ciszewski, D, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nat Conservat, Al Mickiewicza 33, Krakow, Poland. EM ciszewski@iop.krakow.pl CR CISZEWSKI D, POLISH J ENV STUDIES CISZEWSKI D, 2003, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V143, P81 CISZEWSKI D, 2004, CZASOPISMO GEOGRAFIC, V74, P295 CISZEWSKI D, 2004, GEOMORPHOLOGY, V58, P161 CISZEWSKI D, 2004, PRZEGLAD GEOLOGIZNY, V52, P163 GALLART F, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V242, P13 GRAF WL, 1990, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V80, P327 LAJCZAK A, 1995, RIVER GEOMORPHOLOGY, P209 LIS J, 1995, GEOCHEMICAL ATLAS UP MACKLIN MG, 1989, EARTH SURF PROCESSES, V14, P233 MIDDELKOOP H, 2000, NETH J GEOSCI, V79, P411 MILLER J, 1999, J GEOL, V107, P313 MUSIOL L, 1960, STUDIA DZIEJOW GORNI, P5 PASTERNAK K, 1974, ACTA HYDROBIOL, V16, P273 RAJMAN J, 1990, ZAWADZKIE HIST PRESE RICHARDS K, 1982, RIVERS FORM PROCESS THOMS MC, 1992, LOWLAND FLOODPLAIN R, P235 WILIAMS GP, 1984, GEOL SURV PROF PAPER, V1286, P83 WYZGA B, 1999, GEOMORPHOLOGY, V28, P281 NR 19 TC 0 PU HARD PI OLSZTYN 5 PA POST-OFFICE BOX, 10-718 OLSZTYN 5, POLAND SN 1230-1485 J9 POL J ENVIRON STUD JI Pol. J. Environ. Stud. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 597 EP 605 PG 9 SC Environmental Sciences GA 879TP UT ISI:000225742100002 ER PT J AU Gomes, RL Avcioglu, E Scrimshaw, MD Lester, JN TI Steroid estrogen determination in sediment and sewage sludge: a critique of sample preparation and chromatographic/mass spectrometry considerations, incorporating a case study in method development SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TREATMENT PLANTS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; SIGNAL SUPPRESSION; POLAR PESTICIDES AB Steroid estrogens have been identified in the solid matrices of unit treatment processes in sewage treatment works (STWs) and in sediments of watercourses that receive effluent. This article discusses the sample preparation and analytical considerations necessary for reliable determination and the need to evaluate for possible matrix interferences during method development. Complementing this is a case study highlighting the potential for analyte transformation during sample preparation and the phenomena of ion suppression when utilising LC/MS ESI with a comparison of method recoveries by GC/MS. We discuss the use of LC/MS/MS and TOF instruments; however, at present, their use in environmental analyses appears to be limited because of their capital costs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Life Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Environm Proc & Water Technol Res Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Lester, JN, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Life Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Environm Proc & Water Technol Res Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM j.lester@imperial.ac.uk CR ANDERSEN H, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P4021 ANDO DJ, 2003, ANAL TECHNIQUES SCI, P276 BARONTI C, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P5059 BENIJTS T, 2004, J CHROMATOGR A, V1029, P153 CASEY FXM, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P2400 CESPEDES R, 2004, ANAL BIOANAL CHEM, V378, P697 CHOI BK, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V907, P337 DANIELSSON LG, 1996, TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM, V15, P188 DEALDA MJL, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V938, P145 DEALDA MJL, 2002, ANALYST, V127, P1299 DIAZCRUZ MS, 2003, J MASS SPECTROM, V38 DICORCIA A, 1999, J CHROMATOGR A, V852, P465 FOTSIS T, 1987, J STEROID BIOCHEM, V28, P203 FURLONG ET, 2000, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V248, P135 GANGL ET, 2001, ANAL CHEM, V73, P5635 GEERDINK RB, 1999, J CHROMATOGR A, V863, P147 GOMES RL, 2003, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS, P177 GOMES RL, 2003, TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM, V22, P697 GOMES RL, 2004, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V23, P105 HOLBROOK RD, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P4533 HOLTHAUS KIE, 2002, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V21, P2526 HOSOKAWA Y, 2003, MAR POLLUT BULL, V47, P132 HSIEH YS, 2001, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V15, P2481 ITO S, 2002, J CHROMATOGR A, V943, P39 JEANNOT R, 2002, J CHROMATOGR A, V974, P143 JOHNSON K, 1999, THESIS IMPERIAL COLL, P102 JURGENS MD, 1999, FATE BEHAV STEROID O KANDA R, 2003, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS, P31 LAI KM, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3890 LAYTON AC, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3925 LEE HB, 2002, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V134, P353 LEGLER J, 2002, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V293, P69 LIANG HR, 2003, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V17, P2815 LIU R, 2004, J CHROMATOGR A, V1022, P179 LIU R, 2004, J CHROMATOGR A, V1038, P19 MARCHESE S, 2003, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V17, P879 MATUSZEWSKI BK, 1998, ANAL CHEM, V70, P882 MEI H, 2003, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V17, P97 PECK M, 2004, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V23, P945 PETROVIC M, 2001, TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM, V20, P637 PETROVIC M, 2002, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V21, P2146 PETROVIC M, 2002, J CHROMATOGR A, V971, P37 PETROVIC M, 2004, ANAL BIOANAL CHEM, V378, P549 STEEN RJCA, 1999, J CHROMATOGR A, V857, P157 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P81 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P91 TERNES TA, 2002, ANAL CHEM, V74, P3498 VADER JS, 2000, CHEMOSPHERE, V41, P1239 YU ZQ, 2004, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V23, P531 ZWEINER C, 2004, ANAL BIOANAL CHEM, V378, P851 NR 50 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 10-11 BP 737 EP 744 PG 8 SC Chemistry, Analytical GA 878MN UT ISI:000225651000016 ER PT J AU Kuster, M Lopez, MJ de Alda, MJL Barcelo, D TI Analysis and distribution of estrogens and progestogens in sewage sludge, soils and sediments SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS; STEROID SEX-HORMONES; WASTE-WATER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; SYNTHETIC ESTROGENS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; TREATMENT WORKS; SURFACE-WATER AB This article focuses on solid samples and reviews the main findings so far concerning the source, the presence and the fate of estrogens and progestogens in the aquatic environment. We discuss the very few existing analytical methods for determination of estrogens and progestogens in environmental matrices (soils, sediments and sludge). Estrogens are continuously released in the aquatic environment mainly because treatment plants are unsuccessful in removing them. Studies show that estrogens and progestogents are easily distributed in the environment and are likely to accumulate in river sediments and in soils. However, it is not yet clear whether sorption or biodegradation processes play a major role in their elimination from the aquatic environment. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Dept Environm Chem, IIQAB, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RP de Alda, MJL, CSIC, Dept Environm Chem, IIQAB, C Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. 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Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 10-11 BP 790 EP 798 PG 9 SC Chemistry, Analytical GA 878MN UT ISI:000225651000021 ER PT J AU Tufenkji, N Elimelech, M TI Deviation from the classical colloid filtration theory in the presence of repulsive DLVO interactions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; SURFACE INTERACTIONS; BROWNIAN PARTICLES; COLUMN EXPERIMENTS; BED FILTRATION; TRANSPORT; KINETICS; BACTERIA; RATES AB A growing body of experimental evidence suggests that the deposition behavior of microbial particles (e.g., bacteria and viruses) is inconsistent with the classical colloid filtration theory (CFT). Well-controlled laboratory-scale column deposition experiments were conducted with uniform model particles and collectors to obtain insight into the mechanisms that give rise to the diverging deposition behavior of microorganisms. Both the fluid-phase effluent particle concentration and the profile of retained particles were systematically measured over a broad range of physicochemical conditions. The results indicate that, in the presence of repulsive Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) interactions, the concurrent existence of both favorable and unfavorable colloidal interactions causes significant deviation from the CFT. A dual deposition mode model is presented which considers the combined influence of "fast" and "slow" particle deposition. This model is shown to adequately describe both the spatial distribution of particles in the packed bed and the suspended particle concentration at the column effluent. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada. Yale Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Tufenkji, N, McGill Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 3640 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada. EM nathalie.tufenkji@mcgill.ca CR ALBINGER O, 1994, FEMS MICROBIOL LETT, V124, P321 BAI RB, 1999, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V218, P488 BAYGENTS JC, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1596 BOLSTER CH, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V35, P1797 BRADFORD SA, 2002, WATER RESOUR RES, V38 BRADFORD SA, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P2242 CAMESANO TA, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1699 DERJAGUIN BV, 1941, ACTA PHYSICOCHIM URS, V14, P733 DONG HL, 2002, J MICROBIOL METH, V51, P83 ELIMELECH M, 1989, THESIS J HOPKINS U ELIMELECH M, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P1528 ELIMELECH M, 1990, LANGMUIR, V6, P1153 ELIMELECH M, 1994, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V164, P190 ELIMELECH M, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P2143 FITZPATRICK JA, 1973, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V43, P350 FRANCHI A, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1122 GREGORY J, 1981, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V83, P138 GROLIMUND D, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3562 HAHN MW, IN PRESS ENV SCI TEC HAHN MW, 1994, THESIS J HOPKINS U HAHN MW, 2004, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V38, P210 HARMAND B, 1996, COLLOID SURFACE A, V107, P233 HARVEY RW, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P178 HOGG R, 1966, T FARADAY SOC, V62, P1638 HUNTER RJ, 2001, FDN COLLOID SCI KRETZSCHMAR R, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P1129 KUBO R, 1966, REPT PROGR PHYS, V29, P255 LI X, IN PRESS ENV SCI TEC LITTON GM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P185 LITTON GM, 1994, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V165, P522 LITTON GM, 1996, COLLOID SURFACE A, V107, P273 MARMUR A, 1979, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V72, P41 MARTIN MJ, 1996, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V122, P407 MARTIN RE, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P1053 MCCARTHY JF, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P496 MCDOWELLBOYER LM, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P1901 MCDOWELLBOYER LM, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P586 PRIEVE DC, 1978, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V64, P201 RAJAGOPALAN R, 1982, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V86, P299 REDMAN JA, 2001, COLLOID SURFACE A, V191, P57 REDMAN JA, 2004, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V38, P1777 ROY SB, 1996, COLLOID SURFACE A, V107, P245 RYAN JN, 1996, COLLOID SURFACE A, V107, P1 SCHIJVEN JF, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P2186 SIMONI SF, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P2100 SONG LF, 1993, J CHEM SOC FARADAY T, V89, P3443 SONG LF, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1164 SPIELMAN LA, 1973, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V42, P607 TIEN C, 1979, AICHE J, V25, P737 TOBIASON JE, 1987, THESIS J HOPKINS U TOBIASON JE, 1988, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V80, P54 TUFENKJI N, IN PRESS ENV SCI TEC TUFENKJI N, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, A422 TUFENKJI N, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P616 TUFENKJI N, 2004, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V38, P529 VERWEY EJW, 1948, THEORY STABILITY LYO WALKER SL, 2004, LANGMUIR, V20, P7736 YAO KM, 1971, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V5, P1105 NR 58 TC 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 25 BP 10818 EP 10828 PG 11 SC Chemistry, Physical GA 876MI UT ISI:000225500700007 ER PT J AU Tufenkji, N Miller, GF Ryan, JN Harvey, RW Elimelech, M TI Transport of Cryptosporidium oocysts in porous media: Role of straining and physicochemical filtration SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLOID DEPOSITION RATES; SLOW SAND FILTRATION; PARVUM OOCYSTS; REMOVING GIARDIA; IONIC-STRENGTH; WATER; SOIL; CONTAMINATION; PATHOGENS; MOVEMENT AB The transport and filtration behavior of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in columns packed with quartz sand was systematically examined under repulsive electrostatic conditions. An increase in solution ionic strength resulted in greater oocyst deposition rates despite theoretical predictions of a significant electrostatic energy barrier to deposition. Relatively high deposition rates obtained with both oocysts and polystyrene latex particles of comparable size at low ionic strength (1 mM) suggest that a physical mechanism may play a key role in oocyst removal. Supporting experiments conducted with latex particles of varying sizes, under very low ionic strength conditions where physicochemical filtration is negligible, clearly indicated that physical straining is an important capture mechanism. The results of this study indicate that irregularity of sand grain shape (verified by SEM imaging) contributes considerably to the straining potential of the porous medium. Hence, both straining and physicochemical filtration are expected to control the removal of C. parvum oocysts in settings typical of riverbank filtration, soil infiltration, and slow sand filtration. Because classic colloid filtration theory does not account for removal by straining, these observations have important implications with respect to predictions of oocyst transport. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Elimelech, M, Yale Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Program, POB 208286, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 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Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 22 BP 5932 EP 5938 PG 7 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 873IC UT ISI:000225272100017 ER PT J AU Salehin, M Packman, AI Paradis, M TI Hyporheic exchange with heterogeneous streambeds: Laboratory experiments and modeling SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE heterogeneous streambeds; hyporheic exchange ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; TRANSIENT STORAGE; POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; NONSORBING SOLUTES AB [ 1] Hyporheic exchange is generally analyzed with the assumption of a homogeneous hyporheic zone. In reality, streambed sediments have a heterogeneous structure, and this natural heterogeneity produces spatially variable interfacial fluxes and complex hyporheic exchange patterns. To assess the basic effects of sediment structure on hyporheic exchange, we performed salt and dye injection experiments in a recirculating laboratory flume with two heterogeneous sediment beds characterized by negative-exponential correlated random hydraulic conductivity fields. Dye injections showed that the hyporheic flow structure was controlled by the spatial relationship of bed forms to high-and low-permeability regions of the streambed. As no existing model could represent these effects, we developed a new finite element model to calculate the pore water flow field resulting from the interaction of the bed form-induced boundary head distribution and the heterogeneous sediment structure. A numerical particle-tracking approach was then used to assess the resulting hyporheic exchange. The combined flow-transport model did an excellent job of predicting the complex hyporheic flow pathways in the heterogeneous bed and the net hyporheic exchange up to t approximate to 30 hours. The heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity field caused both greater spatial variability in the water flux through the bed surface and a greater average interfacial flux than would have occurred with a homogeneous bed. The layered correlation structure of the streambed produced an effective anisotropy that favored longitudinal pore water flow and caused a relatively rapid decrease of the mean pore water velocity with depth. As a result, solute penetration into the bed was confined to a more shallow region than would have occurred with a homogeneous bed. The combination of faster near-surface transport and shallower solute penetration produced a shorter mean hyporheic residence time. On the basis of the combination of experimental results and model simulations we conclude that the structural heterogeneity of streambed sediments produces more spatially limited hyporheic exchange that occurs with greater spatial variability and at a higher overall rate. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Salehin, M, Bangladesh Univ Engn & Technol, Inst Water & Flood Management, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. 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PD NOV 4 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 11 AR W11504 PG 18 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 870DK UT ISI:000225034000001 ER PT J AU Jenkins, RL Wilson, EM Angus, RA Howell, WM Kirk, M Moore, R Nance, M Brown, A TI Production of androgens by microbial transformation of progesterone in vitro: A model for androgen production in rivers receiving paper mill effluent SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone; androgen-dependent gene expression; androstadienedione; androstenedione; biotransformation of progesterone; environmental androgens; Fenholloway River; Florida; Gambusia holbrooki; masculinized mosquitofish; Mycobacterium smegmatis ID MASCULINIZATION; ANDROSTENEDIONE; MOSQUITOFISH; STEROIDS; IDENTIFICATION; PHYTOSTEROLS; ACTIVATION; AROMATASE; HOLBROOKI; WATER AB We have previously documented the presence of progesterone and androstenedione in the water column and bottom sediments of the Fenholloway River, Taylor County, Florida. This river receives paper mill effluent and contains masculinized female mosquitofish. We hypothesized that plant sterols (e.g., beta-sitosterol) derived from the pulping of pine trees are transformed by bacteria into progesterone and subsequently into 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and other androgens. In this study, we demonstrate that these same androgens can be produced in vitro from the bacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis. In a second part to this study, we reextracted and reanalyzed the sediment from the Fenholloway River and verified the presence of androstadienedione, a Delta1 steroid with androgen activity. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Comprehens Canc Ctr Mass Spect Shared Facil, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Reprod Biol Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Samford Univ, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Angus, RA, Univ Alabama, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM raangus@uab.edu CR BORTONE SA, 1999, B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX, V63, P150 CONNER AH, 1976, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V32, P310 COVEY DF, 1982, CANCER RES S, V42, P3327 DURHAN EJ, 2002, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V21, P1973 HE B, 2001, J BIOL CHEM, V276, P42293 HOWELL WM, 1980, COPEIA, P676 JENKINS R, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P1325 JENKINS RL, 2003, TOXICOL SCI, V73, P53 KEMPPAINEN JA, 1992, J BIOL CHEM, V267, P968 LARSSON DGJ, 2000, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V19, P2911 MARSHECK WJ, 1972, APPL MICROBIOL, V23, P72 MESSINA M, 1991, J NATL CANCER I, V83, P541 MILLER WR, 1956, J BIOL CHEM, V220, P221 NAGASAWA M, 1969, AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO, V33, P1644 ORLANDO EF, 2002, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S3, V110, P429 OWEN RW, 1978, BIOCHEM SOC T, V6, P377 PARKS LG, 2001, TOXICOL SCI, V62, P257 PECK M, 2004, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V23, P945 PHILPOTTS M, 1997, LIPPINCOTT HLTH PROM, V2, P7 ROY PK, 1991, INDIAN J BIOCHEM BIO, V28, P150 STEELE R, 1977, STEROIDS, V29, P331 STONGE MP, 2003, LIPIDS, V38, P367 THOMPSON EA, 1974, J BIOL CHEM, V249, P5373 VORSTER HH, 2003, SAMJ S AFR MED J, V93, P581 NR 24 TC 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSPECT JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 112 IS 15 BP 1508 EP 1511 PG 4 SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Environmental Sciences GA 869GX UT ISI:000224972500038 ER PT J AU Bolviken, B Bogen, J Jartun, M Langedal, M Ottesen, RT Volden, T TI Overbank sediments: a natural bed blending sampling medium for large - scale geochemical mapping SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID KVINA DRAINAGE-BASIN; MINING ACTIVITIES; STREAM SEDIMENT; LAKE SEDIMENT; NORWAY; BELGIUM; CONTAMINATION; EXPLORATION; FLOODPLAINS; LUXEMBOURG AB Overbank sediments occur along rivers and streams with variable water discharge. They are deposited on floodplains and levees from water suspension during floods, when the discharge exceeds the amounts that can be contained within the normal channel. Overbank sediments were introduced as a sampling medium in geochemical mapping in 1989, and a number of studies have later been published on this subject. These papers indicate: 1. Depth integrated samples of overbank sediments reflect the composition of many current and past sediment sources upstream of the sampling point, contrary to active stream sediments, which originate in a more restricted number of presently active sediment sources from which they move regularly along the stream channel. In many regions overbank sediments are more representative of drainage basins than active stream sediments and can, therefore, be used to determine main regional to continental geochemical distribution patterns with widely scattered sample sites at low cost per unit area. 2. Samples of overbank sediments can be collected in floodplains or old terraces along laterally stable or slowly migrating channels. In some locations the surface sediments may be polluted, however, natural, pre-industrial sediments may, nevertheless, occur at depth. Mapping of the composition of recent and pre-industrial overbank sediments can, therefore, be used (i) in a characterization of the present state of pollution, and (ii) as a regional prospecting tool in natural as well as polluted environments. 3. Vertical movements of elements in strata of overbank sediments may occur, especially in cases where the distribution of relatively mobile elements in non-calcareous areas are heavily influenced by acid rain. However, the overall impression is that vertical migration of chemical elements is not a major problem in the use of overbank sediments in geochemical mapping. 4. The composition of overbank sediment is of great interest to society in general, since flood plains are very important for agriculture, urbanisation, and as sources for drinking water. Several of the above points indicate that overbank sediments represent a natural analogue to the products of bed-blending. This aspect is mentioned here in light of the Theory of Sampling (TOS). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Geol Survey Norway, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. Norwegian Water Resources & Energy Adm, NO-0301 Oslo, Norway. RP Bolviken, B, Geol Survey Norway, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. 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Lab. Syst. PD NOV 28 PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1 BP 183 EP 199 PG 17 SC Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 869KR UT ISI:000224982400019 ER PT J AU Bielefeldt, AR Illangasekare, T LaPante, R TI Bioclogging of sand due to biodegradation of aircraft deicing fluid SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; hydraulic conductivity; sand; airports; water pollution ID KLEBSIELLA-AEROGENES NCTC-418; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CHEMOSTAT CULTURE; BIOFILM GROWTH; POROUS-MEDIUM; ACCUMULATION; SOIL AB The biodegradation of propylene glycol (PG) and PG-based aircraft deicing fluid (ADF) at initial concentrations of 400-100,000 mg/L was investigated in saturated sand columns operated under nitrogen-limited conditions that are expected occur in the environment. PG biodegradation resulted in the accumulation of 0.4-1.4 mg volatile solids/g sand, which decreased the hydraulic conductivity of the sand by 23-99.8%. At loading up to 0.27 mg ADF or PG/g sand/d, greater than 99% PG removal and 88% soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were achieved. At higher loading, removal efficiency decreased but the removal rate increased to 11.2 mg PG/g sand/day and up to 10.7 mg COD/g sand/day. As ADF or PG loading increased causing more nitrogen-limited conditions and likely a greater amount of PG fermentation, cell yields decreased and a greater fraction of incomplete mineralization of the ADF and PG were noted as measured by higher residual soluble COD. The results indicate that natural attenuation of PG in groundwater is likely to occur in association with potentially significant bioclogging. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, AMAX Distinguished Chair Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EA Engn Sci & Technol, Spark, MD 21152 USA. RP Bielefeldt, AR, Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CR *APHA AWWA WEF, 1995, STAND METH EX WAT WA *NEW YORK STAT DEP, 1991, APC44 NEW YORK STAT *US GAO, 2000, GAORCED00153 *US GAO, 2000, GAORCED00222 BAUSMITH DS, 1999, WATER ENVIRON RES, V71, P459 BAVEYE P, 1998, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V28, P123 BIELEFELDT AR, 2002, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V128, P51 BIELEFELDT AR, 2002, WATER RES, V36, P1707 BREEDVELD GD, 1997, BIOREMEDIATION J, V1, P77 BROCK TD, 1991, BIOL MICROORGANISMS CORNELL J, 2001, THESIS U COLORADO FO CUNNINGHAM AB, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P1305 DEMATTOS MJT, 1983, ARCH MICROBIOL, V134, P80 FREEZE RA, 1979, GROUNDWATER FRENCH HK, 1998, P DEIC DUSTB RISK AQ, P15 GAUDY AF, 1980, MICROBIOLOGY ENV SCI HILL PW, 1993, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V42, P873 KLECKA GM, 1993, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V25, P280 MEYER CL, 1989, BIOPROCESS ENG, V4, P1 MITCHELL R, 1964, APPL MICROBIOL, V12, P219 NEIJSSEL OM, 1975, ARCH MICROBIOL, V106, P251 NOBLE DL, 1997, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V7, P46 RITTMANN BE, 1982, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V24, P501 STRONGGUNDERSON JM, 1995, MICROBIAL PROCESSES SWITZENBAUM MS, 1999, BEST MANAGEMENT PRAC TAYLOR SW, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P2153 TAYLOR SW, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P2171 VANDEVIVERE P, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1 VELTMAN S, 1998, BIODEGRADATION, V9, P113 ZAR JH, 1999, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL ZHANG TC, 1994, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V29, P335 NR 31 TC 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2004 VL 130 IS 10 BP 1147 EP 1153 PG 7 SC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 865BN UT ISI:000224677600010 ER PT J AU Boszke, L Sobczynski, T Glosinska, G Kowalski, A Siepak, J TI Distribution of mercury and other heavy metals in bottom sediments of the middle Odra River (Germany/Poland) SO POLISH JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE mercury; heavy metals; bottom sediments; Odra River ID FLOOD; POLLUTION; SYSTEM; BAY AB The Odra is the second largest river in Poland, running from the Czech Republic through a large part of Poland before entering the Baltic Sea. Its catchment area has been heavily polluted by anthropogenic emissions. Our data document an intensive anthropogenic impact on the abundance of heavy metals in bottom sediments or the middle part of the Odra. Normalized heavy metal concentrations in sediments and indices of geoaccumulation (I-gen) indicate that this area is polluted by various metals, especially mercury, cadmium and zinc. The ranges of their concentrations vary as follows: Hg 0.12-2.99 mg/kg, Cd 2.93-7.87 mg/kg, Pb 21.2-163 mg/kg Cu 11.5-88.3 mg/kg, Zn 28.0-471 mg/kg, Cr 1.57-47.5 mg/kg, Ni 5.10-19.1 mg/kg, Fe 1493-37972 mg/kg and Mn 47.6-1242 mg/kg. C1 Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Coll Polonicum, Dept Environm Protect, PL-69100 Slubice, Poland. Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Fac Chem, Dept Water & Soil Anal, PL-60613 Poznan, Poland. RP Boszke, L, Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Coll Polonicum, Dept Environm Protect, Kosciuszki 1, PL-69100 Slubice, Poland. EM boszke@euv-frankfurt-o.de CR *IOP, 2002, CHARGE ODRA RIVER RE ANSARI AA, 1999, ENVIRON GEOL, V38, P25 BOJAKOWSKA I, 1998, PRZ GEOL, V46, P49 BONNEVIE NL, 1993, B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX, V51, P672 CISZEWSKI D, 2003, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V143, P81 DASILVA IS, 2002, APPL GEOCHEM, V17, P105 FENSKE C, 2001, INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL, V203, P417 FERGUSSON JE, 1990, HEAVY ELEMENTS CHEM FILHO SR, 1995, ASSESSMENT HEAVY MET, V7 FORSTNER U, 1979, METAL POLLUTION AQUA HELIOSRYBICKA E, 1999, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V27, P331 HELIOSRYBICKA E, 2000, 3 C TRAC MET EFF ORG HELIOSRYBICKA E, 2002, POL J ENVIRON STUD, V11, P649 HELIOSRYBICKA E, 2003, 2 WORKSH IMP BIOAV A HERUT B, 1994, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V3, P147 KABATAPENDIAS A, 1999, BIOCH TRACE ELEMENTS LEHMANN J, 1999, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V27, P321 MULLER A, 1999, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V27, P316 MULLER G, 1979, UMSCHAU, V79, P778 PAPINA TS, 2000, 11 ANN INT C HEAV ME RAST G, 2000, ATLAS OVERFLOWING AR ROULET M, 2000, CHEM GEOL, V165, P243 SALOMONS W, 1984, METALS HYDROCYCL SPR SINEX SA, 1988, MAR POLLUT B, V19, P425 SZYJKOWSKI A, 1995, ECOLOGICAL PASSAGE O, P45 TUKERIAN KK, 1961, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V72, P175 WARDAS M, 1999, THESIS U SCI TECHNOL NR 27 TC 1 PU HARD PI OLSZTYN 5 PA POST-OFFICE BOX, 10-718 OLSZTYN 5, POLAND SN 1230-1485 J9 POL J ENVIRON STUD JI Pol. J. Environ. Stud. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 495 EP 502 PG 8 SC Environmental Sciences GA 863PH UT ISI:000224573500006 ER PT J AU Ashton, D Hilton, M Thomas, KV TI Investigating the environmental transport of human pharmaceuticals to streams in the United Kingdom SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE pharmaceutical compounds; environmental occurrence; trimethoprim; diclofenac; sulfamethoxazole; acetyl-sulfamethoxazole; paracetamol; mefenamic acid; ibuprofen; erythromycin; dextropropoxyphene; Lofepramine; tamoxifen; propranolol ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTE-WATER; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; DRUG RESIDUES; SURFACE WATERS; CONTAMINANTS; FATE; ANTIBIOTICS AB The occurrence of 12 selected pharmaceutical compounds and pharmaceutical compound metabolites in sewage treatment works (STW) effluents and surface waters was investigated. The substances selected for the monitoring programme were identified by a risk ranking procedure to identify those substances with the greatest potential to pose a risk to the aquatic environment. STW final effluent and surface water samples were collected from Corby, Great Billing, East Hyde, Harpenden and Ryemeads STWs. Ten of the 12 pharmaceutical compounds were detected in the STW effluent samples: propranolol (100%, median = 76 ng/l), diclofenac (86%, median = 424 ng/l), ibuprofen (84%, median = 3086 ng/l), mefenamic acid (81%, median = 133 ng/l), dextropropoxyphene (74%, median= 195 ng/l), trimethoprim (65%, 70 ng/l), erythromycin (44%, <10 ng/l), acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (33%, median = <50 ng/l), sulfamethoxazole (9%, median = <50 ng/l), tamoxifen (4%, median = <10 ng/l). In the corresponding receiving streams, fewer compounds and lower concentrations were found: propranolol (87%, median = 29 ng/l), ibuprofen (69%, median = 826 ng/l), mefenamic acid (60%, median = 62 ng/l), dextropropoxyphene (53%, median = 58 ng/l), diclofenac (47%, median = <20 ng/l), erythromycin (38%, median = <10 ng/l), trimethoprim, (38%, median = <10 ng/l), acetyl sulfamethoxazole (38%, median = <50 ng/l). Four human pharmaceutical compounds were detected in samples upstream of the STWs sampled: ibuprofen (57%, median = 181 ng/l), trimethoprim (36%, median <10 ng/l), erythromycin (17%, median = <10 ng/l), propranolol (14%, median = <10 ng/l), suggesting that longer range stream transport of some compounds is possible. The particular STW that was sampled and the month that it was sampled significantly influenced the measured concentrations of several, but not all, substances. There was no significant relationship between usage data and the overall frequency with which different substances were detected. There was however, some evidence to suggest that usage data are positively associated with concentrations of pharmaceuticals in effluent and, particularly, with concentrations measured in surface waters below STWs. These results suggest that most sewage treatment works in England and Wales are likely to be routinely discharging small quantities of pharmaceuticals into UK rivers. None of the pharmaceuticals were found at concentrations that were high enough to cause acute toxic impacts to aquatic organisms. However, insufficient data were available to be able to comment on whether the concentrations measured have the potential to result in more subtle long-term effects on aquatic organisms (e.g. effects on growth, ability to reproduce). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Ecotoxicol & Hazardous Subst, Environm Agcy, Wallingford OX10 8BD, Oxon, England. CEFAS Burnham Lab, Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Brunham on Crouch CM0 8HA, Essex, England. RP Ashton, D, Natl Ctr Ecotoxicol & Hazardous Subst, Environm Agcy, Evenlode House,Howbery Pk, Wallingford OX10 8BD, Oxon, England. EM danielle.ashton@environment-agency.gov.uk CR *EMC, 2002, EL MED COMP *OSPAR COMM K, 2002, DYN SEL PRIOR MECH H AHRER W, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V910, P69 AYSCOUGH NJ, 2000, P390 RD ENV AG BROOKS BW, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V52, P135 BUSER HR, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3449 BUSER HR, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2529 DAUGHTON CG, 1999, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S6, V107, P907 HALLINGSORENSEN B, 1998, CHEMOSPHERE, V36, P357 HEBERER T, 1998, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V26, P272 HILTON MJ, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V1015, P129 HIRSCH R, 1996, VOM WASSER, V87, P263 HIRSCH R, 1998, J CHROMATOGR A, V815, P213 HIRSCH R, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P109 JONES OAH, 2002, WATER RES, V36, P5013 KOLPIN DW, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1202 KUMMERER K, 2001, PHARM ENV, P1 LAFARRE M, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V938, P187 LAW RJ, 1994, MAR POLLUT BULL, V28, P668 MEYLAN WM, 1998, USERS GUIDE ECOSAR C NEWMAN MC, 1995, QUANTITATIVE METHODS OLLERS S, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V911, P225 PASCOE D, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V51, P521 RICHARDSON ML, 1985, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V37, P1 SEBASTINE IM, 2003, T ICHEME B, V81, P229 SINGER HP, 2002, OCCURRENCE QUANTIFIC STAN HJ, 1997, ANALUSIS, V25, M20 STUMPF M, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P135 SWEETMAN SC, 2002, MARTINDALE COMPLETE TERNES TA, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P3245 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P91 TERNES TA, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1976 THOMAS KV, 2003, P60126 RD ENV AG WILLIAMS RJ, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1744 ZUCCATO E, 2001, PHARM ENV, P19 NR 35 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIR JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 333 IS 1-3 BP 167 EP 184 PG 18 SC Environmental Sciences GA 863DF UT ISI:000224540100013 ER PT J AU Ternes, TA Joss, A Siegrist, H TI Scrutinizing pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater treatment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; SURFACE WATERS; FATE; ESTROGENS; CHEMICALS; TOXICITY; HORMONES; REMOVAL C1 Fed Inst Hydrol, BfG, Poseidon Project, Koblenz, Germany. Swiss Fed Isnt Environm Sci & Technol, EAWAG, Basel, Switzerland. RP Ternes, TA, Fed Inst Hydrol, BfG, Poseidon Project, Koblenz, Germany. EM ternes@bafg.de CR ADLER P, 2001, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V29, P227 ALTENBURGER R, 2000, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V19, P2341 ANDERSEN H, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P4021 BOXALL ABA, 2004, REV ENVIRON CONTAM T, V180, P1 BUSER HR, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3449 DAUGHTON CG, 1999, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S6, V107, P907 FERRARI B, 2003, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V55, P359 FOOKEN C, 1999, ORIENTIERENDE MESSUN, P40 FORTH W, 1996, ALLGEMEINE SPEZIELLE GEYER HJ, 2000, HDB ENV CHEM J, V2, P1 GOLET EM, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P3243 HEBERER T, 2002, TOXICOL LETT, V131, P5 HOLBROOK RD, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P4533 HUANG CH, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P133 HUBER M, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1016 HUBER MM, 2004, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, P5177 HUGGETT DB, 2002, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V43, P229 JENSEN S, 1969, NATURE, V224, P247 JOHNSON AC, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P4697 JONES OAH, 2001, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V22, P1383 KLASCHKA U, POS S BRAUNSCH GERM KOLPIN DW, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1202 KREUZINGER N, 2004, IN PRESS WATER SCI T LAI KM, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3890 LANGE R, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P1216 LARSEN TA, 1996, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V34, P87 MATSUI S, 2000, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V42, P173 MCARDELL CS, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P5479 METCALFE CD, 2003, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V22, P2881 ROUTLEDGE EJ, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1559 SIEGRIST H, 2003, POS S BRAUNSCHW GERM TERNES TA, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P3245 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P91 TERNES TA, 2000, RESIDUES PHARM DIAGN TERNES TA, 2003, UMWELTCHEM OKOTOX, V15, P169 TERNES TA, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P1976 TERNES TA, 2004, IN PRESS WATER RES TILTON F, 2002, AQUAT TOXICOL, V61, P211 WENNMALM A, 2003, ENV C LYON FRANC APR WOLLENBERGER L, 2000, CHEMOSPHERE, V40, P723 NR 40 TC 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 20 BP 392A EP 399A PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 862VO UT ISI:000224519500007 ER PT J AU Borchardt, MA Haas, NL Hunt, RJ TI Vulnerability of drinking-water wells in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to enteric-virus contamination from surface water contributions SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; BANK FILTRATION; NORWALK VIRUS; CHLORINE; ENTEROVIRUSES; INACTIVATION; GROUNDWATER; POLIOVIRUS; TRANSPORT AB Human enteric viruses can contaminate municipal drinking-water wells, but few studies have examined the routes by which viruses enter these wells. In the present study, the objective was to monitor the municipal wells of La Crosse, Wisconsin, for enteric viruses and determine whether the amount of Mississippi River water infiltrating the wells was related to the frequency of virus detection. From March 2001 to February 2002, one river water site and four wells predicted by hydrogeological modeling to have variable degrees of surface water contributions were sampled monthly for enteric viruses, microbial indicators of sanitary quality, and oxygen and hydrogen isotopes. O-18/O-16 and H-2/H-1 ratios were used to determine the level of surface water contributions. All samples were collected prior to chlorination at the wellhead. By reverse transcription-PCR (RTPCR), 24 of 48 municipal well water samples (50%) were positive for enteric viruses, including enteroviruses, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV), and noroviruses. Of 12 river water samples, 10 (83%) were virus positive by RT-PCR. Viable enteroviruses were not detected by cell culture in the well samples, although three well samples were positive for culturable HAV. Enteroviruses detected in the wells by RT-PCR were identified as several serotypes of echoviruses and group A and group B coxsackieviruses. None of the well water samples was positive for indicators of sanitary quality, namely male-specific and somatic coliphages, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and fecal enterococci. Contrary to expectations, viruses were found in all wells regardless of the level of surface water contributions. This result suggests that there were other unidentified sources, in addition to surface water, responsible for the contamination. C1 Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Microbiol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. RP Borchardt, MA, Marshfield Med Res Fdn, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. 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Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 10 BP 5937 EP 5946 PG 10 SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 860PT UT ISI:000224356200031 ER PT J AU Zlotnik, VA TI A concept of maximum stream depletion rate for leaky aquifers in alluvial valleys (vol 40, art no W06507, 2004) SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Correction DE aquitard groundwater; hydraulic conductivity; leaky aquifer; streams; stream depletion rate CR ZLOTNIK VA, 2004, WATER RESOUR RES, V40 NR 1 TC 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 16 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 9 AR W09901 PG 1 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 857NX UT ISI:000224125500003 ER PT J AU Cardenas, MB Wilson, JL Zlotnik, VA TI Impact of heterogeneity, bed forms, and stream curvature on subchannel hyporheic exchange SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hyporheic zone; heterogeneity; bed forms; stream curvature; fluxes; residence times ID SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; NONSORBING SOLUTES; ZONE; MODEL; CHANNEL; TOPOGRAPHY; RETENTION; SEDIMENT AB [1] Advection through hyporheic zones (HZ) consisting of heterogeneous channel bend streambed deposits and their equivalent homogenous medium was investigated using finite difference groundwater flow and transport simulations and forward particle tracking. The top prescribed head boundary was varied in order to mimic various stream channel head distributions resulting from the presence of bed forms and channel curvature. Flux calculations show that heterogeneity causes significant additional HZ flux compared to an equivalent homogenous medium. However, the major cause of HZ flux is a spatially periodic ( sinusoidal) head distribution along the boundary, representing the effect of bed forms. The additional influence of heterogeneity on the total channel-bed exchange and the overall HZ geometry are increased when boundary head sinusoidal fluctuation is more subdued. We present dimensionless numbers that summarize these relationships. Heterogeneity's influence is further magnified by considering the effect of channel curvature on boundary heads. The simulations illustrate the dynamic influence of heterogeneity on the hyporheic zone since the various head boundaries employed in our modeling efforts are a proxy for different surface water conditions and bed form states that may occur during a single flood. Furthermore, we show that residence times ( total tracking times) of particles originating from the streambed follow a lognormal distribution. In the presence of heterogeneity, residence times can decrease or they can increase compared to residence times for homogeneous conditions depending on the relative positions of the heterogeneities and the bed forms. Hence streambed heterogeneity and stream curvature, factors often neglected in previous modeling efforts, combine with bed form configuration to dynamically determine HZ geometry, fluxes, and residence time distributions. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Cardenas, MB, New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. 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Res. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 8 AR W08307 PG 14 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 849PC UT ISI:000223549900003 ER PT J AU Mansell, J Drewes, JE Rauch, T TI Removal mechanisms of endocrine disrupting compounds (steroids) during soil aquifer treatment SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE endocrine disrupting compounds; groundwater recharge; soil-aquifer treatment; steroida hormones; water reuse ID WASTE-WATER; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; SURFACE-WATER; HORMONES; BIOSOLIDS; EFFLUENT; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; FATE AB The objective of this study was to determine the primary removal mechanisms of endocrine disruptors such as steroidal hormones present in reclaimed water, specifically 17beta-estradiol, estriol, and testosterone, during groundwater recharge via soil aquifer treatment (SAT). Steroidal hormones were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Bench-scale studies and laboratory-scale soil column experiments were employed to determine what mechanisms (i.e., adsorption, biodegradation, photolytic degradation) dominate the removal of the three compounds of interest during SAT. Findings of these studies revealed that the dominating removal mechanism for the compounds of interest during EAT is adsorption to the porous media matrix and additional attenuation to below the detection limit occurred in the presence of bioactivity. This additional removal occurred regardless of dominating redox conditions (aerobic vs. anoxic) or the type of organic carbon matrix present (hydrophobic acids, hydrophilic carbon vs. colloidal carbon). C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Drewes, JE, Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jdrewes@mines.edu CR BELFROID AC, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P101 CORDY G, 2003, P 3 INT C PHARM END DREWES JE, 2001, ACS S SERIES BOOK, V791, P206 GRAY J, 2003, P 3 INT C PHARM END HOLBROOK RD, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P4533 HUANG CH, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P133 IGUCHI T, 2001, HORM BEHAV, V40, P248 LAI KM, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3890 LAYTON AC, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3925 LEE YM, 2003, P 3 INT C PHARM END RAUCH T, UNPUB J ENV ENG RAUCH T, 2004, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V50, P245 ROUTLEDGE EJ, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1559 SILVA E, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1751 STRENN B, 2003, P 3 INT C PHARM END TAKIGAMI H, 2000, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V42, P45 TANAKA T, 2000, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V42, P89 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P81 NR 18 TC 0 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 50 IS 2 BP 229 EP 237 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 847LT UT ISI:000223394900032 ER PT J AU Rauch, T Drewes, L TI Assessing the removal potential of soil-aquifer treatment systems for bulk organic matter SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE colloidal organic matter; effluent organic matter; hydrophilic organic matter; hydrophobic acids; soluble microbial products; water reuse ID RECLAIMED WATER; DRINKING-WATER; GROUNDWATER; NOM AB The fate of effluent organic matter (EfOM) during groundwater recharge was investigated by studying the removal behavior of four bulk organic carbon fractions isolated from a secondary effluent: Hydrophilic organic matter (HPI), hydrophobic acids (HPO-A), colloidal organic matter (OM), and soluble microbial products (SMPs). Short-term removal of the bulk organic fractions during soil infiltration was simulated in biologically active soil columns. Results revealed that the four organic fractions showed a significantly different behavior with respect to biological removal. HPI and colloidal OM were prone to biological removal during initial soil infiltration (0-30 cm) and supported soil microbial biomass growth in the infiltrative surface. Additionally, colloidal OM was partly removed by physical adsorption or filtration. HPO-A and SMPs reacted recalcitrant towards biological degradation as indicated by low soil biomass activity responses. Adsorbability assessment of the biologically refractory portions of the fractions onto powered activated carbon (PAC) indicated that physical removal is not likely to play a significantly role in further diminishing recalcitrant HPO-A, HPI and SMPs during longer travel times in the subsurface. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rauch, T, Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM trauch@mines.edu jdrewes@mines.edu CR BARBER LB, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P4805 DREWES JE, 1997, WASSER, V89, P97 DREWES JE, 1999, WASSER, V93, P95 DREWES JE, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P241 DREWES JE, 2002, WA SCI TECHNOL, V2, P1 FINDLAY RH, 1989, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V55, P2888 FONSECA AC, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P3817 FOX P, 2001, SOIL AQUIFER TREATME HER N, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1069 KWON B, 2002, P WAT QUAL TECHN C N LEENHEER JA, 2000, ACS SYM SER, V761, P68 LEENHEER JA, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3869 QUANRUD DM, 1996, J ENV ENG, V133, P314 QUANRUD DM, 2003, J WATER HLTH, V1, P33 RAUCH T, UNPUB J ENV ENG ROSTAD CE, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P3218 NR 16 TC 2 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 50 IS 2 BP 245 EP 253 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 847LT UT ISI:000223394900034 ER PT J AU Paull, B Barron, L TI Using ion chromatography to monitor haloacetic acids in drinking water: a review of current technologies SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Review DE reviews; water analysis; haloacetic acids ID CATION-EXCHANGE RESIN; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; CHLORINATION; TRIHALOMETHANES; HAAS; THMS AB A review of the application of ion chromatography to the determination of haloacetic acids in drinking water is given. As it requires no sample derivatisation, ion chromatography in its various modes, such as ion-exchange, ion-interaction and ion-exclusion chromatography, is increasingly being investigated as a simpler alternative to gas chromatographic methods for the determination of polar disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking waters. Detection limits quoted for the regulated haloacetic acids (HAA5), are commonly in the mid to low mug/L range, however, in most cases analyte preconcentration is still necessary for detection at concentrations commonly found in actual drinking water samples. The coupling of ion chromatography to electrospray mass spectrometry provides a potential future direction, with improved sensitivity and selectivity compared to conductivity based detection, however associated cost and complexity for routine analysis is currently relatively high. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dublin City Univ, Natl Ctr Sensor Res, Sch Chem Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. RP Paull, B, Dublin City Univ, Natl Ctr Sensor Res, Sch Chem Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. EM brett.paull@dcu.ie CR 1998, FR 1216, V63, P69390 CARRERO H, 1999, TALANTA, V48, P711 CHANG CY, 2000, J HAZARD MATER, V79, P89 CHANG EE, 2001, CHEMOSPHERE, V43, P1029 CHRISTMAN RF, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P625 DALVI AGI, 2000, DESALINATION, V129, P261 DIPPY JFJ, 1959, J CHEM SOC, P2492 DOJLIDO J, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P3111 HADDAD PR, 1990, ION CHROMATOGRAPHY P HELALEH MIH, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V997, P133 KIM J, 2002, DESALINATION, V151, P1 LIU YJ, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V997, P225 LIU YJ, 2003, MICROCHEM J, V75, P79 LIU YJ, 2004, J CHROMATOGR A, V1039, P89 LOOS R, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V938, P45 LOPEZAVILA V, 1999, J AOAC INT, V82, P689 LUI Y, 2004, CHEMOSPHERE, V55, P1253 MARTINEZ D, 1998, J CHROMATOGR A, V827, P105 NAIR LM, 1994, J CHROMATOGR A, V671, P309 NIKOLAOU AD, 2002, J ENVIRON MONITOR, V4, P910 OHTA K, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V997, P95 POURMOGHADDAS H, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P2059 RECHKOW DA, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P1655 ROEHL R, 2002, J CHROMATOGR A, V956, P245 ROSSMAN LA, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P3483 SARZANINI C, 1999, J CHROMATOGR A, V850, P197 SERODES JB, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V51, P253 TAKINO M, 2000, ANALYST, V125, P1097 TANAKA K, 2002, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V474, P31 TANAKA K, 2002, J CHROMATOGR A, V956, P209 URBANSKY ET, 2000, J ENVIRON MONITOR, V2, P285 VICHOT R, 1994, J LIQ CHROMATOGR, V17, P4405 VILLANUEVA CM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P953 WEINBERG H, 1999, ANAL CHEM, V71 WILLIAMS DT, 1997, CHEMOSPHERE, V34, P299 YANG L, 2000, J PHARMACEUT BIOMED, V22, P487 ZHANG XR, 2002, WATER RES, V36, P3665 NR 37 TC 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 1046 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 SC Chemistry, Analytical; Biochemical Research Methods GA 847AP UT ISI:000223361300001 ER PT J AU Wang, BC Zheng, XL Qin, H Lin, GQ Xu, Q TI Quantitative analysis of groundwater flow near a partially penetrating river under riverside pumping SO ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION LA English DT Article DE groundwater flow; partially penetrating river; riverside pumping; numerical analysis ID SEEPAGE; STREAMS; WATER AB According to practical geological and hydrogeological conditions of riverside water-supply well fields in northwestern China, an ideal hydrogeological model has been generalized and a three-dimensional mathematical model has been set up. A finite difference method was applied to simulating groundwater flow near a partially penetrating river under riverside pumping, and to analyzing the effects of river width, partial penetration and permeability of riverbed sediments on groundwater recharges. Results show that riverside pumping may cause groundwater to flow beneath the partially penetrating river, and that river width, penetration and riverbed permeability obviously influence flows from the partially penetrating river and constant-head boundaries. However, the pumping output is mainly from the partially penetrating river. C1 Comprehens Inst Geotech Survey, Beijing 100007, Peoples R China. China Ocean Univ, Inst Environm Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, Peoples R China. Changan Univ, Dept Water Resources, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Wang, BC, Comprehens Inst Geotech Survey, Beijing 100007, Peoples R China. EM bcwang@sohu.com CR BRUCH JC, 1979, J HYDROL, V41, P31 DESAI CS, 1983, ADV WATER RESOURCE, V6, P175 ERNST LF, 1997, J HYDROL, V42, P1219 GUO DP, 1992, J XIAN GEOL I S, V15, P266 GUO DP, 1993, HYDRODYNAMICS, P344 LI S, 1996, WATER RES, V17, P8 LIU G, 2000, ADV WATER SCI, V9, P289 LIU GD, 1997, SCI CHINA SER E, V40, P489 QIAN Y, 1997, J GROUNDWATER RESOUR, V19, P110 REID ME, 1990, J HYDROL, V114, P149 WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 WU YQ, 2000, J XIAN U SCI TECH, V16, P234 NR 12 TC 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC CHINA PI BEIJING PA 26 BAIWANZHUANG, FUWAI, BEIJING 100037, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1000-9515 J9 ACTA GEOL SIN-ENGL ED JI Acta Geol. Sin.-Engl. Ed. PY 2004 VL 78 IS 3 BP 820 EP 824 PG 5 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary GA 847IQ UT ISI:000223386300029 ER PT J AU Hijnen, WAM Schijven, JF Bonne, P Visser, A Medema, GJ TI Elimination of viruses, bacteria and protozoan oocysts by slow sand filtration SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elimination of microorganisms; slow sand filtration; surrogates ID REMOVING GIARDIA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; SPORES; WATER; SURROGATE; ORGANISMS; CYSTS AB The decimal elimination capacity (DEC) of slow sand filters (SSF) for viruses, bacteria and oocysts of Cryptosporidium has been assessed from full-scale data and pilot plant and laboratory experiments. DEC for viruses calculated from experimental data with MS2-bacteriophages in the pilot plant filters was 1.5-2 log(10). E coli and thermotolerant coliforms (Coli44) were removed at full-scale and in the pilot plant with 2-3 log(10). At full-scale, Campylobacter bacteria removal was 1 log(10) more than removal of Coli44, which indicated that Coli44 was a conservative surrogate for these pathogenic bacteria. Laboratory experiments with sand columns showed 2-3 and >5-6 log(10) removal of spiked spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia (SSRC; C. perfringens) and oocysts of Cryptosporidium respectively. Consequently, SSRC was not a good surrogate to quantify oocyst removal by SSF. Removal of indigenous SSRC by full-scale filters was less efficient than observed in the laboratory columns, probably due to continuous loading of these filter beds with spores, accumulation and retarded transport. It remains to be investigated if this also applies to oocyst removal by SSF. The results additionally showed that the schmutzdecke and accumulation of (in)organic charged compounds in the sand increased the elimination of microorganisms. Removal of the schmutzdecke reduced DEC for bacteria by +/-2 log(10), but did not affect removal of phages. This clearly indicated that, besides biological activity, both straining and adsorption were important removal mechanisms in the filter bed for microorganisms larger than viruses. C1 Kiwa Water Res Ltd, NL-3430 BB Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Amsterdam Water Supply, NL-1005 AD Amsterdam, Netherlands. Dune Water Co S Holland, NL-2270 AA Voorburg, Netherlands. RP Hijnen, WAM, Kiwa Water Res Ltd, POB 1072, NL-3430 BB Nieuwegein, Netherlands. EM wim.hijnen@kiwa.nl CR BELLAMY WD, 1985, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V77, P52 CLEASBY JL, 1984, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V76, P44 ELLIS KV, 1985, CRC CRIT R ENVIRON, V15, P315 EMELKO MB, 2001, THESIS WATERLOO ONTA FOGEL D, 1993, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V85, P77 HIJNEN WAM, 2000, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V41, P165 HIJNEN WAM, 2002, WA SCI TECHNOL, V2, P163 HIJNEN WAM, 2004, WA SCI TECHNOL, V4, P47 KARMALI MA, 1986, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V23, P456 POYNTER SFB, 1977, PROG WATER TECHNOL, V9, P75 RIBEIRO CD, 1984, J HYG-CAMBRIDGE, V92, P45 SCHIJVEN JF, 2000, THESIS TU DELFT SCHIJVEN JF, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P2186 SCHULER PF, 1991, WATER RES, V25, P995 SLADE JS, 1978, J I WATER ENG SCI, V32, P530 TIMMS S, 1995, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V31, P81 WINDLETAYLOR E, 1969, REP RESULTS BAC CHEM, V44, P52 NR 17 TC 0 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 50 IS 1 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 845QG UT ISI:000223258800025 ER PT J AU Datry, I Malard, F Gibert, J TI Dynamics of solutes and dissolved oxygen in shallow urban groundwater below a stormwater infiltration basin SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE urban stormwater; infiltration basins; groundwater recharge; nutrients; heavy metals; hydrocarbons ID HEAVY-METALS; SEDIMENTS AB Artificial recharge of urban aquifers with stormwater has been used extensively in urban areas to dispose of stormwater and compensate for reduced groundwater recharge. However, stormwater-derived sediments accumulating in infiltration beds may act as a source of dissolved contaminants for groundwater. Concentrations of hydrocarbons, heavy metals, nutrients and dissolved oxygen (DO) were monitored at multiple depths in shallow groundwater below a stormwater infiltration basin retaining large amounts of contaminated organic sediments. Multilevel wells and multiparameter loggers were used to examine changes in groundwater chemistry occurring over small spatial and temporal scales. Rainfall events produced a plume of low-salinity stormwater in the first 2 m below the groundwater table, thereby generating steep vertical physico-chemical gradients that resorbed during dry weather. Heavy metals and hydrocarbons were below reference concentrations in groundwater and aquifer sediments, indicating that they remained adsorbed onto the bed sediments. However, mineralization of organic sediments was the most probable cause of elevated concentrations of phosphate and DOC in groundwater. DO supply in groundwater was severely limited by bed respiration which increased with temperature. Cold winter stormwater slightly re-oxygenated groundwater, whereas warm summer stormwater lowered DO concentrations in groundwater. Among several results provided by this study, it is recommended for management purposes that infiltration practices should minimize the contact between inflow stormwater and organic sediments retained in infiltration basins. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Datry, I, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023, Bat Forel 403,43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. EM datry@univ-lyon1.fr CR *AFNOR, 1999, QUAL EAU *HIR, 2000, SYNTH HYDR THERM FOR, P32 APPLEYWARD SJ, 1993, ENVIRON GEOL, V2, P227 BAVEYE P, 1998, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V28, P123 BOU C, 1967, CR ACAD SCI D NAT, V265, P369 BURGEAP, 2002, PROSPECTION GEOPHYS, P14 CHAPELLE FH, 2000, GROUNDWATER MICROBIO, P468 CHEBBO G, 1995, TSM, V11, P796 CHOCAT B, 1997, HOUILLE BLANCHE, V7, P12 CLESCERI LS, 1998, STANDARD METHODS EXA DATRY T, 2003, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V156, P339 DATRY T, 2003, CR BIOL, V326, P589 DATRY T, 2003, J HYDROL, V273, P217 DECHESNE M, 2002, CONNAISSANCE MODELIS, P277 FISCHER D, 2003, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V129, P464 FUJITA S, 1997, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V36, P289 HERMANN R, 1985, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V43, P1 LEGRET M, 1988, WATER RES, V22, P953 MALARD F, 1999, FRESHWATER BIOL, V41, P1 MARSALEK J, 1997, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V36, P117 MASON Y, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P1588 MONTGOMERY JH, 1996, GROUNDWATER CHEM DES, P1345 PITT R, 1999, URBAN WATER, V1, P217 STARR RC, 1993, GROUND WATER, V31, P934 SUMMER DM, 1998, WATER ENVIRON RES, V70, P997 NR 25 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIR JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 329 IS 1-3 BP 215 EP 229 PG 15 SC Environmental Sciences GA 844MS UT ISI:000223163000015 ER PT J AU Gross, B Montgomery-Brown, J Naumann, A Reinhard, M TI Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals and alkylphenol ethoxylate metabolites in an effluent-dominated river and wetland SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE emerging contaminants; pharmaceuticals endocrine; disruptors river; transport; wetland ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTE-WATER; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; CLOFIBRIC ACID; STW EFFLUENT; BEHAVIOR; IBUPROFEN AB The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, nonylphenol ethoxylate metabolites, and other wastewater-derived contaminants in surface waters is a potential environmental concern, especially since the discovery of contaminants with endocrine-disrupting properties. The present study investigated the discharge of emerging contaminants into the Santa Ana River (CA, USA) and their attenuation during river transport and passage through a constructed wetland. Contaminants studied included pharmaceuticals (gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and carbamazepine) and their metabolites, hormones, the metabolites of alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEMs), N-butyl benzenesulfonamide (NBBS), and chlorinated tris-propylphosphates (TCPPs). The APEMs included alkylphenols (APs), short-chain AP polyethoxylates (APEOs), AP polyethoxycarboxylates (APECs), and carboxylated APECs (CAPECs). In wastewater treatment plant effluent, APECs and CAPECs represented the dominant APEM fraction (1.8-18.7 mug/L), whereas APEOs and APs contributed only small amounts to the overall APEM concentrations (0.10-0.92 and less than or equal to 0.1 mug/L, respectively) except where the effluent was infiltrated into soil (5.2 mug/L). In effluents, ibuprofen and its metabolites TCPPs, and NBBS were detected regularly (<0.5 mug/L), and the other pharmaceuticals were detected occasionally. Transport in the Santa Ana River for 11 km resulted in the significant attenuation of all contaminants, from 67% for gemfibrozil to 100% for others. Wetland treatment (residence time, 2-4 d) resulted in partial removal of ibuprofen, gemfibrozil, and TCPPs and transformed APEOs to APECs. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Reinhard, M, Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM reinhard@stanford.edu CR *DEP CIV ENG, 1999, ORG CONT BEH GROUNDW *OR COUNT WAT DIST, 2001, ORG CONT BEH WETL TR AHEL M, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1131 AHEL M, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1143 BEZBARUAH AN, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1690 BUSER HR, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2529 DAGLEY S, 1975, ESSAYS BIOCHEM, V11, P81 DAUGHTON CG, 1999, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S6, V107, P907 DESBROW C, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1549 DICORCIA A, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P2401 DICORCIA A, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3914 DING WH, 1996, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V354, P48 DING WH, 1999, CHEMOSPHERE, V39, P1781 FUJITA Y, 1998, ARTIFICIAL RECHARGIN, P155 HALLINGSORENSEN B, 1998, CHEMOSPHERE, V36, P357 HEBERER T, 2002, TOXICOL LETT, V131, P5 HUPPERT N, 1998, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V362, P529 JOBLING S, 1996, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V15, P194 JONES OAH, 2001, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V22, P1383 KNIGHT RL, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P973 KOLPIN DW, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1202 LAI KM, 2002, CRIT REV TOXICOL, V32, P113 LANIEWSKI K, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3935 LIN AYC, 2003, ECOL ENG, V20, P75 MENDEZ GO, 2002, P AWRA SUMM SPEC C K, P567 MOL HGJ, 2000, J CHROMATOGR A, V879, P97 MONTGOMERYBROWN J, 2003, ENVIRON ENG SCI, V20, P471 MONTGOMERYBROWN J, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P3672 RODGERSGRAY TP, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P1521 ROSTAD CE, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P2703 ROUTLEDGE EJ, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1559 SACHER F, 1998, VOM WASSER, V90, P31 SCHULZ R, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P422 SPENGLER P, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P2133 STUMPF M, 1998, VOM WASSER, V91, P291 TERNES TA, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P3245 THIELE B, 1997, CHEM REV, V97, P3247 TIXIER C, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1061 WINKLER M, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P3197 ZWIENER C, 2002, ANAL BIOANAL CHEM, V372, P569 NR 40 TC 1 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2074 EP 2083 PG 10 SC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology GA 845JV UT ISI:000223239600004 ER PT J AU Bolto, B Dixon, D Eldridge, R TI Ion exchange for the removal of natural organic matter SO REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE ion exchange; natural organic matter; adsorption; humic acids; fulvic acids ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT; WEAK BASE RESINS; ANION-EXCHANGE; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; TRACE ORGANICS; RIVER WATER; COAGULATION; FRACTIONATION AB Because of their aliphatic and carboxylic acid structures, the polar components of natural organic matter (NOM), both charged and neutral, can give high yields of disinfection by-products (DBPs). For removal of charged organic species, ion exchange is better performing than coagulation with inorganic salts such as alum, as it very efficiently removes essentially all of the charged material, while alum preferentially removes only the larger molecules in these fractions. The influence of resin structure on performance is reviewed. There is an increase in NOM removal for quaternary ammonium resins of higher water content, with the more open structures allowing easier entry of the larger NOM species. Polar groups and the degree of crosslinking affect the water content of the resin. The environment around the nitrogen is evidently critical, with hydroxyethyl or the absence of two methyl groups on the N (as with a secondary amino group) being beneficial in NOM removal. Having a pendant OH group close to the quaternary nitrogen is a distinct advantage as the resins remove more NOM than would be expected from their water content: an appropriate balance of polar and non-polar regions in the resin structure appears to be required. Having a higher charge density than quaternary ammonium groups, protonated secondary amino sites have a greater affinity for hydrophilic counter ions. There is scope for the synthesis of improved resin systems, both strong and weak base. Thus chitosan, an amino polysaccharide, can function as a soluble cationic coagulant for NOM, as can polyethyleneimine. It is postulated that they act via hydrogen bonding, as a charge mechanism is unlikely because the polymers are only partially ionised at neutral pH. Crosslinked versions could therefore be effective in removing NOM. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIRO, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Chem Engn, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. CSIRO, Cap XX Pty Ltd, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. RP Bolto, B, CSIRO, POB 56,, Highett, Vic 3190, Australia. EM brian.bolto@csiro.chem.au CR AFCHARIAN A, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P2989 ANDERSON CT, 1979, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V71, P278 ANDERSON LG, 1974, TAPPI, V57, P102 ANDERSON RE, 1982, REACT POLYM, V1, P67 BOENING PH, 1980, J AWWA, V72, P54 BOGGS S, 1985, J MACROMOL SCI REV C, V25, P599 BOLTO A, 1978, DESALINATION, V25, P45 BOLTO B, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P71 BOLTO B, 2002, WATER RES, V36, P5057 BOLTO BA, 1995, PROG POLYM SCI, V20, P987 BOLTO BA, 1996, DESALINATION, V106, P137 BOLTO BA, 1998, CHEM WATER WASTEWATE, V5, P171 BOLTO BA, 1999, UNPUB BOURKE M, 1999, WATER, V26, P17 BRATTEBO H, 1987, WATER RES, V21, P1045 BURSILL DB, 1985, 11TH P FED C ART, P197 CARROLL T, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P2861 CHAE S, 2002, P IWA WAT C MELB CHOW C, 1999, COMMUNICATION CHOW CWK, UNPUB WATER RES CROUE JP, 1994, NATURAL ORGANIC MATT, P73 CROUE JP, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P207 DIAMOND RM, 1963, J PHYS CHEM-US, V67, P2513 DUGUET JP, 1997, P 21 C INT WAT SERV, SS13 EDZWALD JK, 1993, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V27, P21 EVANS S, 1979, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V13, P741 FETTIG J, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P173 GOTTLIEB MC, 1995, IND WATER TREATMENT, V61, P41 GUSTAFSON RL, 1968, IND ENG CHEM PROD RD, V7, P116 HEIJMAN SGJ, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P183 HODGKIN JH, 1988, REACT POLYM, V9, P285 HOLL WH, 1995, COMMUNICATION HONGVE D, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P215 HUANG HJ, 1993, P WAT TECHN C AM WAT, P257 HWANG CJ, 2001, 451 AWWARF JENSEN CH, 1965, J PHYS CHEM-US, V69, P3440 KIM BR, 1976, J WATER POLLUT CONTR, V48, P120 KIM PHS, 1991, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V83, P61 KOLLE W, 1979, P S PRACT APPL ADS T KOLLE W, 1984, EPA570984005 LANGE R, 2001, P 19 FED AWA CONV CA LAWRENCE J, 1989, ANAL TRACE ORGANICS, P313 LEFEBVRE E, 1993, WATER RES, V27, P433 MAMCHENKO AV, 1993, KHIMYA TEKHNOLGIYA V, V15, P270 MARHABA TF, 2000, OZONE-SCI ENG, V22, P249 MCGARVEY FX, 1995, P INT WAT C ENG SOC, P11 MCLEAN CD, 1976, J MACROMOL SCI CHEM, V10, P857 MEYERS PS, 1995, P INT WAT C ENG SOC, P1 NAUMCZYK J, 1989, WATER RES, V23, P1593 NGUYEN ML, 2002, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V94, P98 ODEGAARD H, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P37 PELEKANI C, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2807 ROOK JJ, 1979, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V71, P520 SANKS RL, 1973, EPAR273255 SEMMENS MJ, 1985, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V77, P79 SINGER PC, 2002, WATER RES, V36, P4009 SLUNJSKI M, 2002, WATER, V29, P42 STUMM W, 1992, CHEM SOLID WATER INT, P114 SYMONS J, 1995, ION EXCHANGE TECHNOL, P149 SYMONS JM, 1992, P INT WAT C ENG SOC, P92 THEBAULT P, 1981, WATER RES, V15, P183 THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY, P3 VANLEEUWEN J, 2002, P IWA WAT C MELB WEISS DE, 1966, AUST J CHEM, V19, P561 WONG S, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P3497 NR 65 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-5148 J9 REACT FUNCT POLYM JI React. Funct. Polym. PY 2004 VL 60 SI Sp. Iss. SI BP 171 EP 182 PG 12 SC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science GA 844FV UT ISI:000223144100017 ER PT J AU Zanardi-Lamardo, E Moore, CA Zika, RG TI Seasonal variation in molecular mass and optical properties of chromophoric dissolved organic material in coastal waters of southwest Florida SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE molecular mass; optical properties; CDOM; flow field-flow fractionation ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NATURAL-WATERS; FULVIC-ACID; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; COLLOIDAL MATERIAL; ORINOCO RIVER; MATTER; FLUORESCENCE AB One of the most important natural sunlight absorbing substances in water is the chromophoric dissolved organic material (CDOM). Its influence on optical properties has been studied for many years, but questions of how its structural and optical characteristics change in the environment still remain. CDOM water samples were collected from coastal waters of southwest Florida during three cruises in the year 2001: one in the dry season (June) and two in the rainy season (September and November). Analyses of molecular mass (MM) distribution and optical characteristics were done using the flow field-flow fractionation (FIFFF) separation technique with absorbance and fluorescence detectors. On the basis of the results, mixing, source variability, degradation, and excited state quenching processes are important determinants of CDOM composition and optical properties in this region. During the dry season, the MM distribution did not change significantly spatially. In September and November, higher MM compounds and an increase of CDOM fluorescence were observed, found inside the rivers and in near-coastal samples, consistent with the rivers being a significant CDOM source. Results suggest that chromophores were broken down to smaller MM compounds faster than fluorophores, indicating that the fluorescent moieties are more resistant to degrading/removal processes than the non-fluorescing compounds, even though the fluorophores were always centered at lower MM. On the other hand, the fluorescence quantum yield decreased faster than absorbance coefficients, suggesting that fluorophores were quenched by complexing with some metals. For all months, the chromophores' MM for offshore samples remained the same. The carbon concentration ratio between chromophores and fluorophores changed from lower to higher salinities, suggesting that the composition of the waters changed toward offshore. The differences in the optical characteristics, MM distributions, and carbon concentration observed suggest that the CDOM sources, physical, and photochemical degradation processes change seasonally. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zanardi-Lamardo, E, Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. 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Chem. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 89 IS 1-4 BP 37 EP 54 PG 18 SC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography GA 842OM UT ISI:000223013700004 ER PT J AU Zlotnik, VA TI A concept of maximum stream depletion rate for leaky aquifers in alluvial valleys SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aquitard; groundwater; hydraulic conductivity; leaky aquifer; streams; stream depletion rate ID WATER-BUDGET MYTH; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SEMIPERVIOUS BEDS; FLOW DEPLETION; SAFE YIELD; WELLS; MODEL; RIVER AB [1] Existing analytical models for evaluating stream depletion by wells in alluvial aquifers are based on the assumption that stream depletion supplies 100% of groundwater withdrawals. Analysis of specific hydrostratigraphic conditions in leaky aquifers indicates that stream depletion may range from 0 to 100%. A new concept of maximum stream depletion rate (MSDR) is introduced and defined as a maximum fraction of the pumping rate contributed by the stream depletion. Several new analytical solutions indicate that the MSDR is determined by aquifer hydrostratigraphic conditions, geometry of recharge and discharge zones, and locations of pumping wells. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Zlotnik, VA, Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, 214 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM vzlotnik@unl.edu CR ABRAMOWITZ M, 1964, HDB MATH FUNCTIONS F BARLOW PM, 1998, 98415A US GEOL SURV BREDEHOEFT J, 1997, GROUND WATER, V35, P929 BREDEHOEFT JD, 2002, GROUND WATER, V40, P340 BUTLER JJ, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P651 CARSLAW HS, 1960, CONDUCTION HEAT SOL CHEN X, 1998, COMPUT IND, V36, P5 DARAMA Y, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P79 GLOVER RE, 1954, EOS T AGU, V35, P468 HANTUSH MS, 1964, ADV HYDROSCI, V1, P281 HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 HEIJ GJ, 1989, J HYDROL, V108, P35 HUNT B, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P98 HUNT B, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P283 HUNT B, 2003, J HYDROL ENG, V8, P12 JENKINS CT, 1968, GROUND WATER, V6, P37 JIAO JJ, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V35, P747 KOLLET SJ, 2003, J HYDROL, V281, P96 LARKIN RG, 1992, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V104, P1608 MCGUIRE VM, 1998, 974266 US GEOL SURV MILLER J, 1997, 730D US GEOL SURV MOTZ LH, 1998, WATER RESOUR RES, V34, P159 NEUZIL CE, 1994, WATER RESOUR RES, V30, P145 NYHOLM T, 2002, GROUND WATER, V40, P425 NYHOLM T, 2003, J HYDROL, V274, P129 SHARP JM, 1988, GEOLOGY N AM O, V2, P272 SOPHOCLEOUS M, 1997, GROUND WATER, V35, P561 SOPHOCLEOUS MA, 1988, J HYDROL, V98, P249 THEIS CV, 1940, CIVIL ENG, V10, P277 THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 VANDERKAMP G, 2001, HYDROGEOL J, V9, P5 WALLACE RB, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P1263 WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 ZLOTNIK VA, 1993, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V28, P409 ZLOTNIK VA, 1998, J HYDROL, V204, P283 ZLOTNIK VA, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P599 ZLOTNIK VA, 1999, P WAT 99 C BRISB JUL, P221 NR 37 TC 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 24 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 6 AR W06507 PG 9 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 839JA UT ISI:000222778700004 ER PT J AU Pavlovic, G Prohic, E Tibljas, D TI Statistical assessment of geochemical pattern in overbank sediments of the river Sava, Croatia SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE overbank profiles; major and trace elements; bimodal frequency distribution; analysis of variance; Hg-Pb-Ba anomaly; the river Sava; Western Croatia ID TRACE-METAL CONCENTRATIONS; HEAVY-METALS; ALLUVIAL SEDIMENTS; NORTHEAST ENGLAND; TYNE BASIN; ELEMENTS; BELGIUM; AREA; NETHERLANDS; SYSTEMS AB Four overbank profiles from the three terraces of different age were sampled in 10 to 20 cm intervals for the bulk content of major and minor (Ca, Mg, Fe, Ti, Al, Na, K and P) and trace (Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, As, U, Th, Sr, Cd, Sb, V, La, Cr, Ba, W, Zr, Ce, Sn, Y, Nb, Ta, Sc, Li, Rb and Hf) elements in the minus 0.125 mm fraction. Univariate statistics together with analysis of variance discriminated between the lower-lying carbonate (CA) population dominantly composed of carbonates and the overlying silicate (SI) population being dominantly of silicate mineralogy. This stratified pattern resulted from the intensive erosive action of melting glaciers exerted on limestones and dolomites in the alpine region, followed by local inputs mainly of silicate composition. Elements exhibiting the greatest between-population variability are Ca and Mg being enriched in the CA population and Fe, Mn, P, Sr, Al, Na, K, Li, Rb, Y, Zr, Ni, Cr and Ti being enriched in the SI population. Anomalously high Hg, Pb and Ba concentrations (maximum values: 6,500+/-2,860 ppb, 225+/-13 ppm and 1,519+/-91 ppm, respectively) in the lowermost part of the profile S7, which is nearest to the Croatian-Slovenian border, derive from the mineralized Slovenian catchment area. This profile also contains trimodal frequency distributions of Fe, Mn and P whose highest concentrations coincide with increased values of Zn and Cu which are bimodally distributed. Geochemical patterns of majority of elements in all four profiles consistently reflect the average compositions of the upstream drainage basins. C1 Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Inst Mineral & Petrog, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RP Pavlovic, G, Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Inst Mineral & Petrog, Horvatovac Bb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. 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Geol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 132 EP 143 PG 12 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 840ND UT ISI:000222864800014 ER PT J AU Fox, GA TI Evaluation of a stream aquifer analysis test using analytical solutions and field data SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE ground water hydrology; surface water hydrology; stream depletion; streambed conductivity; stream/aquifer analysis test; alluvial aquifer ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; DEPLETION; WELLS; WATER; GROUNDWATER; RIVER; SLUG AB Considerable advancements have been made in the development of analytical solutions for predicting the effects of pumping wells on adjacent streams and rivers. However, these solutions have not been sufficiently evaluated against field data. The objective of this research is to evaluate the predictive performance of recently proposed analytical solutions for unsteady stream depletion using field data collected during a stream/aquifer analysis test at the Tamarack State Wildlife Area in eastern Colorado. Two primary stream/aquifer interactions exist at the Tamarack site: (1) between the South Platte River and the alluvial aquifer and (2) between a backwater stream and the alluvial aquifer. A pumping test is performed next to the backwater stream channel. Drawdown measured in observation wells is matched to predictions by recently proposed analytical solutions to derive estimates of aquifer and streambed parameters. These estimates are compared to documented aquifer properties and field measured streambed conductivity. The analytical solutions are capable of estimating reasonable values of both aquifer and streambed parameters with one solution capable of simultaneously estimating delayed aquifer yield and stream flow recharge. However, for long term water management, it is reasonable to use simplified analytical solutions not concerned with early-time delayed yield effects. For this site, changes in the water level in the stream during the test and a varying water level profile at the beginning of the pumping test influence the application of the analytical solutions. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Fox, GA, Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, 208 Carrier Hall, University, MS 38677 USA. EM gafox@olemiss.edu CR ALYAMANI MS, 1993, GROUND WATER, V31, P551 ANDERSON MP, 1992, APPL GROUNDWATER MOD BOUWER H, 1976, WATER RESOUR RES, V12, P423 BURNS AW, 1985, 844010 US GEOL SURV BUTLER JJ, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P651 CALVER A, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P546 CHARBENEAU RJ, 2000, GROUNDWATER HYDRAULI FOX GA, 2002, GROUND WATER, V40, P378 FOX GA, 2003, THESIS COLORADO STAT HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 HUNT B, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P98 HUNT B, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P283 HUNT B, 2003, J HYDROL ENG, V8, P12 HUNT B, 2003, J HYDROL ENG, V8, P222 HURR RT, 1973, 73125 US GEOL SURV HVORSLEV MJ, 1951, US ARMY WATERWAYS EX, V36 KOLLET SJ, 2003, J HYDROL, V281, P96 LANDON MK, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P870 LARKIN RG, 1992, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V104, P1608 LEE DR, 1978, J GEOL EDUC, V27, P6 MCMAHON PB, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P2561 NYHOLM T, 2000, THESIS U AARHUS DENM NYHOLM T, 2002, GROUND WATER, V40, P425 SOPHOCLEOUS M, 2002, HYDROGEOL J, V10, P52 SPRINGER AE, 1999, GROUND WATER, V27, P338 VUKOVIC M, 1992, DETERMINATION HYDRAU ZLOTNIK V, 1994, GROUND WATER, V32, P761 NR 27 TC 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR ASSOC JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 755 EP 763 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 835LL UT ISI:000222484600015 ER PT J AU Taylor, R Cronin, A Pedley, S Barker, J Atkinson, T TI The implications of groundwater velocity variations on microbial transport and wellhead protection - review of field evidence SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteria; viruses; groundwater; transport; tracers; protection ID DRINKING-WATER; GRAVEL AQUIFER; BACTERIAL TRANSPORT; INDICATOR BACTERIA; TRACER EXPERIMENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENTERIC VIRUSES; SANDY AQUIFER; RISK-FACTORS; CONTAMINATION AB Current strategies to protect groundwater sources from microbial contamination (e.g., wellhead protection areas) rely upon natural attenuation of microorganisms between wells or springs and potential sources of contamination and are determined using average (macroscopic) groundwater flow velocities defined by Darcy's Law. However, field studies of sewage contamination and microbial transport using deliberately applied tracers provide evidence of groundwater flow paths that permit the transport of microorganisms by rapid, statistically extreme velocities. These paths can be detected because of (i) the high concentrations of bacteria and viruses that enter near-surface environments in sewage or are deliberately applied as tracers (e.g., bacteriophage); and (ii) low detection limits of these microorganisms in water. Such paths must comprise linked microscopic pathways (sub-paths) that are biased toward high groundwater velocities. In media where microorganisms may be excluded from the matrix (pores and fissures), the disparity between the average linear velocity of groundwater flow and flow velocities transporting released or applied microorganisms is intensified. It is critical to recognise the limited protection afforded by source protection measures that disregard rapid, statistically extreme groundwater velocities transporting pathogenic microorganisms, particularly in areas dependent upon untreated groundwater supplies. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies. C1 Univ Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC1H 0AP, England. Univ Surrey, Robens Ctr Publ & Environm Hlth, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Univ Coll London, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Taylor, R, Univ Coll London, Dept Geog, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP, England. 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Ecol. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 SC Microbiology GA 836IL UT ISI:000222549000003 ER PT J AU Kalin, RM TI Engineered passive bioreactive barriers: risk-managing the legacy of industrial soil and groundwater pollution SO CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; ZERO-VALENT IRON; IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CONTAMINANT DEGRADING BACTERIA; CARBON-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; LABORATORY AQUIFER COLUMNS; FLUIDIZED-BED BIOREACTOR; HOLLOW-FIBER MEMBRANES; FIELD-SCALE EVALUATION AB Permeable reactive barriers are a technology that is one decade old, with most full-scale applications based on abiotic mechanisms. Though there is extensive literature on engineered bioreactors, natural biodegradation potential, and in situ remediation, it is only recently that engineered passive bioreactive barrier technology is being considered at the commercial scale to manage contaminated soil and groundwater risks. Recent full-scale studies are providing the scientific confidence in our understanding of coupled microbial (and genetic), hydrogeologic, and geochemical processes in this approach and have highlighted the need to further integrate engineering and science tools. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Civil Engn, Environm Engn Res Ctr, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Kalin, RM, Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Civil Engn, Environm Engn Res Ctr, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. 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SCHOEFS O, 2003, CHEM ENG RES DES, V81, P1279 SCHROTH MH, 2001, J CONTAM HYDROL, V51, P179 SCHUTH C, 2000, J CONTAM HYDROL, V66, P25 SHIMOMURA T, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P2383 SMITH CC, 2001, ENG GEOL, V1, P253 SNAPE I, 2001, COLD REG SCI TECHNOL, V32, P157 SPEITEL GE, 2001, BIOREMEDIAT J, V5, P1 STEINLE P, 1999, BIOREM J, V3, P223 STEMBAL T, 2004, IN PRESS PROCESS BIO STRIEGEL J, 2001, ENV GEOSCIENCES, V8, P258 STRONGGUNDERSON JM, 1997, FEMS MICROBIOL LETT, V148, P131 SUBLETTE KL, 1997, APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH, V65, P823 THOMAS AO, 1995, CONTAMINATED SOIL, V2, P1083 THULLNER M, 2004, J CONTAM HYDROL, V70, P37 TORSVIK V, 1998, J BIOTECHNOL, V64, P53 TRATNYEK PG, 1996, CHEM IND-LONDON 0701, P499 TRATNYEK PG, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P4435 TROQUET J, 2003, BIOCH ENG J, V2, P103 TRUAX DD, 1995, WASTE MANAGE, V15, P351 TRUAX DD, 1997, FUEL EN ABSTR, V38, P47 VANDEVIVERE P, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1 VOGAN JL, 1999, J HAZARD MATER, V68, P97 WAN MW, 2004, CARBOHYD POLYM, V55, P249 WANG LK, 1996, BIOTECHNOL ADV, V14, P616 WANG S, 2003, J CONTAM HYDROL, V64, P283 WANG ZS, 1998, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V37, P97 WARITH M, 1999, WASTE MANAGE, V19, P9 WATANABE E, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P332 WATANABE K, 2002, ANTON LEEUW INT J G, V81, P655 WEBER WJ, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1407 WEINER JM, 1998, BIOREMEDIATION J, V2, P159 WILKIN RT, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V53, P715 WILSON SC, 1993, ENVIRON POLLUT, V81, P229 WITT ME, 2002, J CONTAM HYDROL, V57, P61 WOINARSKI Z, 2003, COLD REGIONS SCI TEC, V37, P159 WONG JWC, 2002, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V23, P15 YEOM IT, 1998, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V37, P111 ZAPPI ME, 1996, J HAZARD MATER, V46, P1 ZHANG W, 1995, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V31, P1 NR 201 TC 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5274 J9 CURR OPIN MICROBIOL JI Curr. Opin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP 227 EP 238 PG 12 SC Microbiology GA 836CY UT ISI:000222534100005 ER PT J AU Cahill, JD Furlong, ET Burkhardt, MR Kolpin, D Anderson, LG TI Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in surface- and ground-water samples by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE water analysis; environmental analysis; drugs ID DRINKING-WATER; CLOFIBRIC ACID; DRUG RESIDUES; WASTE-WATER; SEWAGE; CONTAMINANTS AB Commonly used prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals are possibly present in surface- and ground-water samples at ambient concentrations less than 1 mug/L. In this report, the performance characteristics of a combined solid-phase extraction isolation and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analytical procedure for routine determination of the presence and concentration of human-health pharmaceuticals are described. This method was developed and used in a recent national reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals in USA surface waters. The selection of pharmaceuticals evaluated for this method was based on usage estimates, resulting in a method that contains compounds from diverse chemical classes, which presents challenges and compromises when applied as a single routine analysis. The method performed well for the majority of the 22 pharmaceuticals evaluated, with recoveries greater than 60% for 12 pharmaceuticals. The recoveries of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, a histamine (H2) receptor antagonist, and antihypoglycemic compound classes were less than 50%, but were retained in the method to provide information describing the potential presence of these compounds in environmental samples and to indicate evidence of possible matrix enhancing effects. Long-term recoveries, evaluated from reagent-water fortifications processed over 2 years, were similar to initial method performance. Method detection limits averaged 0.022 mug/L, sufficient for expected ambient concentrations. Compound-dependent matrix effects on HPLC/ESI-MS analysis, including enhancement and suppression of ionization, were observed as a 20-30% increase in measured concentrations for three compounds and greater than 50% increase for two compounds. Changing internal standard and more frequent ESI source maintenance minimized matrix effects. Application of the method in the national survey demonstrates that several pharmaceuticals are routinely detected at 0.010-0.100 mug/L concentrations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Furlong, ET, US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 407, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM efurlong@usgs.gov CR BUSER HR, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P188 BUSER HR, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3449 BUSER HR, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2529 FURLONG ET, 2000, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V248, P135 HEBERER T, 1997, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V6, P438 HEBERER T, 1997, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V67, P113 HEBERER T, 1998, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V26, P272 HIRSCH R, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P109 KOLPIN DW, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1202 MOHLE E, 1999, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V27, P430 PORTER R, 1997, GREATEST BENEFIT MAN SANDOW N, 1998, RX LIST INTERNET DRU SHELTON LR, 1994, 94455 US GEOL SURV, P42 STUMPF M, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P135 TERNES TA, 1998, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V362, P329 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V228, P87 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V228, P89 ZOELLER J, 1999, AM DRUGGIST, V215, P46 NR 18 TC 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 1041 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 180 PG 10 SC Chemistry, Analytical; Biochemical Research Methods GA 832RN UT ISI:000222284700019 ER PT J AU Mermillod-Blondin, F Gaudet, JP Gerino, M Desrosiers, G Jose, J des Chatelliers, MC TI Relative influence of bioturbation and predation on organic matter processing in river sediments: a microcosm experiment SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem engineers; functional diversity; interstitial invertebrates; microbial activity; river sediments ID HYPORHEIC ZONE; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TROPICAL STREAM; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; POROUS-MEDIA; ETS ACTIVITY; INVERTEBRATES; WATER AB 1. Our objective was to measure the effects of bioturbation and predation on the physical characteristics and biogeochemical processes in river sediments. 2. We investigated the impacts of tubificid worms tested separately and together with an omnivore (Gammarus pulex), which does feed on tubificids, on sediment distribution, water flux, sediment organic carbon, biofilm biomass and microbial activities, and the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, PO43-, NO3-, NO2- and NH4+ in slow filtration sand-gravel columns. We hypothesised that gammarids, which exploit the top 2-3 cm of the sediment, would modify the impact of worms at the sediment surface. 3. In experiments both with and without gammarids, bioturbation by the tubificids modified both the distribution of surface particles in the sediment column and water flux. In addition, microbial aerobic (oxygen consumption) and anaerobic (denitrification and fermentative decomposition of organic matter) processes in the sediment were stimulated in the presence of tubificid worms. However, G. pulex did not affect either the density or bioturbation activity of the tubificid worms. 4. Bioturbation by the benthos can be a major process in river habitats, contributing to the retention of organic matter in sediment dynamics. The presence of at least one predator had no effect on bioturbation in sediments. In such systems, physical heterogeneity may be sufficient for tubificids to escape from generalist predators, though more specialised ones might have more effect. C1 Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023, LEHF, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. UJF, CNRS,UMR 5564, LTHE, INPG,IRD, Grenoble, France. UPS, CNRS, FRE 2630, LEH, Toulouse, France. Univ Quebec, ISMER, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. Univ Lyon 1, EA 1890, LICAS, Villeurbanne, France. RP Mermillod-Blondin, F, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023, LEHF, Domaine Sci de la Doua, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. EM mermillo@univ-lyon1.fr CR ALLER RC, 1988, NITROGEN CYCLING COA, P301 ALLER RC, 1994, CHEM GEOL, V114, P331 BOTT TL, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V50, P508 BOUGUENEC V, 1989, ACTA OECOL-OEC APPL, V10, P177 BOULTON AJ, 1998, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V29, P59 BOULTON AJ, 2000, PROC INT ASSOC THE 1, V27, P51 CLARET C, 1998, AQUAT SCI, V60, P33 CUMMINS KW, 1974, BIOSCIENCE, V24, P631 CUMMINS KW, 1979, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V10, P147 DAHL J, 1998, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V361, P67 DANIELOPOL DL, 1989, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V8, P18 DANIELOPOL DL, 1990, B I GEOLOGIQUE BASSI, V47, P287 DICK JTA, 1999, J ZOOL 4, V249, P463 DOUGLAS PL, 1994, OECOLOGIA, V98, P48 FISHER JB, 1980, J GEOPHYS RES, V85, P3997 FLECKER AS, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P1845 FRUGET JF, 1989, THESIS U LYON 1 FRAN GAUDET JP, 1977, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V41, P665 GERINO M, 1990, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V207, P251 GERINO M, 1994, OCEANOL ACTA, V17, P547 GIANI N, 1984, THESIS U P SABATIER GRIEBLER C, 1996, ARCH HYDROBIOL S, V113, P405 HANSEN K, 1997, ESTUAR COAST SHELF S, V45, P613 HOURIDAVIGNON C, 1989, ENVIRON TECHNOL LETT, V10, P91 HULOT FD, 2000, NATURE, V405, P340 JONES CG, 1994, OIKOS, V69, P373 JONSSON M, 2003, OECOLOGIA, V134, P554 JORGENSEN PE, 1992, WATER RES, V26, P1495 JURY WA, 1990, TRANSFER FUNCTIONS S KELLY DW, 2002, FRESHWATER BIOL, V47, P1257 KELLY DW, 2002, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V485, P199 MARTINET F, 1993, THESIS U LYON 1 FRAN MAURINESCARBONEILL C, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P1213 MENGE BA, 1994, ECOL MONOGR, V64, P249 MERMILLODBLONDI.G, 2003, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V156, P203 MERMILLODBLONDI.G, 2003, HYDROLOGICAL PROCESS, V17, P779 MERMILLODBLONDIN F, 2000, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V149, P467 MERMILLODBLONDIN F, 2000, FRESHWATER BIOL, V44, P255 MERMILLODBLONDIN F, 2001, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V58, P1747 MERMILLODBLONDIN F, 2002, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V21, P132 MIRON G, 1991, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V145, P65 MURPHY EM, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P1087 PELEGRI SP, 1994, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V105, P285 PETERSON GL, 1977, ANAL BIOCHEM, V83, P346 PRINGLE CM, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V93, P1 ROGAAR H, 1980, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V71, P107 ROSENBERG R, 2000, MAR BIOL, V136, P43 SCHOEN R, 1999, J HYDROL, V215, P82 STATZNER B, 2000, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V45, P1030 STIEF P, 2002, AQUAT MICROB ECOL, V27, P175 STOREY RG, 1999, FRESHWATER BIOL, V41, P119 SVENSSON JM, 1996, FRESHWATER BIOL, V35, P289 TANIGUCHI M, 1990, J HYDROL, V119, P57 THULLNER M, 2002, J CONTAM HYDROL, V58, P169 TORIDE N, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P2167 TORREITER P, 1994, P 2 INT C GROUND WAT, P85 TRISKA FJ, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1893 TRISKA FJ, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V251, P167 USIO N, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V124, P608 VANDEBUND WJ, 1994, J N AMER BENTHOL SOC, V13, P532 WISNIEWSKI RJ, 1978, EKOL POL, V26, P493 WOTTON RS, 1998, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V43, P719 YINGST JY, 1980, MARINE BENTHIC DYNAM, P407 ZANETELL BA, 1996, FRESHWATER BIOL, V36, P569 NR 64 TC 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 49 IS 7 BP 895 EP 912 PG 18 SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 829SL UT ISI:000222069900004 ER PT J AU Chung, JB Kim, SH Jeong, BR Lee, YD TI Removal of organic matter and nitrogen from river water in a model floodplain SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITRATE DEPLETION; DENITRIFICATION; AQUIFER; INFILTRATION; GROUNDWATER; SOIL; SWITZERLAND; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE; OXYGEN AB A significant improvement in river water quality cannot be expected unless nonpoint-source contaminants are treated in addition to the further treatment of point-source contaminants. If river water is sprayed over a floodplain, the consequent water filtration through the sediment profile can simultaneously remove organic matter and nitrogen in the water through aerobic and denitrifying reactions. This hypothesis was tested using lysimeters constructed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe (150 cm long, 15 cm in diameter) packed with loamy sand floodplain sediment. Water was applied to the top of the lysimeters at three different flow rates (48, 54, and 68 mm d(-1)). Concentrations of NO3 and dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and redox potential (Eh) in the water were measured as functions of depth after the system reached steady states for both water flow and reactions. At the rate of 68.0 mm d(-1), a reducing condition for denitrification developed below the 5-cm depth due to the depletion of 02 by organic matter degradation in the surface oxidizing layer; Eh and DO were below 205 mV and 0.4 mg L-1, respectively. At a depth of 70 cm, COD and NO3-N concentration decreased to 5.2 and 3.8 mg L-1 from the respective influent concentrations of 17.1 and 6.2 mg L-1. Most biodegradable organic matter was removed during flow and further removal of NO3 was limited by the lack of an electron donor (i.e., organic matter). These results indicate that the floodplain filtration technique has great promise for treatment of contaminated river water. C1 Daegu Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Gyongsan 712714, South Korea. Daegu Univ, Dept Agron, Gyongsan 712714, South Korea. Yeungnam Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. RP Chung, JB, Daegu Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Gyongsan 712714, South Korea. EM jbchung@daegu.ac.kr CR *AM PUBL HLTH ASS, 1998, STAND METH EX WAT WA *KOR WAT RES CORP, 1996, SURV REP ALL AQ KOR BOURG ACM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P661 CHO CM, 1997, CAN J SOIL SCI, V77, P253 CHO JY, 2000, AGR CHEM BIOTECHNOL, V43, P254 CHUNG JB, 1997, KOREAN J ENV AGR, V16, P187 CICERONE RJ, 1987, SCIENCE, V237, P35 COLLIN M, 1988, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V52, P1559 COOPER AB, 1990, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V202, P13 DENDOOVEN L, 1994, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V26, P361 DESIMONE LA, 1998, WATER RESOUR RES, V34, P271 GRIMALDI C, 2000, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V124, P95 GROFFMAN PM, 1991, J ENVIRON QUAL, V20, P671 HAYCOCK NE, 1993, HYDROL PROCESS, V7, P287 JACOBS LA, 1988, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V52, P2693 KWUN S, 1998, J KOREAN SOC ENV ENG, V20, P1497 MAGG M, 1997, J ENVIRON QUAL, V26, P215 OUYANG Y, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1695 ROLSTON DE, 1976, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V40, P259 SMITH RL, 1988, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V54, P1071 THOMPSON SP, 2000, J ENVIRON QUAL, V29, P1914 TSUSHIMA K, 2002, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V137, P167 TUFENKJI N, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, A422 VANCE GF, 1994, SOIL ENV QUALITY VONGUNTEN HR, 1986, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V29, P333 YUNG YL, 1976, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V3, P619 NR 26 TC 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1017 EP 1023 PG 7 SC Environmental Sciences GA 822BK UT ISI:000221509200027 ER PT J AU Ray, C TI Modeling RBF efficacy for migrating chemical shock loads SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RIVER WATER; COLLECTOR WELLS; DRINKING-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; INFILTRATION; FILTRATION; GROUNDWATER; AQUIFER AB Riverbank filtration (RBF) offers several advantages over the direct use of surface water. A number of dissolved and suspended contaminants of surface water-including pathogens and microscopic particles-are removed during passage of surface water through the river sediment-aquifer system. Many dissolved chemicals undergo biogeochemical reactions and dilution, leading to reductions in concentrations of parent species. This research examined the potential of RBF systems to attenuate chemical shock loads that may result from chemical spills or spring flooding in agricultural watersheds. Scenarios simulated both horizontal and vertical wells, with riverbed and bank hydraulic properties varying as a function of river stage. The solute transport equation considered a range of reaction parameters. Sensitivity analysis showed that the hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed or bank materials had a pronounced effect on filtrate quality. For materials with low hydraulic conductivity, the effect on filtrate quality would be minimal, and the lag time between the contaminant peak concentrations in the surface water and the pumped water would be significant. However, further biogeochemical modeling is needed to predict the fate of contaminants during their transit to the pumping wells. Use of backup vertical wells or selected laterals of a collector well could effectively mitigate the risks. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Ray, C, Univ Hawaii, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2540 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM cray@hawaii.edu CR *ASTM, 1999, ASTM BOOK STAND *US GEOL SURV, 2003, NAT WAT QUAL ASS PRO BOURG ACM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P661 GRISCHEK T, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P450 HARBAUGH AW, 1996, 96485 US GEOL SURV HAVELAAR AH, 1995, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V31, P55 HEBERER T, 1997, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V67, P113 JACOBS LA, 1988, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V52, P2693 KUHN W, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P60 LUDWIG U, 1997, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V25, P145 MALZER HJ, 1993, WATER SUPPLY, V11, P165 MALZER HJ, 2003, RIVERBANK FILTRATION MANIA J, 1989, GEODERMA, V44, P219 MEDEMA GJ, 2000, P INT RIV FILTR C IN MEHNERT E, 1996, P 6 ANN C ILL GROUND MIETTINEN IT, 1994, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V30, P179 MIKELS MS, 1992, J AWWA, V84, P77 RAY C, 1998, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V90, P90 RAY C, 2001, P AWWA ANN C WASH RAY C, 2002, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V94, P149 RAY C, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P235 RAY C, 2003, RIVERBANK FILTRATION SCHIJVEN JF, 1996, FIELD OBSERVATIONS C SCHIJVEN JF, 2001, THESIS TU DELFT NETH SCHUBERT J, 2003, RIVERBANK FILTRATION SONTHEIMER H, 1980, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V72, P386 SONTHEIMER H, 1991, TRINKWASSER RHEIN BE TUVENKJI N, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, A423 VERSTRAETEN IM, 1999, J ENVIRON QUAL, V28, P1396 VONGUNTEN HR, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P3597 VONGUNTEN U, 1993, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V57, P3895 VUKOVIC M, 1992, DETERMINING HYDRAULI WANG J, 1995, P WQTC AWWA DENV WANG J, 2002, RIVERBANK FILTRATION WEISS WJ, 2003, RIVERBANK FILTRATION WILDERER PA, 1985, ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE ZHENG C, 1992, MT3D VERSION 1 8 DOC NR 37 TC 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 114 EP 128 PG 15 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 823QI UT ISI:000221627600018 ER PT J AU Masters, RW Verstraeten, IM Heberer, T TI Fate and transport of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds during ground water recharge SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID WASTE-WATER; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; DRINKING-WATER; RESIDUES; DRUGS; CONTAMINATION; REMOVAL; SEWAGE C1 NGWA, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. USGS, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Food Chem, D-13355 Berlin, Germany. RP Masters, RW, NGWA, 601 Dempsey Rd, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. EM rmasters@ngwa.org imverstr@usgs.gov heberer@foodchemistry.de CR 1998, OFFICIAL J L, V330 *COMM EUR COMM, 2001, COMM COMM COUNC EUR, P262 ANKLEY G, 1998, RES PLAN ENDOCRINE D CRISP TM, 1998, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S1, V106, P11 DAUGHTON CG, 1999, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S6, V107, P907 DAUGHTON CG, 2001, ACS S SERIES, V791 DIETER HH, 2003, TRINKWASSERVERODNUNG, P115 GIBBS PE, 1987, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V67, P507 GIBBS PE, 1996, TRIBUTYLTIN CASE STU, P212 GILLESBY BE, 1998, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V17, P3 GULDEN M, 1998, UBA TEXTE, P66 HAYES TB, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P5476 HEBERER T, 1997, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V6, P438 HEBERER T, 1998, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V26, P272 HEBERER T, 2002, TOXICOL LETT, V131, P5 HEBERER T, 2002, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V46, P81 KOLPIN DW, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1202 KUMMERER K, 2001, CHEMOSPHERE, V45, P957 MASTERS RW, 2001, WATER WELL J, V55, P16 METCALFE CD, 1999, IMPACT ASSESSMENT HA, P29 SACHER F, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V938, P199 SEILER RL, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P405 SNYDER SA, 2001, ACS SYM SER, V791, P116 TERNES TA, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P3245 TERNES TA, 2001, ACS SYM SER, V791, P39 NR 25 TC 0 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT REMEDIAT JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 54 EP 57 PG 4 SC Water Resources GA 823FI UT ISI:000221594900004 ER PT J AU Cordy, GE Duran, NL Bouwer, H Rice, RC Furlong, ET Zaugg, SD Meyer, MT Barber, LB Kolpin, DW TI Do pharmaceuticals, pathogens, and other organic waste water compounds persist when waste water is used for recharge? SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GROUNDWATER; LEGIONELLA; SALMONELLA; EFFLUENT; FATE; ENVIRONMENT AB A proof-of-concept experiment was devised to determine if pharmaceuticals and other organic waste water compounds (OWCs), as well as pathogens, found in treated effluent could be transported through a 2.4 m soil column and, thus, potentially reach ground water under recharge conditions similar to those in and or semiarid climates. Treated effluent was applied at the top of the 2.4 m long, 32.5 cm diameter soil column over 23 days. Samples of the column inflow were collected from the effluent storage tank at the beginning (T-begin) and end (T-end) of the experiment, and a sample of the soil column drainage at the base of the column (Bend) was collected at the end of the experiment. Samples were analyzed for 131 OWCs including veterinary and human antibiotics, other prescription and nonprescription drugs, widely used household and industrial chemicals, and steroids and reproductive hormones, as well as the pathogens Salmonella and Legionella. Analytical results for the two effluent samples taken at the beginning (Tbegin) and end (Tend) of the experiment indicate that the number of OWCs detected in the column inflow decreased by 25% (eight compounds) and the total concentration of OWCs decreased by 46% while the effluent was in the storage tank during the 23-day experiment. After percolating through the soil column, an additional 18 compounds detected in Tend (67% of OWCs) were no longer detected in the effluent (Bend) and the total concentration of OWCs decreased by more than 70%. These compounds may have been subject to transformation (biotic and abiotic), adsorption, and (or) volatilization in the storage tank and during travel through the soil column. Eight compounds-carbamazapine; sulfamethoxazole; benzophenone; 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole; N, N-diethyltoluamide; tributylphosphate; tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate; and cholesterol-were detected in all three samples indicating they have the potential to reach ground water under recharge conditions similar to those in and and semiarid climates. Results from real-time polymerase chain reactions demonstrated the presence of Legionella in all three samples. Salmonella was detected only in Tbegin, suggesting that the bacteria died off in the effluent storage tank over the period of the experiment. This proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that, under recharge conditions similar to those in and or semiarid climates, some pharmaceuticals, pathogens, and other OWCs can persist in treated effluent after soil-aquifer treatment. C1 USGS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US EPA, Border Off, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. GeoSyst Anal Inc, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. USGS, Kansas Dist Organ Geochem Res Grp, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. USGS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USGS, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. RP Cordy, GE, USGS, 520 N Pk Ave,Ste 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM gcordy@usgs.gov duran.norma@epa.gov hbouwer@uswl.ars.ag.gov riceqhb@netscape.net efurlong@usgs.gov sdzaugg@usgs.gov mmeyer@usgs.gov lbbarber@usgs.gov dwkolpin@usgs.gov CR 2002, ULLMANNS ENCY IND CH ATLAS RM, 1999, ENVIRON MICROBIOL, V1, P283 BARBER LB, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P4805 BARNES KK, 2002, 0294 US GEOL SURV BOUWER H, 1990, J SOIL WATER CONSERV, V45, P184 BOUWER H, 2000, J ENVIRON HEALTH, V63, P17 BOUWER H, 2002, HYDROGEOL J, V10, P121 BUSER HR, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3449 CLAUDON DG, 1971, APPL MICROBIOL, V21, P875 COHEN HJ, 1996, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V62, P4303 DAUGHTON CG, 1999, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S6, V107, P907 DREWES JE, 2001, ACS SYM SER, V79, P206 DREWES JE, 2003, GROUND WATER MONIT R, V23, P64 FLUIT AC, 1999, EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL, V18, P761 FURLONG ET, 2003, P 3 INT C PHARM END, P60 GEBREYES WA, 2000, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V38, P4633 HEBERER T, 2001, P 2 INT C PHARM END, P154 IRWIN RJ, 1997, ENV CONTAMINANTS ENC IWLDE FD, 1999, HDB WATER RESOURCES, V9, P27 KAMPELMACHER EH, 1976, ZENTRALBLATT BAKTE 1, V162, P307 KOLPIN DW, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1202 LATCH DE, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P3342 MAHBUBANI MH, 1990, MOL CELL PROBE, V4, P175 MARTIN JN, 1999, J INFECT DIS, V180, P1809 MASTERS PA, 2003, ARCH INTERN MED, V163, P402 OGRAM A, 1998, TECHNIQUES MICROBIAL, P273 PALMER CJ, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P3618 PASZKOKOLVA C, 1992, FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL, V102, P45 QUANRUD DM, 1996, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V33, P419 RICE RC, 1974, J WATER POLLUTION CO, V46, P708 RIFFARD S, 2001, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V43, P99 ROE MT, 2003, EMERG INFECT DIS, V9, P822 SCOTT TM, 2002, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V68, P5796 SEDLAK DL, 2003, P 3 INT C PHARM END, V293 SMALL AW, 1895, AM J SOCIOL, V1, P1 TERNES TA, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P3245 TOZE S, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P3545 WESTERHOFF P, 2000, WASTE MANAGE, V20, P75 ZHAO SH, 2001, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V67, P1558 NR 39 TC 0 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT REMEDIAT JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 58 EP 69 PG 12 SC Water Resources GA 823FI UT ISI:000221594900005 ER PT J AU Heberer, T Mechlinski, A Fanck, B Knappe, A Massmann, G Pekdeger, A Fritz, B TI Field studies on the fate and transport of pharmaceutical residues in bank filtration SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MUNICIPAL SEWAGE; BERLIN SURFACE; GROUND-WATER; GC-MS; REMOVAL; METABOLITES AB Bank filtration and artificial ground water recharge are important, effective, and cheap techniques for surface water treatment and removal of microbes, as well as inorganic, and some organic, contaminants. Nevertheless, physical, chemical, and biological processes of the removal of impurities are not understood sufficiently. A research project titled Natural and Artificial Systems for Recharge and Infiltration attempts to provide more clarity in the processes affecting the removal of these contaminants. The project focuses on the fate and transport of selected emerging contaminants during bank filtration at two transects in Berlin, Germany. Several detections of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in ground water samples from bank filtration sites in Germany led to furthering research on the removal of these compounds during bank filtration. In this study, six PhACs including the analgesic drugs diclofenac and propyphenazone, the antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine and primidone, and the drug metabolites clofibric acid and 1-acetyl-1-methyl-2-dimethyl-oxamoyl-2-phenylhydrazide were found to leach from the contaminated streams and lakes into the ground water. These compounds were also detected at low concentrations in receiving public supply wells. Bank filtration either decreased the concentrations by dilution (e.g., for carbamazepine and primidone) and partial removal (e.g., for diclofenac), or totally removed PhACs (e.g., bezafibrate, indomethacine, antibiotics, and estrogens). Several PhACs, such as carbamazepine and especially primidone, were readily transported during bank filtration. They are thought to be good indicators for evaluating whether surface water is impacted by contamination from municipal sewage effluent or whether contamination associated with sewage effluent can be transported into ground water at ground water recharge sites. C1 Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Food Chem, D-13355 Berlin, Germany. Alfred Wegener Inst, Res Unit Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Free Univ Berlin, Dept Earth Sci, Hydrogeol Workgrp, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. NASRI Project, D-10709 Berlin, Germany. KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH, D-10709 Berlin, Germany. RP Heberer, T, Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Food Chem, Sekr TIB 4-3-1,Gustav Meyer Alle 25, D-13355 Berlin, Germany. EM heberer@food-chemistry.de andymechlinski@web.de britta.fanck@tu-berlin.de aknappe@awi-potsdam.de massmann@zedat.fu-berlin.de pekdeger@zedat.fu-berlin.de birgit.fritz@kompetenz-wasser.de CR *SENSUT, 1999, SEN STADT UMW TECHN BRAUCH HJ, 2000, GWF WASSER ABWASSER, V14, P226 HEBERER T, 1997, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V6, P438 HEBERER T, 1997, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V67, P113 HEBERER T, 1998, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V26, P272 HEBERER T, 1999, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V27, P150 HEBERER T, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2346 HEBERER T, 2001, WATER RESOURCES UPDA, V120, P4 HEBERER T, 2002, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V30, P24 HEBERER T, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P175 HEBERER T, 2002, TOXICOL LETT, V131, P5 HEBERER T, 2002, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V46, P81 HISCOCK KM, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P139 KNEPPER TP, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P945 KUHN W, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P60 MERSMANN P, 2002, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V30, P275 PEKDEGER A, 2001, BANK FILTRATION METR PREUSS G, 2001, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V29, P269 REDDERSEN K, 2000, WATER RES REDDERSEN K, 2002, CHEMOSPHERE, V49, P539 REDDERSEN K, 2003, J SEP SCI, V26, P1443 SACHER F, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V938, P199 SCHUBERT J, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P145 TERNES TA, 2001, ACS SYM SER, V79, P39 TERNES TA, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P3855 TRINKW V, 2001, GERMAN DRINKING WATE VERSTRAETEN IM, 2002, RIVERBANK FILTRATION, C17 VERSTRAETEN IM, 2002, RIVERBANK FILTRATION, CH9 ZUEHLKE S, 2004, GROUND WATER MONIT R, V24, P78 NR 29 TC 1 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT REMEDIAT JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 70 EP 77 PG 8 SC Water Resources GA 823FI UT ISI:000221594900006 ER PT J AU Quanrud, DM Quast, K Conroy, O Karpiscak, MM Gerba, CP Lansey, KE Ela, WP Arnold, RG TI Estrogenic activity and volume fraction of waste water origin in monitoring wells along the Santa Cruz River, Arizona SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID SOIL-AQUIFER TREATMENT; BORON ISOTOPES; IDENTIFICATION; GROUNDWATER; PHARMACEUTICALS; CONTAMINATION; CHEMICALS; EFFLUENT; FATE AB The fate of estrogenic activity in waste water effluent was examined during surface transport and incidental recharge along the Santa Cruz River in Pima County, Arizona. Based on measurement of boron isotopes, the fractional contribution of reclaimed water in surface waters and ground water wells proximate to the river was determined for a contemporary sample set. Estrogenic activity decreased by similar to60% over the 25 mi length of the river below effluent discharge points in Tucson. In ground water samples obtained from monitoring wells that are proximate to the Santa Cruz River, both dissolved organic carbon (p = 0.0003) and estrogenic activity (p = 3 x 10(-6)) were highly correlated to fractional waste water content. Results indicate that proximate ground water quality is sensitive to incidental recharge of reclaimed water in the Santa Cruz River bed. In a few locations, little attenuation of estrogenic activity was apparent during percolation of effluent in the river channel to well withdrawal points. C1 Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Quanrud, DM, Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM quanrud@email.arizona.edu kquast@email.arizona.edu conroyo@email.arizona.edu karpisca@ag.arzona.edu gerba@ag.arizona.edu lansey@engr.arizona.edu wela@engr.arizona.edu rga@engr.arizona.edu CR BARCELO D, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P271 BASSETT RL, 1990, APPL GEOCHEM, V5, P541 BASSETT RL, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P2915 BOLGER R, 1998, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V106, P551 BOSTICK KA, 1978, THESIS U ARIZONA TUC DAVIDSON GR, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P172 DESBROW C, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1549 DREWES JE, 2003, GROUND WATER MONIT R, V23, P64 GAYLEAN K, 1996, 964021 US GEOL SURV JOBLING S, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P2498 KOLPIN DW, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1202 LACHER LJ, 1996, THESIS U ARIZONA TUC LEENHOUTS JM, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P240 LOMBORG B, 2001, SKEPTICAL ENV QUANRUD DM, 2002, P AWWA END DISR WAT QUANRUD DM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P3401 SNYDER SA, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2814 SNYDER SA, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3620 SOTO AM, 1995, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S7, V103, P113 TURNEY KD, IN PRESS J ENV ENG VENGOSH A, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1968 WILSON LG, 1995, WATER ENVIRON RES, V67, P371 NR 22 TC 0 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT REMEDIAT JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 86 EP 93 PG 8 SC Water Resources GA 823FI UT ISI:000221594900008 ER PT J AU Mansell, BL Drewes, JE TI Fate of steroidal hormones during soil-aquifer treatment SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTE-WATER; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; ESTROGENS; BEHAVIOR; DEGRADATION; BIOSOLIDS; SYSTEMS; RIVER AB There is increasing concern that endocrine disrupting compounds such as steroidal hormones present in treated waste water effluents can affect ground water quality where waste water is used to recharge local ground water. Little is known how efficiently steroidal hormones are removed or transformed during percolation through the subsurface. The scope of this study was to examine the fate of hormones during soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) leading to ground water recharge in controlled laboratory soil-column studies and at two water reuse field sites where treated waste water is fed to ground water recharge basins. The selected steroidal hormones represented estrogens (17beta-estradiol and estriol) and androgens (testosterone). Composite samples of treated waste water and from ground water monitoring wells were collected and analyzed for steroidal hormones using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The study revealed that the mobility of the selected hormones in subsurface systems was low, and estriol and testosterone were both not detected (< 0.6 ng/L) in ground water monitoring wells or shallow lysimeters representing water samples after 1.5 m of travel through porous media. 17beta-estradiol, however, was consistently detected at concentrations < 2 ng/L in monitoring wells after travel of 1.5 m through porous media. Results from field sites that have been operational for more than 13 years indicated no breakthrough of the target compounds in ground water samples collected downstream of the surface spreading operation. These findings were confirmed by controlled laboratory studies simulating SAT in soil-column experiments. It appeared that the majority of attenuation was due to adsorption of the three target compounds to the porous media matrix, and additional attenuation to below the detection limit occurred due to the presence of bioactivity regardless of dominating redox conditions (aerobic vs. anoxic) or the type of organic carbon matrix present (hydrophobic acids, hydrophilic carbon vs. colloidal carbon). C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jdrewes@mines.edu CR ANDERSON TW, 1990, 89378 US GEOL SURV O BARONTI C, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P5059 BELFROID AC, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P101 BIRKETT J, 2003, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS BYRNS G, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P2523 CONROY O, 2001, P 10 BIENN S ART REC DREWES JE, 2003, GROUND WATER MONIT R, V23, P64 FOX P, 2001, SOIL AQUIFER TREATME GRAY J, 2003, P 3 INT C PHARM END HOLBROOK RD, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P4533 IGUCHI T, 2001, HORM BEHAV, V40, P248 JOHNSON AC, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P4697 LAI KM, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3890 LAYTON AC, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3925 LEE YM, 2003, P 3 INT C PHARM END MANSELL J, 2003, P 4 INT S WAST RECL MONTGOMERYBROWN J, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P3672 OHKO Y, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P4175 RAUCH T, 2003, P 4 INT S WAST RECL RODGERSGRAY TP, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P462 ROEFER P, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P52 ROGERS HR, 1996, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V185, P3 SNYDER SA, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3620 STRENN B, 2003, P 3 INT C PHARM END TAKIGAMI H, 2000, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V42, P45 TANAKA T, 2000, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V42, P89 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P91 YING G, 2003, P 3 INT C PHARM END NR 28 TC 0 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT REMEDIAT JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 94 EP 101 PG 8 SC Water Resources GA 823FI UT ISI:000221594900009 ER PT J AU Ying, GG Kookana, RS Dillon, P TI Attenuation of two estrogen compounds in aquifer materials supplemented with sewage effluent SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; WASTE-WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; TREATMENT PLANTS; ENGLISH RIVERS; BISPHENOL-A; DEGRADATION; ALKYLPHENOLS; SORPTION AB Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is an emerging and effective management technique in reclaiming and reusing waste water. During ASR, attenuation processes such as sorption and degradation may play an important role in removing trace organic contaminants in injected waste water. This study mainly investigated the role of treated sewage effluent injectant (the waste water injected into the aquifer) on degradation of two endocrine disrupting compounds, 17beta-estradiol (E2) and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2), in the laboratory by comparing their behavior in incubation media-aquifer sediment/ground water slurry from the Bolivar experimental ASR site in South Australia and sediment/effluent slurry. Biodegradation of the two compounds in the sediment/ground water media (1: 1, w/w) and in the sediment/effluent media (1: 1, w/w) were conducted under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at 20degreesC. In both incubation media, E2 showed a rapid biodegradation with a DT50 value (time for 50% loss) of similar to2 days under aerobic conditions. E2 degraded slowly in both aquifer media under anaerobic conditions; however, the anaerobic degradation was noted to be somewhat faster in the sediment/effluent media. In contrast, EE2 was found to be resistant to biodegradation and remained almost unchanged within 70 days under anaerobic conditions in both incubation media. The mobility of the two compounds in the aquifer would depend on their sorption. The sorption coefficients measured on the aquifer sediment were 7.7 +/- 3.4 L/kg for E2 and 10.6 +/- 5.1 L/kg for EE2 using batch equilibration methods. The corresponding retardation factors were calculated to be 25 for E2 and 34 for EE2 based on the physical properties of the aquifer material in the Bolivar ASR site. This study showed that while E2 has modest sorption affinity for aquifer material, it is rapidly biodegraded with or without the supplement of effluent under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, the relative rate of E2 degradation was slightly enhanced due to the presence of effluent in the incubation media. EE2 on the other hand was found to be persistent in this study under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, as well as in the presence of effluent. C1 CSIRO Land & Water, Adelaide Lab, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. CSIRO Land & Water, Water Reclamat Res Grp, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Ying, GG, CSIRO Land & Water, Adelaide Lab, PMB2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM guang-guo.ying@csiro.au rai.kookana@csiro.au peter.dillon@csiro.au CR COLBORN T, 1993, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V101, P378 DAMSTRA T, 2002, INT PROGRAMME CHEM S DILLON P, 1999, WATER, V26, P21 FERGUSON PL, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P2428 FURHACKER M, 2000, CHEMOSPHERE, V41, P751 GUTENDORF B, 2001, TOXICOLOGY, V166, P79 HARRIES JE, 1997, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V16, P534 HEBERER T, 2001, P 2 INT C PHARM END, P154 JOHNSON AC, 1998, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V210, P271 JURGENS MD, 2002, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V21, P480 KOLPIN DW, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1202 KUCH HM, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3201 LAI KM, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3890 LAYTON AC, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3925 NASU M, 2001, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V43, P101 NICHOLSON BC, 2002, MANAGEMENT AQUIFER R, P55 PURDOM CE, 1994, CHEM ECOL, V8, P275 RUDEL RA, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P861 SEKELA M, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V39, P217 STAPLES CA, 1998, CHEMOSPHERE, V36, P2149 TABATA A, 2001, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V43, P109 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P91 THOMAS JM, 2000, GROUND WATER, V38, P605 VANDERZALM JL, 2002, MANAGEMENT AQUIFER R, P83 YING GG, 2002, ENVIRON INT, V28, P215 YING GG, 2002, ENVIRON INT, V28, P545 YING GG, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1256 YING GG, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P3785 NR 28 TC 0 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT REMEDIAT JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 102 EP 107 PG 6 SC Water Resources GA 823FI UT ISI:000221594900010 ER PT J AU Ahlfeld, DP TI Nonlinear response of streamflow to groundwater pumping for a hydrologic streamflow model SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; AQUIFER SYSTEM; SURFACE-WATER; MANAGEMENT; OPTIMIZATION AB Groundwater management models that combine optimization methods with coupled stream/aquifer simulation models are considered. Designing algorithms to solve these problems benefits from improved understanding of the nature of the functional relationship between well extraction and streamflow. An analysis is conducted of the nature of this relationship for the Modflow Stream Package stream/aquifer simulation model. Derivatives of the algebraic implementation of the code and numerical testing on a hypothetical problem are used to perform the analysis. Results indicate that a nonlinear relation exists and that it is expected to be bounded and mild under all practical circumstances. The streamflow function may be convex or concave depending on the location of the observation point relative to the well and the ratio of streambed conductance to hydraulic conductivity. For a given setting of well and observation location, the function is likely to be either concave or convex under all practical values of pumping rates and model parameters. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Ahlfeld, DP, Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM ahlfed@ecs.umass.edu CR AHLFELD DP, 2000, OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT F AHLFELD DP, 2002, P 14 INT C COMP METH, P1471 BARLOW PM, 2003, ASCE J WATER RESOUR, V129, P35 CHOW VT, 1959, OOPEN CHANNEL HYDRAU HARBAUGH AW, 1996, 96485 US GEOL SURV HILL MC, 1990, 994048 US GEOL SURV HUYAKORN PS, 1983, COMPUTATIONAL METHOD ILLANGASEKARE TH, 1982, WATER RESOUR RES, V18, P168 KARATZAS GP, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3371 LAPIDUS L, 1982, NUEMERICAL SOLUTION MADDOCK T, 1974, WATER RESOUR RES, V10, P1 MALE JW, 1992, J WATER RESOUR PLAN, V118, P543 MINIHANE MR, 2002, P 2002 C WAT RES PLA PERALTA RC, 1988, T ASAE, V31, P1729 PINDER GF, 1971, WATER RES R, V7, P63 PRUDIC DE, 1989, 88729 US GEOL SURV REICHARD EG, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P2845 RUSHTON KR, 1979, J HYDROL, V40, P49 SOPHOCLEOUS M, 2002, HYDROGEOL J, V10, P52 STURM TW, 2001, OPEN CHANNEL HYDRAUL WILLIS R, 1987, GROUNDWATER SYSTEM P WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 NR 22 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD APR PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 349 EP 360 PG 12 SC Water Resources GA 817LN UT ISI:000221179100005 ER PT J AU Weiss, WJ Bouwer, EJ Ball, WP O'Melia, CR Aboytes, R Speth, TF TI Riverbank filtration: Effect of ground passage on NOM character SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE disinfection by-products; filtration; NOM; riverbank; XAD-8 ID ASSIMILABLE ORGANIC-CARBON; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; PREPARATIVE ISOLATION; BANK FILTRATION; MATTER; FRACTIONATION; REMOVAL AB Research was conducted to explore the effect of underground travel on the character of the natural organic matter (NOM) originating from river water sources during riverbank filtration (RBF) at three Midwestern US drinking water utilities. Measurements of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) showed significant reductions (50 to 90%) int the biodegradable portion NOM at two of the sites. Specific UV-absorbance (SUVA) values suggested preferential reduction (26% reduction in SUVA) in UV-absorbing NOM at one of the sites but negligible changes in SUVA were observed at the other two sites. XAD-8 characterization was carried out on the river and well waters to investigate possible changes in the character of the NOM. The distribution of dissolvedorganic carbon (DOC) between the XAD-8 adsorbing ('hydrophobic') and non-absorbing ('hydrophilic') fractions was similar between the river and well waters (40 to 70% hydrophilic and 30 to 60% hydrophobic), indicating no significant, consistens, preferential removal of either fraction upon ground passage. SUVA measurements on the seperate XAD-8 fractions similarly showed no significant change during bank filtration. Disinfection by-product (DBP) formation testing was performed on the various fractions, keeping the ratio of chlorine:DOC:bromide constant. DBP formation testing showed no preferential formation between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions in either the river or well waters. While the overall concentrations of organic DBP precursors are effectively reduced during bank filtration, the reductions appear to be largely the results of the reduction in NOM concentration rather than a consistent change in NOM character. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Amer Water, Belleville, IL 62220 USA. US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Weiss, WJ, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jweiss@jhu.edu CR *AM PUBL HLTH ASS, STAND METH EX WAT WA *SUP, 1998, PROC PROP US COL AMB *US EPA, 1995, EPA600R95131 AIKEN G, 1993, CHEM ECOL, V8, P135 AIKEN G, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P36 AMY GL, 1987, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V79, P43 BOUWER EJ, 1988, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V80, P82 CHANG EE, 2001, CHEMOSPHERE, V43, P1029 COLLINS MR, 1986, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V20, P1028 COSOVIC B, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P2921 CROUE JP, 1999, FORMATION CONTROL DI ESCOBAR IC, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P4444 FRIMMEL FH, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V35, P201 GOEL S, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P90 HOZALSKI RM, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P40 HUCK PM, 1990, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V82, P78 JOHNSON D, 2002, ENTERTAIN DES, V36, P4 JORET JC, 1986, TRIB CEBEDEAU, V510, P3 JORET JC, 1988, P AWWA ANN C ORL FLO KAMPIOTI AA, 2002, WATER RES, V36, P2596 KIVIMAKI AL, 1998, ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE KRASNER SW, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P66 KUEHN W, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P60 LECHEVALLIER MW, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P1526 LEENHEER JA, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P578 LEENHEER JA, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI LEENHEER JA, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3869 LEHTOLA MJ, 2002, WATER RES, V36, P3681 LOGAN BE, 1990, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V116, P1046 MARTINMOUSSET B, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P541 MIETTINEN IT, 1994, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V30, P179 MIETTINEN IT, 1998, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V215, P9 MULLER MB, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P4867 OWEN DM, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P46 POLLOCK DW, 1994, 94464 USGS RAY C, 2002, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V94, P149 RAY C, 2003, RIVERBANK FILTRATION RECKHOW DA, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P1655 SHUKAIRY HM, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P72 SINGER PC, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P25 SUMMERS RS, 1993, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V85, P88 SUMMERS RS, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P80 SYMONS JM, 1993, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V85, P51 THURMAN EM, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P463 VOLK C, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P3247 WANG J, 2003, RIVERBANK FILTRATION WEISS WJ, J AM WAT WKS ASS, V95 WEISS WJ, RIVERBANK FILTRATION WEISS WJ, 2003, J AM WAT WKS ASS, V95 WONG S, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P3497 NR 50 TC 0 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES TECHNOL-AQ JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PD MAR PY 2004 VL 53 IS 2 BP 61 EP 83 PG 23 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 814DV UT ISI:000220956300001 ER PT J AU Mauclaire, L Schurmann, A Thullner, M Gammeter, S Zeyer, J TI Sand filtration in a water treatment plant: biological parameters responsible for clogging SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE bioclogging; extracellular polymeric substances (EPS); hydraulic conductivity; pore space; sand filtration; water treatment ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; FAUNAL ASSEMBLAGES; AQUIFER MATERIALS; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; POROUS-MEDIA; BACTERIA; COLUMNS; INFILTRATION; SUBSTANCES AB Slow sand filtration is an established technique for the treatment of drinking water. However, clogging of these filters requires extensive maintenance. The clogging and hydraulic characteristics of slow sand filters operated under high flow rates were investigated in a drinking water plant that processes pre-treated lake water. Reasons for the clogging were evaluated by measuring physical, chemical and biological parameters of the interstitial water and the filter matrix. The biomass in the filters was characterised by quantifying bacterial abundance and activity as well as the The results of this study showed that the concentration of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). clogging effects were to a large extent attributed to the presence of EPS. This microbial biomass reduced the pore space in the highly clogged parts of the filters by at least 7%, whereas the reduction due to particle deposition was not larger than 7%. Although the most severe clogging occurred in the top 5-10 cm of the filters where bacterial abundance and activity were highest, deeper layers of the filters were clogged, too. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH, Inst Terr Ecol, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. Zurich Water Supply, CH-8023 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Schurmann, A, Official Food Control Author Canton Zurich, Fehrenstr 15,POB, CH-8030 Zurich, Switzerland. EM Andreas.Schuermann@klzh.ch CR ALI W, 1985, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V17, P701 BAVEYE P, 1998, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V28, P123 BEAR J, 1972, DYNAMICS FLUID POROU BLOEM J, 1995, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V61, P926 BRETSCHKO G, 1987, ARCH HYDROBIOL S, V68, P403 CHANG AC, 1974, J WATER POLLUT CONTR, V46, P1715 CHRISTENSEN BE, 1990, BIOFILMS, P93 DUBOIS M, 1956, ANAL CHEM, V28, P350 FONTVIEILLE DA, 1992, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V13, P531 GOLDENBERG LC, 1993, TRANSPORT POROUS MED, V13, P221 GRAHAM NJD, 1988, SLOW SAND FILTRATION GRAHAM NJD, 1996, ADV SLOW SAND ALTERN GRAHAM NJD, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P141 KILDSGAARD J, 2002, GROUND WATER MONIT R, V22, P60 LOWRY OH, 1951, J BIOL CHEM, V193, P265 MAUCLAIRE L, 2000, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V148, P85 MAUCLAIRE L, 2001, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V152, P469 MERMILLODBLONDIN F, 2001, INT REV HYDROBIOL, V86, P349 PORTER KG, 1980, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V25, P943 RICE RC, 1974, J WATER POLLUTION CO, V46, P708 RINCKPFEIFFER S, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P2110 RODRIGUEZ GG, 1992, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V58, P1801 RUSS JC, 1995, IMAGE PROCESSING HDB SCHONHOLZER F, 1999, FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL, V28, P235 SCHONHOLZER F, 2002, J MICROBIOL METH, V48, P53 SERVAIS P, 1987, WATER RES, V21, P445 SIEGRIST RL, 1987, J ENVIRON QUAL, V16, P181 SOARES MIM, 1989, Z WASSER ABWASS FOR, V22, P20 TAYLOR SW, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P2153 THULLNER M, 2002, J CONTAM HYDROL, V58, P169 THULLNER M, 2002, TRANSPORT POROUS MED, V49, P99 URFER D, 1997, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V89, P83 VANDEVIVERE P, 1992, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V58, P1690 VANDEVIVERE P, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1 VANDEVIVERE P, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P2173 WEBERSHIRK ML, 1997, J AM WAT WKS ASS, V89, P73 WEBERSHIRK ML, 1997, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V89, P87 WOOD WW, 1975, WATER RESOUR RES, V11, P553 NR 38 TC 0 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES TECHNOL-AQ JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PD MAR PY 2004 VL 53 IS 2 BP 93 EP 108 PG 16 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 814DV UT ISI:000220956300003 ER PT J AU Thullner, M Schroth, MH Zeyer, J Kinzelbach, W TI Modeling of a microbial growth experiment with bioclogging in a two-dimensional saturated porous media flow field SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological clogging; hydraulic conductivity; biomass; simulation ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; AQUIFER MATERIALS; BIOFILM GROWTH; NETWORK MODEL; TRANSPORT; BIODEGRADATION; PERMEABILITY; SIMULATIONS; IMPACT; SOILS AB A model was developed simulating reactive transport in groundwater including bioclogging. Results from a bioclogging experiment in a flow cell with a two-dimensional flow field were used as a data base to verify the simulation results of the model. Simulations were performed using three different hydraulic conductivity vs. porosity relations published in literature; two relations derived from pore network simulations assuming the biomass to grow in discrete colonies and as a biofilm, respectively, and a third relation, which did not include pore connectivity in more than one dimension. Best agreement with the experimental data was achieved using a hydraulic conductivity vs. porosity relation derived from pore network simulation assuming the biomass to grow in colonies. The relation derived from pore network simulations assuming biomass to grow as a biofilm was unable to reproduce the experimental data when realistic parameter values were employed. With the third relation the clogging ability of the biomass was strongly underestimated. These findings indicate that the porous medium needs to be treated as a multi-dimensional medium already on the pore scale, and that biomass growth different than in a biofilm must be considered to get an appropriate description of bioclogging. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH, Inst Terr Ecol, Zurich, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH, Inst Hydromech & Water Resources Management, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Thullner, M, Cornell Univ, Lab Geoenvironm Sci & Engn, 1007 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM martin.thullner@cornell.edu CR ANDERSON RT, 1997, ADV MICROB ECOL, V15, P289 BAVEYE P, 1998, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V28, P123 CHARACKLIS WG, 1990, BIOFILMS CLEMENT TP, 1996, GROUND WATER, V34, P934 CLEMENT TP, 1997, J CONTAM HYDROL, V24, P269 CUNNINGHAM AB, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P1305 DUPIN HJ, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P1513 DUPIN HJ, 2001, WATER RESOUR RES, V37, P2981 KILDSGAARD J, 2001, J CONTAM HYDROL, V50, P261 KILDSGAARD J, 2002, GROUND WATER MONIT R, V22, P60 KIM DS, 2000, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V69, P47 LAPPAN RE, 1994, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V43, P865 LOEHLE C, 1994, ECOL MODEL, V73, P31 RITTMANN BE, 1982, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V24, P501 SCHAFER D, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V31, P167 SCHAFER D, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V31, P187 SCHAFER W, 1992, NUMERISCHE MODELLIER, V23 SUCHOMEL BJ, 1998, TRANSPORT POROUS MED, V30, P1 SUCHOMEL BJ, 1998, TRANSPORT POROUS MED, V31, P39 TAYLOR SW, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P2153 TAYLOR SW, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P2161 THULLNER M, 1999, BIOREMEDIATION J, V3, P247 THULLNER M, 2002, J CONTAM HYDROL, V58, P169 THULLNER M, 2002, TRANSPORT POROUS MED, V49, P99 URFER D, 1997, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V89, P83 VANDEVIVERE P, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1 VANDEVIVERE P, 1995, BIOFOULING, V8, P281 VANDEVIVERE P, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P2173 NR 28 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 62 PG 26 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 813TU UT ISI:000220930200002 ER PT J AU Barreto, SRG Nozaki, J Barreto, WJ TI Origin of dissolved organic carbon studied by UV-vis spectroscopy SO ACTA HYDROCHIMICA ET HYDROBIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE A/DOC ratio; fulvic acid; tropical lake; natural organic matter ID MATTER; WATER; NOM AB Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) distributions in water from Lake Ipe, MS, Brazil, were investigated. The samplings were performed monthly (surface, 1 m depth, and bottom) from June 1999 to June 2000. Absorbance at 285 nm and DOC concentrations in mg dm(-3), rho(DOC), were highly correlated for the three depths. 77% of the surface, 85% for 1 m and bottom samples presented a variation between 20 dm(3) g(-1) cm(-1) and 50 dm(3) g(-1) cm(-1) of A(285 nm)/rho(DOC), that characterizes the dissolved organic matter in lake water as essentially fulvic. The ratio A(254 nm)/rho(DOC) was also sensitive for fulvic matter, and an A(250 nm)/A(365 nm) = 4 ratio was characteristic of strongly colored waters. The ratios A(436 nm)/rho(DOC) for the three depths also showed a significant correlation. The predominance of fulvic acid is explained by environmental characteristics such as the tropical climate, temperatures above 18degreesC, and the lake environment. It was demonstrated that the variation in the water carbon content due to different compartments in the lake can be monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy ratios. C1 Londrina State Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Environm Phys Chem, BR-86051990 Londrina, PR, Brazil. Maringa State Univ, Grad Program Ecol Aquat & Continental Environm, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. Maringa State Univ, Dept Chem, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. RP Barreto, WJ, Londrina State Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Environm Phys Chem, BR-86051990 Londrina, PR, Brazil. EM barreto@uel.br CR ABBTBRAUN G, 1999, ENVIRON INT, V25, P161 AIKEN G, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P36 AIKEN GR, 1992, ORG GEOCHEM, V18, P567 AVERETT RC, 1989, 377 US GEOL SURV FREIRE AG, 2000, ACTA LIMNOL BRASIL, V12, P105 KORSHIN GV, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P1787 KUKKONEN J, 1992, WATER RES, V26, P1523 LANGMUIR D, 1997, AQUEOUS ENV GEOCHEMI PEURAVUORI J, 1997, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V337, P133 ROSTAN JC, 1995, AQUAT SCI, V57, P69 SOUZA EE, 1997, FLOODPLAIN AREA HIGH, P3 WESTERHOFF P, 2000, J HYDROL, V236, P202 ZUMSTEIN J, 1989, WATER RES, V23, P229 NR 13 TC 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0323-4320 J9 ACTA HYDROCHIM HYDROBIOL JI Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 513 EP 518 PG 6 SC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 813HO UT ISI:000220898400007 ER PT J AU Peck, M Gibson, RW Kortenkamp, A Hill, EM TI Sediments are major sinks of steroidal estrogens in two United Kingdom rivers SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE toxicity identification/evaluation; analysis; estrogens; sediment; rivers ID ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; GAMMARUS-PULEX L.; TREATMENT WORKS; ENGLISH RIVERS; SEXUAL DISRUPTION; WASTE-WATER; ESTRADIOL; CHEMICALS; FISH; 17-ALPHA-ETHINYLESTRADIOL AB The occurrence of intersex fish in a number of European rivers has been attributed to exposure to estrogenic chemicals present in sewage treatment work (STW) effluents. To further understand the environmental fate of these contaminants, the estrogenic activity of effluents, water. and sediments were investigated both upstream and downstream of the major STW discharge in two United Kingdom rivers. Estrogenic activity, determined using the yeast estrogen-receptor transcription screen, of the major STW effluents on both rivers was similar, ranging from 1.4 to 2.9 ng 17beta-estradiol equivalents (EEQ)/L. Estrogenic activities of surface waters 1 km upstream and downstream of both STW inputs were less than the limits of detection (0.04 ng/L); however, levels of estrogenic activity in sediments were between 21.3 and 29.9 ng EEQ/kg and were similar at both upstream and downstream sites. Effluent and sediment extracts were fractionated by reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography, and estrogenic active fractions were further analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major active chemicals in the two effluents and in the sediments were estrone with lesser amounts of 17beta-estradiol; however, at one site, a number of other unidentified estrogenic fractions were detected in the sediments. These results suggest that riverine sediments are a major sink and a potential source of persistent estrogenic contaminants. C1 Univ Sussex, Dept Chem Phys & Environm Sci, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ London, Sch Pharm, London WC1N 1AX, England. RP Hill, EM, Univ Sussex, Dept Chem Phys & Environm Sci, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. EM e.m.hill@sussex.ac.uk CR DESBROW C, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1549 HARRIES JE, 1996, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V15, P1993 HARRIES JE, 1997, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V16, P534 HASHIMOTO S, 2000, MAR ENVIRON RES, V49, P37 HOLTHAUS KIE, 2002, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V21, P2526 JOBLING S, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P2498 JOBLING S, 2002, BIOL REPROD, V66, P272 JOBLING S, 2002, BIOL REPROD, V67, P515 JOHNSON AC, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P4697 JURGENS MD, 2002, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V21, P480 KIRK LA, 2002, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V21, P972 KUCH HM, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3201 LAI KM, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3890 MINIER C, 2000, ANALUSIS, V28, P801 MORGANSBELL HS, 2001, GEOL MAG, V138, P511 MURK AJ, 2002, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V21, P16 NIVEN SJ, 2001, ANALYST, V126, P285 ROUTLEDGE EJ, 1996, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V15, P241 ROUTLEDGE EJ, 1997, J BIOL CHEM, V272, P3280 SUMPTER JP, 1995, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S7, V103, P173 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P81 THOMAS KV, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P2165 VANAERLE R, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P2841 VIGANO L, 2001, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V269, P189 WATTS MM, 2001, AQUAT TOXICOL, V55, P113 WATTS MM, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P2347 WATTS MM, 2002, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V21, P445 WILLIAMS RJ, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P1663 NR 28 TC 7 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 945 EP 952 PG 8 SC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology GA 807EE UT ISI:000220484000017 ER PT J AU Spadoni, M Cavarretta, G Patera, A TI Cartographic techniques for mapping the geochemical data of stream sediments: the "Sample Catchment Basin" approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catchment basin; environmental geochemistry; geochemical mapping; stream sediments; Mignone River; Central Italy ID OVERBANK SEDIMENT; FINLAND AB The Sample Catchment Basin (SCB) mapping technique extends the representativeness of the geochemical features of stream sediments to the surface of the whole upstream drainage basin. SCB boundaries clash with the water divides traced from each sampling point and are limited upstream by the presence of further SCBs. They are also assumed to represent the elementary map unit. The rank of SCBs can be defined counting the number of upstream SCBs along the branches of a fluvial network. The presence of low rank SCBs minimizes the statistical redundancy of measures. The SCB technique is particularly suitable for the geochemical mapping of mountainous or hilly areas and to correctly display the information into a morphological context. This approach can be also valuable in the case of low sampling density, inhomogeneous sampling schemes, and especially when very accurate evaluations of the spatial distribution of chemicals (with natural or anthropogenic origin) are required. C1 CNR, Ist Geol Ambientale & Geoingn, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Spadoni, M, CNR, Ist Geol Ambientale & Geoingn, Ple A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM m.spadoni@igag.cnr.it CR *ESRI, 1996, ARCVIEW GIS *ESRI, 2001, ARCGIS 8 1 2 MAN *IGS, 1978, GEOCH ATL GT BRIT SH *MAP CORP, 2000, MAP PROF US GUID VER BOGEN J, 1992, IAHS PUBL, V210, P317 BOLVIKEN B, 1986, GEOCHEMICAL ATLAS NO BOLVIKEN B, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V56, P141 DEVIVO B, 1998, MEM DESCR CARTA GEOL, V55, P33 DEVIVO B, 2001, MEM DESCR CARTA GEOL, V55, P7 DEVOS W, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V56, P91 EARLE SAM, 1978, T I MIN METALL, V79, P197 EDEN P, 1994, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V51, P265 GOVETT GJS, 1983, HDB EXPLORATION GEOC GUSTAVSSON N, 1994, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V51, P143 HOFFMAN SJ, 1986, ASS EXPLORATION GEOC, V12 HORNBROOK EHW, 1975, 112 GEOL SURV CAN LAHERMO P, 1996, GEOCHEMICAL ATLAS 3 LOCARDI E, 1975, RICERCHE URANIO NEL MACKLIN MG, 1994, APPL GEOCHEM, V9, P698 MARINI L, 2000, ENVIRON GEOL, V40, P234 MATHERON G, 1962, TRAITE GEOSTATISTIQU MEYER WT, 1979, GEOPHYSICS GEOCHEMIS, P411 ODOR L, 1997, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V60, P55 OTTESEN RT, 1989, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V32, P257 PLANT JA, 1979, PHIL T R SOC LOND B, V288, P95 PROTANO G, 1998, MEM DESCRITTIVE CART, V55, P109 REIMANN C, 2000, ENV GEOCHEMICAL ATLA SALMINEN R, 1995, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V55, P321 SALMINEN R, 1998, FOREGS GEOCHEMICAL M VRANA K, 1997, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V60, P7 WACKERNAGEL H, 1995, MULTIVARIATE GEOSTAT WEBB JS, 1978, WOLFSON GEOCHEMICAL WEBSTER R, 1990, STAT METHODS SOIL LA NR 33 TC 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 5 BP 593 EP 599 PG 7 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 807RX UT ISI:000220519700001 ER PT J AU Ciszewski, D Malik, I TI The use of heavy metal concentrations and dendrochronology in the reconstruction of sediment accumulation, Mala Panew River Valley, southern Poland SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; sediments; river accumulation; dendrochronology; pollution history; metal mobility ID OVERBANK SEDIMENTS; FLOOD-PLAIN; POLLUTION; NETHERLANDS; FLOODPLAINS; DISPERSAL AB Heavy metal concentrations were investigated in overbank sediments of the Mala Panew River, southern Poland. Samples were collected from seven vertical profiles located within channel infills of a 20th century floodplain at three sites, each up to 50 in wide. In each profile, 15-24 samples were collected and analysed for Ba, Cd, Cu, Ph, and Zn. Sequential extraction of these elements was carried out in the 0.063-mm fraction of selected samples. Additionally, the age of the oldest trees growing close to the profiles has been used to estimate the initiation of sediment accumulation there. Ba, Cu, and Pb, which occur mostly in less mobile, moderately reducible, and residual fractions, were used for sediment dating. Zn and Cd, which in 50-75% occur in the mobile exchangeable fraction, were not suitable for dating. Correlation of Ba, Cu, and Pb concentrations in vertical profiles with changes in the load of effluents discharged to the river showed abrupt changes in the thickness of the strongly polluted sediments across the floodplains. A comparison of the relative changes between heavy metal peaks in sediments of similar age in the different profiles suggests a variable rate of downward metal migration. In general, none of the heavy metals investigated seems to have been mobilised within the stratigraphic layers above the water table. In layers located at stratigraphically lower levels, the Zn and Cd peaks seem to migrate several centimetres to several decimetres down in the profile. In profiles inundated for several weeks every year, Zn and Cd, as well as the relatively less mobile Ba, Cu, and Ph, have migrated downward by several decimetres. The investigation shows that frequent fluctuations of the water table have blurred the original depositional metal patterns of metal concentrations within a period of less than 40 years. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nat Conservat, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland. Silesian Univ, Fac Earth Sci, PL-41200 Sosnowiec, Poland. RP Ciszewski, D, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nat Conservat, A Mickiewicza 33, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland. EM ciszewski@iop.krakow.pl CR BIERNACKI W, 1983, LAT ZAKLADOW CHEMICZ BOJAKOWSKA I, 1994, WYNIKI MONITORINGU G BOJAKOWSKA I, 1996, WYNIKI MONITORINGU G BOJAKOWSKA I, 1998, WYNIKI MONITORINGU G BREWER PA, 1997, CATENA, V30, P229 CISZEWSKI D, 2003, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V143, P81 DRABINA J, 2000, HIST TARNOWSKICH GOR EVERITT BL, 1968, AM J SCI, V266, P417 HELIOSRYBICKA E, 1999, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V27, P331 HUDSONEDWARDS KA, 1998, EARTH SURF PROC LAND, V23, P671 HUPP CR, 1987, REGIONAL FLOOD FREQU, P335 KERSTEN M, 1986, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V18, P121 KLIMEK K, 1999, FLUVIAL PROCESSES EN, P329 KNOX JC, 1987, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V77, P224 LEWIN J, 1987, INT GEOMORPHOLOGY 1, P1009 MACKLIN MG, 1985, T I BRIT GEOGR, V10, P235 MACKLIN MG, 1992, APPL GEOGR, V12, P7 MACKLIN MG, 1996, FLOODPLAIN PROCESSES, P441 MIDDELKOOP H, 2000, GEOL MIJNBOUW-N J G, V79, P411 MILLER JR, 1996, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V86, P373 NANSON GC, 1977, J BIOGEOGR, V4, P229 PASTERNAK K, 1974, ACTA HYDROBIOL, V16, P273 RECZYNSKADUTKA M, 1986, ACTA HYDROBIOL, V28, P279 ROWAN JS, 1995, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V52, P57 SALOMONS W, 1984, METALS HYDROCYCLE SIGAFOOS RS, 1964, 485A USGS, P1 SWENNEN R, 1994, ENVIRON GEOL, V24, P12 VANDENBERG GA, 1998, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V102, P377 WINTER LT, 2001, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V266, P187 WOLFENDEN PJ, 1977, CATENA, V4, P309 NR 30 TC 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP 161 EP 174 PG 14 SC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Geology GA 805FV UT ISI:000220353100009 ER PT J AU Kim, G TI Hydraulic conductivity change of bio-barrier formed in the subsurface by the adverse conditions including freeze-thaw cycles SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductivity; bio-barrier; residual soil; microorganism; biofilm; extracellular polymeric substances (EPS); plum control ID SAND COLUMNS; BIOFILM; PERMEABILITY; SYSTEM; MODEL; SOILS AB Bio-barrier is an emerging technology to control subsurface contaminant plum by making microorganisms clog soil pore to form a subsurface barrier. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microorganisms play an important role to maintain decreased hydraulic conductivity. In this research, the hydraulic conductivity changes of biomass-soil mixtures by the adverse conditions were studied to evaluate the applicability to the field condition as an alternative barrier material. The microorganisms used in this research were bacterium, Azotobacter chroococcum, and fungus, Aureobasidium pullulans, respectively. The hydraulic conductivity decreased to 1-10% of the initial hydraulic conductivity of residual soil, 1 X 10(-4) cm/s, and stayed constant while substrate was provided. Under adverse conditions such as no substrate available, chemical solution permeation and freeze-thaw cycles, the hydraulic conductivity increased by 30-50% compared to the lowest value. The decrease of hydraulic conductivity in a fungus-soil mixture was faster than that of a bacterium-soil mixture. The fungus-soil mixture, however, was more sensitive to the adverse conditions. After the adverse conditions, hydraulic conductivity shows even lower value compare to that of before the adverse conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hannam Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Taejon 306791, South Korea. RP Kim, G, Hannam Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 133 Ojungdong, Taejon 306791, South Korea. EM kimgh@hannam.ac.kr CR ATLAS RM, 1997, MICROBIAL ECOLOGY FU BAVEYE P, 1998, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V28, P123 BENSON CH, 1993, J GEOTECH ENG-ASCE, V119, P276 BROUGH JM, 1997, P 4 INT IN SITU ON S, V4, P233 CHARACKLIS WG, 1990, BIOFILMS, P3 CUNNINGHAM AB, 1993, MANIPULATION GROUNDW, P103 DENNIS ML, 1998, J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON, V124, P120 DOMSCH KH, 1980, COMPENDIUM SOIL FUNG EIGENBROD KD, 1996, CAN GEOTECH J, V33, P529 GILMAN JC, 1945, MANUAL SOIL FUNGI MADIGAN MM, 2002, BROCK BIOL MICROORGA MISHUSTIN EN, 1975, MICROBIAL ECOL, V2, P97 NIXON JF, 1978, GEOTECHNICAL ENG COL, P164 RIJNAARTS HHM, 1997, P 4 INT C IN SIT ON, V4, P203 SEKI K, 1998, EUR J SOIL SCI, V49, P231 SHARMA HD, 1994, WASTE CONTAINMENT SY SHAW JC, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V49, P693 STANIER RY, 1986, MICROBIAL WORLD STOODLEY P, 1994, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V60, P2711 SUCHOMEL BJ, 1998, TRANSPORT POROUS MED, V31, P39 TAYLOR SW, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P2161 TURNER JP, 1995, NAT C INN TECHN SIT VANDEVIVERE P, 1992, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V58, P1690 VANDEVIVERE P, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1 WINGENDER J, 1999, MICROBIAL EXTRACELLU WONG LC, 1991, CAN GEOTECH J, V28, P784 NR 26 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD APR PY 2004 VL 38 IS 2-3 BP 153 EP 164 PG 12 SC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary GA 805AI UT ISI:000220338800007 ER PT J AU Hartog, N Van Bergen, PF De Leeuw, JW Griffioen, J TI Reactivity of organic matter in aquifer sediments: Geological and geochemical controls SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; GROUNDWATER HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SEDIMENTS; STRAIGHT-CHAIN BIOPOLYMERS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ANALYTICAL PYROLYSIS; SELECTIVE PRESERVATION; PHENANTHRENE SORPTION; CARBON PRESERVATION AB Reduction rates in aquifers are commonly carbon limited, but little is known about the molecular composition and degradability of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) in aquifer sediments. The composition, source and degradation status of SOM in aquifer sediments of fluvio-glacial (Pleistocene) and shallow marine (Pliocene) origin, were determined using flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Incubation experiments (106 d) were used to assess the reactivity of SOM towards molecular oxygen. A dominance of lignin-derived components and long chain odd-over-even predominant alkanes indicate that terrestrial higher land plants were the main source of SOM even in the shallow marine sediments, while bacterial lipid-derived hopanoids and iso- and anteiso-C-15 and C-17 fatty acids indicate a minor contribution of microbial biomass. No compositional difference was observed between SOM present in the fine (<63 mum) and coarse fraction (63-2000 mum). A significant part of SOM was not present as low-molecular-weight compounds but was macromolecularly bound. For the fluvio-glacial sediments, a relatively higher abundance of resistant macromolecular compounds was in agreement with stronger signs of aerobic lignin, alkane and hopanoid oxidation. The more degraded status of SOM in the fluvio-glacial sediments was consistent with their significantly lower SOM mineralization (2-6%) during incubation, as compared with the shallow marine sediments (9-14%). The reactivity towards oxygen of SOM was controlled by the extent of past aerobic oxidation. Not the age of SOM, but the extent of oxygen exposure during syn- and postdepositional conditions seems most important in affecting the degradation status of SOM in aquifer sediments and thus their ability to reduce oxidants. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Utrecht, Dept Geochem, Fac Earth Sci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. TNO, Netherlands Inst Appl Geosci, NL-2600 Delft, Netherlands. RP Hartog, N, Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. 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Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1281 EP 1292 PG 12 SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 802MD UT ISI:000220166700009 ER PT J AU Emtiazi, F Schwartz, T Marten, SM Krolla-Sidenstein, P Obst, U TI Investigation of natural biofilms formed during the production of drinking water from surface water embankment filtration SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biofilms; population shifts; opportunistic pathogenic bacteria; enzyme activities; molecular-biological techniques ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; PCR; LEGIONELLA; HYBRIDIZATION; GROUNDWATER; INFECTIONS; FRAGMENTS; HABITATS AB Populations of bacteria in biofilms from different sites of a drinking water production system were analysed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses revealed changing DNA band patterns, suggesting a population shift during bank filtration and processing at the waterworks. In addition, common DNA bands that were attributed to ubiquitous bacteria were found. Biofilms even developed directly after UV disinfection (1-2m distance). Their DNA band patterns only partly agreed with those of the biofilms from the downstream distribution system. Opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in biofilms were analysed using PCR and Southern blot hybridisation (SBH). Surface water appeared to have a direct influence on the composition of biofilms in the drinking water distribution system. In spite of preceding filtration and UV disinfection, opportunistic pathogens such as atypical mycobacteria and Legionella spp. were found in biofilms of drinking water, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected sporadically. Enterococci were not found in any biofilm. Bacterial cell counts in the biofilms from surface water to drinking water dropped significantly, and esterase and alanine-aminopeptidase activity decreased. beta-glucosidase activity was not found in the biofilms. Contrary to the results for planktonic bacteria, inhibitory effects were not observed in biofilms. This suggested an increased tolerance of biofilm bacteria against toxic compounds. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Dept Environm Microbiol, Inst Chem Tech, Water Technol & Geotechnol Div, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Schwartz, T, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Dept Environm Microbiol, Inst Chem Tech, Water Technol & Geotechnol Div, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM thomas.schwartz@itc-wgt.fzk.de CR ATLAS RM, 1999, ENVIRON MICROBIOL, V1, P283 BRAUCH HJ, 2000, WASSER ABWASSER, V141, P226 BUSWELL CM, 1998, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V64, P733 BYRD JJ, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P875 FRAHM E, 2001, SYST APPL MICROBIOL, V24, P423 GRIMM D, 1998, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V64, P2686 HALLSTOODLEY L, 1999, J APPL MICROBIOL S S, V85, P60 HEBERER T, 1998, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V26, P272 HENDEL B, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P2484 KALMBACH S, 1997, FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL, V22, P265 KALMBACH S, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P575 KAWAI M, 2002, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V68, P699 KILB B, 1998, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V26, P349 LEHMAN RM, 2002, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V68, P1569 LYE D, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P287 MANZ W, 1995, MICROBIOL-SGM 1, V141, P29 MIETTINEN IT, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P2495 MURRAY AE, 1996, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V62, P2676 MUYZER G, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P695 OBST U, 1997, MICROSCALE TESTING A, P77 SCHMITTBIEGEL B, 1989, VOM WASSER, V73, P315 SCHWARTZ T, 1998, J MICROBIOL METH, V34, P113 SCHWARTZ T, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P2787 SHEFFIELD VC, 1989, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V86, P232 STATES SJ, 1990, DRINKING WATER MICRO, P340 THERON J, 2002, CRIT REV MICROBIOL, V28, P1 TRAUTMANN M, 2001, INFECT CONT HOSP EP, V22, P49 NR 27 TC 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1197 EP 1206 PG 10 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 800EY UT ISI:000220012900014 ER PT J AU Das, BS Lee, LS Rao, PSC Hultgren, RP TI Sorption and degradation of steroid hormones in soils during transport: Column studies and model evaluation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTROGENIC HORMONES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; SYSTEMS; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; TRANSFORMATION; NONEQUILIBRIUM; EFFLUENT AB Natural and synthetic analogues of steroid hormones and their metabolites have emerged as contaminants of concern. Characterizing sorption and degradation processes is essential to assess the environmental distribution, persistence, and ecological significance of steroid hormones in terrestrial and aquatic systems. We examined the fate and transport of testosterone and 17beta-estradiol by conducting a series of fast-flow-velocity transport experiments under pulse-type and flow-interruption boundary conditions in columns packed with a surface soil, freshwater sediment, and two sands. Flow-interruption experiments provided independent estimates of degradation coefficients for the parent hormones and their metabolites, while pulse-input type experiments were used to identify transport mechanisms for hormones by employing forward modeling approaches. Estimated degradation rate coefficients (k) for the hormones from flow-interruption experiments ranged from 0.003 to 0.015 h(-1) for testosterone and from 0.0003 to 0.075 h(-1) for estradiol, similar to those observed in batch studies. Degradation rate coefficients for the two primary metabolites were 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than those for the parent chemicals. Estimated k values decreased with column life as a result of nutrient depletion. Large sorption by soils of the parent and metabolites (log K-OC approximate to 2.77-3.69) did not appear to hinder degradation; k values were an order of magnitude smaller than the estimated sorption mass-transfer constants. Differences in hormone breakthrough curves from a single-pulse displacement and those predicted using independently estimated parameters suggest that modeling hormone degradation as a simple first-order kinetic process may be sufficient, but not accurate. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. GeoTrans Inc, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. RP Lee, LS, Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lslee@purdue.edu CR BRUSSEAU ML, 1989, CHEMOSPHERE, V18, P1691 BRUSSEAU ML, 1989, J CONTAM HYDROL, V4, P223 BRUSSEAU ML, 1995, J CONTAM HYDROL, V17, P277 BRUSSEAU ML, 1997, J CONTAM HYDROL, V24, P205 CASEY FXM, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P2400 COLUCCI MS, 2001, J ENVIRON QUAL, V30, P2070 COLUCCI MS, 2001, J ENVIRON QUAL, V30, P2077 DAS BS, 1996, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V60, P1724 DAS BS, 1996, THESIS KANSAS STATE DESBROW C, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1549 FINLAYMOORE O, 2000, J ENVIRON QUAL, V29, P1604 GAMERDINGER AP, 1990, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V54, P957 HEYSE E, 2002, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V32, P337 HUANG CH, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P133 KOLPIN DW, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1202 LAGANA A, 2001, ANAL LETT, V34, P913 LAI KM, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3890 LANGE IG, 2002, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V473, P27 LARSEN G, 2001, 2 INT C PHARM END DI LAYTON AC, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3925 LEE LS, 1998, SOIL AQUIFER POLLUTI, P91 LEE LS, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P4098 LI H, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P1864 MEANS JC, 1980, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V14, P1524 MURALI V, 1980, NATURE, V283, P467 PENNELL KD, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P2332 SCOW KM, 1986, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V51, P1028 SELIM HM, 1977, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V41, P3 SEOL Y, 2001, J ENVIRON QUAL, V30, P1644 SIMUNEK J, 1998, HYDRUS 1D IGWMC TPS THORPE KL, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1142 TORIDE N, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P2167 VALOCCHI AJ, 1985, WATER RESOUR RES, V21, P808 WU RSS, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1137 YING G, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P1556 YING GG, 2002, ENVIRON INT, V28, P545 YING GG, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P3785 NR 37 TC 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1460 EP 1470 PG 11 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 780FC UT ISI:000189360800036 ER PT J AU Yu, ZQ Xiao, BH Huang, WL Peng, P TI Sorption of steroid estrogens to soils and sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 17 beta-estradiol; estrone; 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol; sorption; sediment ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; DISTRIBUTED REACTIVITY MODEL; SLUDGE TREATMENT WORKS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; WASTE-WATER; COMPETITIVE SORPTION; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; ENGLISH RIVERS AB Steroid estrogens at sub-micrograms per liter levels are frequently detected in surface water, and increasingly cause public concern of their potential impacts on ecosystems and human health. Assessing the environmental fate and risks of steroid estrogens requires accurate characterization of various physicochemical and biological processes involving these chemicals in aquatic systems. This paper reports sorption of three estrogens, 17beta-estradiol (estradiol), estrone, and 17alpha-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), by seven soil and sediment samples at both equilibrium and rate-limiting conditions. The results indicated that attainment of sorption equilibrium needs about 2 d when aqueous estrogen concentrations (C(t)s) are 25 to 50% of their solubility limits (S(W)s), but equilibrium requires 10 to 14 d when the C-t is 20 times lower than the S-W. The measured sorption isotherms are all nonlinear, with the Freundlich model parameter n ranging from 0.475 to 0.893. The observed isotherm nonlinearity correlates to a gradual increase of single-point organic carbon-normalized sorption distribution coefficient (capacity) (K-OC) as the equilibrium estrogen concentration (C,) decreases. At C-c = 0.5S(W), all three estrogens have log K-OC values of 3.14 to 3.49, whereas at C-c = 0.02S(W), the log K-OC values for estrone, EE2, and estradiol are within ranges of 3.40 to 3.81, 3.45 to 3.85, and 3.71 to 4.12, respectively. This study suggests that, when at sub-micrograms per liter levels, these estrogenic chemicals may exhibit even slower rates and greater capacities of sorption by soils and sediments. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. RP Huang, WL, Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM whuang@envsci.rutgers.edu CR *US EPA, 1996, 104182 EPA PL BARONTI C, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P5059 BELFROID AC, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P101 BOWMAN JC, 2002, MAR CHEM, V77, P263 CASEY FXM, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P2400 COLUCCI MS, 2001, J ENVIRON QUAL, V30, P2070 COLUCCI MS, 2001, J ENVIRON QUAL, V30, P2077 DESBROW C, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1549 FRIDRIKSDOTTIR H, 1996, PHARMAZIE, V51, P39 HUANG WG, 1997, J IRON STEEL RES, V9, P31 HUANG WL, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3549 JOHNSON AC, 2000, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V256, P163 JOHNSON AC, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P4697 JURGENS MD, 2002, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V21, P480 KILDUFF JE, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P250 KUCH HM, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3201 LAI KM, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3890 LAI KM, 2002, CRIT REV TOXICOL, V32, P113 LAYTON AC, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3925 LEBOEUF EJ, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3623 LI J, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P568 MANNINO A, 1999, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V63, P2219 MEANS JC, 1980, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V14, P1524 NASU M, 2001, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V43, P101 NICHOLS DJ, 1997, J ENVIRON QUAL, V26, P1002 PARKKONEN J, 2000, MAR ENVIRON RES, V50, P198 PETERSON EW, 2000, J ENVIRON QUAL, V29, P826 SCHAFER AI, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P182 SCHICKSNUS T, 2000, ARCH PHARM PHARM MED, V333, P66 SHORE LS, 1993, B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX, V51, P361 SNYDER SA, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2814 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P81 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P91 WAUCHOPE RD, 1983, WEED SCI, V31, P504 WEBER WJ, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P881 WEBER WJ, 1996, PROCESS DYNAMICS ENV WEBER WJ, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P853 WILLIAMS RJ, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P1663 XING BS, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P2432 YANANOTO H, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P2646 NR 40 TC 4 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 531 EP 539 PG 9 SC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology GA 776NT UT ISI:000189122600001 ER PT J AU Attinger, S Dentz, M Kinzelbach, W TI Exact transverse macro dispersion coefficients for transport in heterogeneous porous media SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE stochastic modelling; coarse graining; dispersion; transport; heterogeneous porous media ID FICKIAN SUBSURFACE DISPERSION; QUASI-LINEAR THEORY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; VELOCITY-FIELDS; MACRODISPERSIVITY; AQUIFERS; MOMENTS; FLOW AB We study transport through heterogeneous media. We derive the exact large scale transport equation. The macro dispersion coefficients are determined by additional partial differential equations. In the case of infinite Peclet numbers, we present explicit results for the transverse macro dispersion coefficients. In two spatial dimensions, we demonstrate that the transverse macro dispersion coefficient is zero. The result is not limited on lowest order perturbation theory approximations but is an exact result. However, the situation in three spatial dimensions is very different: The transverse macro dispersion coefficients are finite - a result which is confirmed by numerical simulations we performed. C1 ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Computat Lab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Tech Univ Catalonia, Dept Geotech Engn & Geosci, Barcelona, Spain. ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Hydromech & Water Resources Management, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Attinger, S, ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Computat Lab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM sabine.attinger@env.ethz.ch CR ALVAREZCOHEN L, 1993, IN SITU BIOREMEDIATI, P136 BEAR J, 1972, DYNAMICS FLUIDS PORO BECKIE R, 2001, WATER RESOUR RES, V37, P925 BOUCHAUD JP, 1990, PHYS REP, V195, P127 CIRPKA OA, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P1221 DAGAN G, 1988, WATER RESOUR RES, V24, P1491 DAGAN G, 1989, FLOW TRANSPORT POROU DAGAN G, 1994, WATER RESOUR RES, V30, P2699 DENTZ M, 2002, WATER RESOUR RES, V38 DENTZ M, 2003, PHYS REV E DYKAAR BB, 1992, WATER RESOUR RES, V28, P1155 FREYBERG DL, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P2031 GELHAR LW, 1983, WATER RESOUR RES, V19, P161 GUADAGNINI A, 2001, TRANSPORT POROUS MED, V42, P37 HSU K, 1988, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P1187 LUNATI I, 2002, WATER RESOUR RES, V38 MCCOMB WD, 1998, PHYS FLUID TURBULENC MOLTYANER GL, 1988, WATER RESOUR RES, V24, P1612 NEUMAN SP, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P887 NEUMAN SP, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P633 RUBIN Y, 1999, J FLUID MECH, V395, P161 SIMS JL, 1992, IN SITU BIOREMEDIATI THOMAS JM, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P760 THORNTON SF, 2001, J CONTAM HYDROL, V53, P233 THULLNER M, 2002, J CONTAM HYDROL, V58, P169 ZHANG YK, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P903 NR 26 TC 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENVIRON RES RISK ASSESS JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 SC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources GA 774TH UT ISI:000189000600003 ER PT J AU Korfali, SI Davies, BE TI Speciation of metals in sediment and water in a river underlain by limestone: role of carbonate species for purification capacity of rivers SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE metals; speciation; sediment; water; carbonate; self-purification; Nahr-Ibrahim river; Lebanon ID INTERACTIONS CONTROLLING ZINC; TRISTATE MINING DISTRICT; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; TRACE-METALS; SURFACE WATERS; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; CHEMICAL SPECIATION; LEAD CONCENTRATIONS; HEAVY-METALS; FRESH-WATER AB Rivers whose basins are underlain by limestone possess a high buffering capacity for discharged pollutants. During the discharge of metals in the aquatic environment, metals are partitioned between the sediment and the water column phases. Further partitioning of metals occurs within the sediment chemical fractions and metal speciation in water column, thus leading to the possible reduction of the toxic free hydrated metal ion. The present study focuses on one of Lebanon's rivers; the Nahr-Ibrahim whose basin is underlain by limestone and its river water is dominated by carbonate species due to the high pH and alkalinity values. The objectives of this study were: first, to determine the metal speciation (Fe, Zn, Pb and Cd) in the (operationally defined) sediment chemical fractions and metal speciation in river water; second, to evaluate the role of carbonate species in the self-purification process from metal pollutant inputs into the river. Bed sediments and water were collected from eight locations in one dry season (September, 1997), and a sequential chemical fractionation scheme was applied to the <75 mum sieved sediment fraction. The data show that the highest percentages of total metal content in sediment are for: Fe in the residual fraction followed by moderately reducible fraction, Zn and Pb in the carbonate and in the moderately reducible fractions and Cd primarily in the carbonate fraction. Aqueous metal speciation was predicted using AQUACHEM software interfaced to PHREEQC geochemical computer model. The water speciation data predicted that a high percentage of Pb and Zn were present as carbonate species, very low percentages as free hydrated ion species; whereas Cd exhibited high percentage occurrence as a free hydrated metal ion species. Iron was present in water mainly as ferric hydroxide ion pair species. This study has evaluated the role of carbonate species for self-purification process by the reported high percentage occurrence of metals in the carbonate sediment fraction and the interaction of metals with the carbonate water species. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lebanese Amer Univ, Div Nat Sci, Beirut 11022801, Lebanon. Clemson Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Korfali, SI, Lebanese Amer Univ, Div Nat Sci, POB 13-5053, Beirut 11022801, Lebanon. EM skorfali@lau.edu.lb CR *APHA AWWA WEF, 1995, STAND METH EX WAT WA *EN ISO, 1995, 56673 EN ISO *LCPS, 2000, REP AIR POLL LEB *USEPA, 1990, OP QUAL CONTR MAN EN ALLEN HE, 1993, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V134, P23 BAGHDADY NH, 1983, ANN AGR FENN, V22, P175 BARATA C, 1998, AQUAT TOXICOL, V42, P115 BARUAH NK, 1996, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V193, P1 BRADY PV, 1996, PHYS CHEM MINER, P225 BRUNO J, 1990, MAR CHEM, V30, P231 CAMPBELL CD, 2000, CHEMOSPHERE, V40, P319 CAMPBELL PGC, 1995, METAL SPECIATION BIO CARROLL SA, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P956 CHAPMAN D, 1992, WATER QUALITY ASSESS CHIARELLO RP, 1997, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V61, P1467 CLARK ML, 1997, 964282 US GEOL SURV DAVIS JA, 1990, MINERAL WATER INTERF, P177 DEKOV VM, 1997, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V201, P195 DEPAULA FCF, 2001, APPL GEOCHEM, V16, P1139 DREVER JI, 1997, GEOCHEMISTRY NATURAL FERRI D, 1987, ACTA CHEM SCAND A, V41, P190 FLORENCE TM, 1980, CRITICAL REV ENV CHE, V9, P219 FULLER CC, 1987, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V51, P1491 GAMBRELL RP, 1994, J ENVIRON QUAL, V23, P883 GONZALEZ MJ, 1994, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V57, P135 GUIEU C, 1998, ESTUAR COAST SHELF S, V47, P471 GUO TZ, 1997, SPILL SCI TECHNOL B, V4, P165 HALL LW, 1995, MAR POLLUT BULL, V30, P376 HARE L, 1996, NATURE, V380, P430 HARRINGTON JM, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P65 HAYES KF, 1986, ACS SYM SER, V323, P114 IANNI C, 2000, TOXICOL ENVIRON CHEM, V78, P73 JARVIE HP, 1997, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V194, P285 JONES B, 1997, MAR POLLUT BULL, V34, P768 KERSTEN M, 1989, TRACE ELEMENT SPECIA, P247 KHAIR K, 1994, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V78, P37 KLAVINS M, 2000, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V262, P175 KORFALI SI, 1999, THESIS U BRADFORD UK KORFALI SI, 2000, ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH, V22, P265 LEWIS DW, 1994, ANAL SEDIMENTOLOGY LHERROUX L, 1998, MAR POLLUT B, V36, P56 LUOMA SN, 1983, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V28, P1 MANCEAU A, 1992, APPL CLAY SCI, V7, P201 MANCEAU A, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P1540 MEADOR JP, 1991, AQUAT TOXICOL, V19, P13 MERMUT AR, 1996, J ENVIRON QUAL, V25, P845 MOGOLLON JL, 1995, ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH, V17, P103 MOREL FMM, 1983, PRINCIPLES AQUATIC C NILSSON O, 1999, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V63, P217 ODAY PA, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P943 PIRON M, 1990, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V50, P267 RAMOS L, 1994, J ENVIRON QUAL, V23, P50 RANDALL SR, 1999, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V63, P2971 REEDER RJ, 1996, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V60, P1543 RIMSTIDT JD, 1998, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V62, P1851 RITCHIE JM, 2001, ENVIRON POLLUT, V114, P129 ROE AL, 1991, LANGMUIR, V7, P367 RUMP HH, 1992, LAB MANUAL EXAMINATI SAMOLOMS W, 1984, METALS HYDROCYCLE SCHOSSELER PM, 1999, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V63, P1955 SENE KJ, 1999, HYDROLOG SCI J, V44, P79 SIGG L, 1994, CHEM AQUATIC SYSTEMS STONE M, 1996, ENVIRON POLLUT, V93, P353 STUMM W, 1996, TRACE METALS CYCLING SURIJA B, 1995, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V170, P101 TESORIERO AJ, 1996, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V60, P1053 TESSIER A, 1979, ANAL CHEM, V51, P844 TIPPING E, 1998, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V210, P63 TRAINA SJ, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P3365 TURNER DR, 1981, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V45, P855 VEGA M, 1995, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V310, P131 XUE HB, 1999, AQUAT GEOCHEM, V5, P313 ZHUANG YY, 1994, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V13, P717 NR 73 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 8 IS 3-4 BP 599 EP 612 PG 14 SC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Environmental GA 774UY UT ISI:000189004900024 ER PT J AU Dunsmore, BC Bass, CJ Lappin-Scott, HM TI A novel approach to investigate biofilm accumulation and bacterial transport in porous matrices SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDIA; HYDRODYNAMICS; FLOW AB Knowledge of bacterial transport through, and biofilm growth in, porous media is vitally important in numerous natural and engineered environments. Despite this, porous media systems are generally oversimplified and the local complexity of cell transport, biofilm formation and the effect of biofilm accumulation on flow patterns is lost. In this study, cells of the sulphate-reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio sp. EX265, accumulated primarily on the leading faces of obstructions and developed into biofilm, which grew to narrow and block pore throats (at a rate of 12 mum h(-1) in one instance). This pore blocking corresponded to a decrease in permeability from 9.9 to 4.9 Darcy. Biofilm processes were observed in detail and quantitative data were used to describe the rate of biofilm accumulation temporally and spatially. Accumulation in the inlet zone of the micromodel was 10% higher than in the outlet zone and a mean biofilm height of 28.4 mum was measured in a micromodel with an average pore height of 34.9 mum. Backflow (flow reversal) of fluid was implemented on micromodels blocked with biofilm growth. Although biofilm surface area cover did immediately decrease (similar to5%), the biofilm quickly re-established and permeability was not significantly affected (9.4 Darcy). These results demonstrate that the glass micromodel used here is an effective tool for in situ analysis and quantification of bacteria in porous media. C1 Oil Plus Ltd, Newbury RG14 5TR, Berks, England. Univ Exeter, Environm Microbiol Res Grp, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. RP Dunsmore, BC, Oil Plus Ltd, Hambridge Rd, Newbury RG14 5TR, Berks, England. EM B.Dunsmore@oilplus.co.uk CR ABUASHOUR J, 1994, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V75, P141 BAKKE R, 1986, J MICROBIOL METH, V5, P93 BASS CJ, 1997, SCHLUMBERGER OILFIEL, V9, P17 BASS CJ, 1998, GEOMICROBIOL J, V15, P29 BASS CJ, 2000, THESIS U EXETER UK CUNNINGHAM AB, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P1305 CUSACK F, 1995, J IND MICROIBOL, V2, P329 DAWE RA, 1998, 1 BREAK, V16, P371 DUNSMORE BC, 2002, J IND MICROBIOL BIOT, V29, P347 GROSS MJ, 1995, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V61, P1750 LAWRENCE JR, 1996, CAN J MICROBIOL, V42, P410 LIGTHELM DJ, 2001, P OFFSH EUR C AB UK, P369 MACLEOD FA, 1988, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V54, P1365 MILLS AL, 1997, MICR EXTREM UNUSUAL, P225 NORTH FK, 1985, PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, P40 PAULSEN JE, 1997, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1 RAIDERS RA, 1989, J IND MICROBIOL, V4, P215 STOODLEY P, 1999, ENVIRON MICROBIOL, V1, P447 STOODLEY P, 1999, J APPL MICROBIOL S, V85, S19 SUNDE E, 1993, P SPE INT S OILF CHE, P449 THULLNER M, 2002, J CONTAM HYDROL, V58, P169 TUFENKJI N, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P616 NR 22 TC 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 183 EP 187 PG 5 SC Microbiology GA 770KF UT ISI:000188721200008 ER PT J AU Persson, L Alsberg, T Odham, G Ledin, A TI Measuring the pollutant transport capacity of dissolved organic matter in complex matrixes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE leachate; groundwater; dissolved organic matter; solid-phase micro extraction; fluorescence quenching; enhanced solubility ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; LEACHATE PLUME VEJEN; LANDFILL-LEACHATE; SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; PYRENE SORPTION; MODEL POLYMERS AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) facilitated transport in contaminated groundwater was investigated through the measurement of the binding capacity of landfill leachate DOM (Vejen, Denmark) towards two model pollutants (pyrene and phenanthrene). Three different methods for measuring binding capacity were used and evaluated, head-space solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME), enhanced solubility (ES) and fluorescence quenching (FQ). It was concluded that for samples with complex matrixes it was possible to measure the net effect of the DOM binding capacity and the salting out effect of the matrix. It was further concluded that DOM facilitated transport should be taken into account for non-ionic PAHs with lg K-OW above 5, at DOM concentrations above 250 mg C/L. The total DOM concentration was found to be more important for the potential of facilitated transport than differences in the DOM binding capacity. C1 Stockholm Univ, Inst Appl Environm Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Tech Univ Denmark, Environm & Resource DTU, Lyngby, Denmark. RP Persson, L, Stockholm Univ, Inst Appl Environm Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM linn.persson@itm.su.se CR ARTINGER R, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V35, P261 BACKHUS DA, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P1214 BARLAZ MA, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P3457 BAUN A, 2003, J CONTAM HYDROL, V65, P269 BRUN A, 2002, J HYDROL, V256, P228 CHEFETZ B, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P2925 CHIN YP, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1853 CHIN YP, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P1630 CHIOU CT, 1986, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V20, P502 CHRISTENSEN JB, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P3037 CHRISTENSEN JB, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P125 CHRISTENSEN TH, 2001, APPL GEOCHEM, V16, P659 DANIELSEN KM, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P2162 DOLL TE, 1999, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V364, P313 GAUTHIER TD, 1986, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V20, P1162 GAUTHIER TD, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P243 GROLIMUND D, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P3118 GROLIMUND D, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3562 GUSTAFSSON O, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P4001 HERBERT BE, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P398 HUR J, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P880 JENSEN DL, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P2642 JOHNSON WP, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P807 KJELDSEN P, 1993, J HYDROL, V142, P349 KJELDSEN P, 2002, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V32, P297 KOPINKE FD, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P2536 LAOR Y, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P955 LARSEN T, 1992, J CONTAM HYDROL, V9, P307 LYNGKILDE J, 1992, J CONTAM HYDROL, V10, P273 LYNGKILDE J, 1992, J CONTAM HYDROL, V10, P291 MACKAY AA, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P1320 MACKAY DM, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P384 MACKENZIE K, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P4403 MAGEE BR, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P323 MAO JD, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P929 MCCARTHY JF, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P1072 MCCARTHY JF, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P496 MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P667 MCCARTHY JF, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V30, P49 MEANS JC, 1995, MAR CHEM, V51, P3 PASCHKE A, 1999, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V363, P426 PERMINOVA IV, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P3781 PERSSON LM, 2003, UNPUB J CONTAM HYDRO PEURAVUORI J, 2001, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V429, P65 PEURAVUORI J, 2001, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V429, P75 POERSCHMANN J, 1997, ANAL CHEM, V69, P597 POERSCHMANN J, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P3629 POERSCHMANN J, 1998, J CHROMATOGR A, V816, P159 RICHNOW HH, 2003, J CONTAM HYDROL, V64, P59 SALLOUM MJ, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1953 SCHLAUTMAN MA, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P961 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1993, ENV ORGANIC CHEM TRAINA SJ, 1990, J ENVIRON QUAL, V19, P151 UHLE ME, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2715 URRESTARAZURAMO.E, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3430 VAES WHJ, 1996, ANAL CHEM, V68, P4458 NR 56 TC 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON ANAL CHEM JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 83 IS 12 BP 971 EP 986 PG 16 SC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences GA 765KG UT ISI:000188277800001 ER PT J AU Chen, XH Yin, YF TI Semianalytical solutions for stream depletion in partially penetrating streams SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID INDUCED INFILTRATION; WELLS AB In the analysis of streamflow depletion, the Hunt (1999) solution has an important advantage because it considers a partially penetrating stream. By extending the Hunt drawdown solution, this paper presents semianalytical solutions for gaining streams that evaluate the induced stream infiltration and base flow reduction separately. Simulation results show that for a given Deltah (the initial hydraulic head difference between stream and aquifer beneath the channel), the base flow reduction is in direct proportion to the product of streambed leakage (lambda) and the distance between pumping well and stream (L), and the induced stream infiltration is in inverse proportion to lambdaL. Deltah has a significant effect on the ratio of stream infiltration to base flow reduction. The results from the semianalytical solutions agree well with those from MODFLOW simulations. The semianalytical solutions are useful in the verification of numerical simulations and in the analysis of stream-aquifer interactions where water quantity or quality is concerned. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Chen, XH, Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM xchen2@unl.edu hgyyin@yahoo.com CR BUTLER JJ, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P651 CHEN JCW, 1975, CELL STRUCT FUNCT, V1, P1 CHEN X, 2003, J AM WATER RESOUR AS, V39, P217 CHEN XH, 2001, J AM WATER RESOUR AS, V37, P185 CHEN XH, 2002, GROUND WATER, V40, P284 CONRAD LP, 1996, WATER RESOUR BULL, V32, P1209 GILL PE, 1981, PRACTICAL OPTIMIZATI GLOVER RE, 1954, AM GEOPHYSICAL UNION, V35, P168 HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 HUANG H, 2000, THESIS U NEBRASKA LI HUNT B, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P98 HUNT B, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P283 MCDONALD MG, 1988, MODULAR 3 DIMENSIONA SOPHOCLEOUS M, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P579 THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 NR 16 TC 0 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 92 EP 96 PG 5 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 762JL UT ISI:000187968400013 ER PT J AU Fox, GA TI Analytical model for aquifer response incorporating distributed stream leakage,by Garey A. Fox, Paul DuChateau, and Deana S. Durnford, July-August 2002 issue, v. 40, no. 4: 378-384. - Reply SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEPLETION C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Fox, GA, Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, POB 1848, University, MS 38677 USA. EM gafox@olemiss.edu CR BUTLER JJ, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P651 HUNT B, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P98 NR 2 TC 0 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 762JL UT ISI:000187968400023 ER PT J AU Lenhart, JJ Saiers, JE TI Adsorption of natural organic matter to air-water interfaces during transport through unsaturated porous media SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLY-ELECTROLYTE ADSORPTION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLYELECTROLYTE ADSORPTION; MINERAL PARTICLES; SURFACE-TENSION; ACID ADSORPTION; IONIC-STRENGTH; ALUMINUM-OXIDE AB To better understand how interactions with the air phase influence the movement of natural organic matter (NOM) through the vadose zone,we measured the transport of soil-humic acid (SHA) through laboratory columns packed with partially saturated sand. Our results demonstrate that sorptive reactions at air-water interfaces reduce SHA mobility and that the affinity of SHA for the air phase increases as the porewater pH declines from 8 to 3.9. SHA desorption from air-water interfaces is negligible for conditions of constant pH, but release of bound SHA occurs in response to perturbations in porewater pH. We analyzed the effluent samples collected from our laboratory columns using high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. The results of this analysis demonstrate that the SHA did not fractionate appreciably during transport through the columns, suggesting that the various components of the SHA pool (as distinguished on the basis of molecular weight) express an equal affinity for the air-water interfaces over the range of pH conditions tested. A mathematical model incorporating irreversible, second-order rate laws to simulate adsorption at air-water and solid-water interfaces closely describes the SHA breakthrough data. The mass-transfer parameters that govern this model vary in a discernible fashion with changes in porewater pH, and the parameter trends are consistent with published theories for SHA adsorption. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Saiers, JE, Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 205 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. CR ANDERSON MA, 1995, SOIL SCI, V160, P111 AU KK, 1999, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V63, P2903 AVENA MJ, 1999, COLLOID SURFACE A, V151, P213 AVENA MJ, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2739 BECKETT R, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P289 CHEN Y, 1977, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V41, P352 CHEN Y, 1978, SOIL SCI, V125, P7 CHIN YP, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1853 DAVIS JA, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P1223 DAVIS JA, 1982, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V46, P2381 DREVER JI, 1988, GEOCHEMISTRY NATURAL DUNNIVANT FM, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P437 GU B, 1995, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V59, P219 HAYASE K, 1986, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V114, P220 JARDINE PM, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P393 JOHNSON WP, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P608 JONES KL, 2000, J MEMBRANE SCI, V165, P31 KILDUFF JE, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P1336 LENHART JJ, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P769 LIU HM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P1553 MCCARTHY JF, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P496 MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P667 MEIER M, 1999, CHEM GEOL, V157, P275 PAPENHUIJZEN J, 1985, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V104, P540 SAIERS JE, 2003, WATER RESOUR RES, V39 SCHEUTJENS JMH, 1980, J PHYS CHEM-US, V84, P178 SCHLAUTMAN MA, 1994, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V58, P4293 SCHNITZER M, 1972, HUMIC SUBSTANCES ENV SONG L, 1993, COLLOID SURFACE A, V73, P49 SPOSITO G, 1989, CHEM SOILS THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY TILLER CL, 1993, COLLOID SURFACE A, V73, P89 TRAINA SJ, 1990, J ENVIRON QUAL, V19, P151 TULLER M, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V35, P1949 TULLER M, 2001, WATER RESOUR RES, V37, P1257 VANDERSCHEE HA, 1984, J PHYS CHEM-US, V88, P6661 VANDESTEEG HGM, 1992, LANGMUIR, V8, P2538 VERMEER AWP, 1998, LANGMUIR, V14, P2810 VERMEER AWP, 1998, LANGMUIR, V14, P4210 WANG LL, 1997, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V61, P5313 WEIGAND H, 1998, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V62, P1268 YAU W, 1979, MODERN SIZE EXCLUSIO YIM H, 2000, MACROMOLECULES, V33, P6126 ZHOU QH, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P3505 ZHOU QH, 2001, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V65, P803 NR 45 TC 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 120 EP 126 PG 7 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 759YE UT ISI:000187781800030 ER PT J AU Quanrud, DM Karpiscak, MM Lansey, KE Arnold, RG TI Transformation of effluent organic matter during subsurface wetland treatment in the Sonoran Desert SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE wetland treatment; effluent organic matter; natural organic matter; hydrophobic acid; transphilic acid; trihalomethanes ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; WASTE-WATER; DRINKING-WATER; CARBON; ACIDS; PRECURSORS; SYSTEMS; HABITAT AB The fate of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during subsurface wetland treatment of wastewater effluent in a hot, semi-arid environment was examined. The study objectives were to (1) discern changes in the character of dissolved organics as consequence of wetland treatment (2) establish the nature of wetland-derived organic matter, and (3) investigate the impact of wetland treatment on the formation potential of trihalomethanes (THMs). Subsurface wetland treatment produced little change in DOM polarity (hydrophobic-hydrophilic) distribution. Biodegradation of labile effluent organic matter (EfOM) and internal loading of wetland-derived natural organic matter (NOM) together produced only minor changes in the distribution of carbon moieties in hydrophobic acid (HPO-A) and transphilic acid (TPI-A) isolates of wetland effluent. Aliphatic carbon decreased as a percentage of total carbon during wetland treatment. The ratio of atomic C:N in wetland-derived NOM suggests that its character is determined by microbial activity. Formation of THMs upon chlorination of HPO-A and TPI-A isolates increased as a consequence of wetland treatment. Wetland-derived NOM was more reactive in forming THMs and less biodegradable than EfOM. For both HPO-A and TPI-A fractions, relationships between biodegradability and THM formation potential were similar among EfOM and NOM isolates; the less biodegradable isolates exhibited greater THM formation potential. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Quanrud, DM, Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. CR *APHA AWWA WEF, 1995, STAND METH EX WAT WA *USEPA, 1994, EPA811ZA94004 AIKEN G, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P36 AIKEN G, 1996, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V34, P157 AIKEN GR, 1992, ORG GEOCHEM, V18, P567 ALBERTS JJ, 1989, HUMIC SUBSTANCES AQU, P196 BARBER LB, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P4805 CANTOR KP, 1985, WATER CHLORINATION C, V5, P145 COLE S, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, A496 COLLINS MR, 1985, THESIS U ARIZONA DEBROUX JF, 1998, THESIS U COLORADO BO DREWES JE, 1999, VOM WASSER, V93, P5 FREEDMAN DM, 1997, CANCER CAUSE CONTROL, V8, P738 HANNA JV, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P1160 HUFFMAN EWD, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI, P433 HUIXIAN Z, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P1536 KADLEC RH, 1996, TREATMENT WETLANDS KARPISCAK MM, 1996, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V33, P231 KARPISCAK MM, 2001, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V44, P455 KING WD, 1996, CANCER CAUSE CONTROL, V7, P96 KLEVENS CM, 1996, ACS SYM SER, V649, P211 KNIGHT RL, 1997, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V35, P35 MACCARTHY P, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI, P409 MALCOLM RL, 1991, HUMIC SUBSTANCES AQU, P9 MALCOLM RL, 1992, ENVIRON INT, V18, P609 MCKNIGHT DM, 1994, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V39, P1972 MCKNIGHT DM, 1998, AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTA, P9 PINNEY ML, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P1897 PONTIUS FW, 1998, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V90, P38 QUANRUD DM, 2000, THESIS U ARIZONA QUANRUD DM, 2001, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V44, P267 QUANRUD DM, 2003, J WATER HLTH, V1, P33 QUANRUD DM, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P3401 REED SC, 1995, NATURAL SYSTEMS WAST ROSTAD CE, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P2703 SINGER PC, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P25 SWAN SH, 1998, EPIDEMIOLOGY, V9, P126 TENG H, 1996, DISINFECTION BY PROD, P371 VIDALES JA, 2003, WATER ENVIRON RES, V75, P238 NR 39 TC 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2004 VL 54 IS 6 BP 777 EP 788 PG 12 SC Environmental Sciences GA 759PA UT ISI:000187745000011 ER PT J AU Butler, JJ Tsou, MS TI Pumping-induced leakage in a bounded aquifer: An example of a scale-invariant phenomenon SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pumping-induced leakage; scale-invariant measurements; total leakage AB A new approach is presented for calculation of the volume of pumping-induced leakage entering an aquifer as a function of time. This approach simplifies the total leakage calculation by extending analytical-based methods developed for infinite systems to bounded aquifers of any size. The simplification is possible because of the relationship between drawdown and leakage in aquifers laterally bounded by impermeable formations. This relationship produces a scale-invariant total leakage; i.e., the volume of leakage as a function of time does not change with the size of the aquifer or with the location of the pumping well. Two examples and image well theory are used to demonstrate and prove, respectively, the generality of this interesting phenomenon. C1 Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. RP Butler, JJ, Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, 1930 Constant Ave,Campus W, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. CR ANDERSON MP, 1992, APPL GROUNDWATER MOD BUTLER JJ, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P651 BUTLER JJ, 2003, 20036 KANS GEOL SURV FERRIS JG, 1962, 1536E US GEOL SURV HANTUSH MS, 1955, T AM GEOPHYSICAL UNI, V36, P95 HANTUSH MS, 1960, J GEOPHYS RES, V65, P3713 HARBAUGH AW, 1996, 96485 US GEOL SURV MOENCH AF, 1984, WATER RESOURCES MONO, V9, P146 NEUMAN SP, 1969, WATER RESOUR RES, V5, P803 STEHFEST H, 1970, COMMUN ACM, V13, P47 STRELTSOVA TD, 1988, WELL TESTING HETEROG NR 11 TC 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 5 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 12 AR 1344 PG 8 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 756NT UT ISI:000187488500002 ER PT J AU Gollnitz, WD Clancy, JL Whitteberry, BL Vogt, JA TI RBF as a microbial treatment process SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PLANT PERFORMANCE; FILTRATION AB Ten production wells drilled in a highly productive sand and gravel aquifer and recharged by an adjacent river were evaluated for potential Giardia and Cryptosporidium contamination. The goal of this study was to determine whether riverbank filtration could achieve significant reduction to a level at which no additional engineered filtration would be required for pathogenic protozoa. Pathogen monitoring was conducted sporadically over 10 years. Intensive monitoring was conducted for a 20-month period at 10 "flowpath wells" and two production wells. Algae, diatoms, and other surface water indicators were found in 57% of 128 groundwater samples. Of 285 groundwater samples collected and analyzed for Giardia or Cryptosporidium, no pathogens were detected. No correlation existed between Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and surface water indicators. All surrogates demonstrated a minimum 4-log reduction. Even though there is hydrologic influence, riverbank filtration is highly effective in removing pathogenic protozoa. C1 Greater Cincinnati Water Works, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. Clancy Environm Consultants, St Albans, VT USA. RP Gollnitz, WD, Greater Cincinnati Water Works, 5651 Kellogg Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. CR *APHA AWWA WEF, 1998, STAND METH EX WAT WA *USEPA, 1989, FED REGISTER, V54, P27486 *USEPA, 1991, GUID MAN COMPL FILTR *USEPA, 1992, 910992029 USEPA *USEPA, 1994, FED REGISTER, V59, P145 *USEPA, 1996, EPA600R95178 USEPA *USEPA, 1998, FED REG 1216, V63, P69478 *USEPA, 2001, 821R01025 EPA *USEPA, 2002, FED REG 0114, V67, P1812 *USEPA, 2003, FED REGISTER, V68, P154 CLANCY JL, 1999, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V91, P60 CONNELL K, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P30 GOLLNITZ WD, 1997, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V89, P84 HANCOCK CM, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P24 KUEHN W, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P60 PIPER AM, 1944, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 6, V25, P914 REGLI S, 2003, COMMUNICATION RICE EW, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P122 SHEETS RA, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P162 WANG JZ, 2002, EVALUATION RIVERBANK NR 20 TC 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 95 IS 12 BP 56 EP 66 PG 11 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 757MQ UT ISI:000187566400017 ER PT J AU Weiss, WJ Bouwer, EJ Ball, WP O'Melia, CR Arora, H Speth, TF TI Comparing RBF with bench-scale conventional treatment for precursor reduction SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; ENHANCED COAGULATION; RIVERBANK FILTRATION; BANK FILTRATION; DRINKING-WATER; DBP PRECURSORS; REMOVAL; BROMIDE; NOM; BIODEGRADATION AB Reduction of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors upon riverbank filtration (RBF) at three drinking water utilities in the midwestern United States was compared with reductions obtained using a bench-scale conventional treatment train on the corresponding riverwaters. The riverwaters were subjected to a treatment train consisting of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and ozonation. RBF performed as well as or better than the bench-scale conventional treatment with respect to DBP precursor removal. Total and dissolved organic carbon concentrations were reduced by 20 to 50% after bench-scale treatment, compared with reductions between 30 and 70% after subsurface travel to the closer wells at the three sites. Reductions in precursor material for a variety of DBPs (trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles, haloketones, chloral hydrate, and chloropicrin) after bench-scale treatment were generally in the range of 40 to 80%, whereas reductions after RBF ranged from 50 to 100%. After RBF and bench-scale treatment, a shift was observed from the chlorinated to the more-brominated DBP species, with the shift more pronounced for the bank-filtered waters. This shift was likely attributable to the increase in the ratio of bromide to dissolved organic carbon. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Weiss, WJ, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. 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Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 95 IS 12 BP 67 EP 80 PG 14 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 757MQ UT ISI:000187566400018 ER PT J AU Hanselman, TA Graetz, DA Wilkie, AC TI Fate of poultry manure estrogens in soils: A review SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID PKA VALUES; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; ESTRONE; LITTER; ESTRADIOL; HORMONES; RUNOFF; TESTOSTERONE; PERSISTENCE; EXPOSURE AB Agricultural drainage waters may become contaminated with natural steroidal estrogen hormones, i.e. estradiol and estrone, when poultry wastes are land-applied at agronomic rates. Estrogen contamination of waterways is a concern because low concentrations (ng L-1) of these chemicals in water can adversely affect the reproductive biology of aquatic vertebrates (fish, turtles, frogs, etc.) by disrupting the normal function of their endocrine systems. This review provides some information about the physicochemical properties of estradiol and estrone and summarizes current knowledge of estrogen fate and transport in soils. Estradiol and estrone are nonionic (pKa 10.3 to 10.8), slightly hydrophobic (log K-ow 3.1 to 4.0) compounds that have low solubility in water (0.8 to 13.0 mg L-1). The fate of manure-borne estrogens in soils is not well-established. Laboratory studies suggest that estrogens should be rapidly dissipated in soils due to sorption and transformation, but field studies have demonstrated that estrogens are sufficiently mobile and persistent to impact surface and ground water quality. More information is needed about the types and amounts of estrogens that occur in various poultry wastes, e.g. broiler litter vs. layer manure. More information is also needed about the sorption, biodegradation, and leaching potential of estradiol and estrone in soils. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hanselman, TA, Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, 106 Newell Hall,POB 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. 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Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 2003 VL 62 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 SC Agriculture, Soil Science; Agronomy GA 754AV UT ISI:000187281300003 ER PT J AU Hanselman, TA Graetz, DA Wilkie, AC TI Manure-borne estrogens as potential environmental contaminants: A review SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; URINARY OESTROGEN EXCRETION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS; 17-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES; STEROID-HORMONES; POULTRY LITTER; WASTE-WATER; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION AB Livestock wastes are potential sources of endocrine disrupting compounds to the environment. Steroidal estrogen hormones such as estradiol, estrone, and estriol are a particular concern because there is evidence that low nanogram per liter concentrations of estrogens in water can adversely affect the reproductive biology of fish and other aquatic vertebrate species. We performed a literature review to assess the current state of science regarding estrogen physicochemical properties, livestock excretion, and the fate of manure-borne estrogens in the environment. Unconjugated steroidal estrogens have low solubility in water (0.8-13.3 mg L-1) and are moderately hydrophobic (log K-OW 2.6-4.0). Cattle excrete mostly 17alpha-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol, estrone, and respective sulfated and glucuronidated counterparts, whereas swine and poultry excrete mostly 17beta-estradiol, estrone, estriol, and respective sulfated and glucuronidated counterparts. The environmental fate of estrogens is not clearly known. Laboratory-based studies have found that the biological activity of these compounds is greatly reduced or eliminated within several hours to days due to degradation and sorption. On the other hand, field studies have demonstrated that estrogens are sufficiently mobile and persistent to impact surface and groundwater quality. Future research should use standardized methods for the analysis of manure, soil, and water. More information is needed about the types and amounts of estrogens that exist in livestock wastes and the fate of manure-borne estrogens applied to agricultural lands. Field and laboratory studies should work toward revealing the mechanisms of estrogen degradation, sorption, and transport so that the risk of estrogen contamination of waterways can be minimized. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hanselman, TA, Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Soil & Water Sci, 106 Newell Hall,POB 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. 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MICROB, V49, P563 ZONDEK B, 1942, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V49, P629 ZONDEK B, 1945, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V36, P291 NR 116 TC 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 24 BP 5471 EP 5478 PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 753UB UT ISI:000187248000001 ER PT J AU Nambi, IM Werth, CJ Sanford, RA Valocchi, AJ TI Pore-scale analysis of anaerobic halorespiring bacterial growth along the transverse mixing zone of an etched silicon pore network SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; DEHALOSPIRILLUM MULTIVORANS; BIODEGRADATION; DISPERSION; AQUIFERS; MODEL; BIOREMEDIATION; VISUALIZATION; TRANSPORT; KINETICS AB The anaerobic halorespiring microorganism, Sulfurospirillum multivorans, was observed in the pore structure of an etched silicon wafer to determine how flow hydrodynamics and mass transfer limitations along a transverse mixing zone affect biomass growth. Tetrachloroethene (PCE, an electron acceptor, 0.2 mM) and lactate (an electron donor, 2 mM) were introduced as two separate and parallel streams that mixed along a reaction line in the pore structure. The first visible biomass occupied a single line of pores in the direction of flow, a few pore bodies from the micromodel centerline. This growth was initially present as small aggregates; over time, these grew and fused to form finger-like structures with one end attached to downgradient ends of the silicon posts and the other end extending into pore bodies in the direction of flow. Biomass did not grow in pore throats as expected, presumably because shear forces were not favorable. Over the next few weeks the line of growth migrated upward into the PCE zone and extended over a width of up to five pore spaces. When the PCE concentration was increased to 0.5 mM, the microbial biomass increased and growth migrated down toward the lactate side of the micromodel. A new analytical model was developed and used to demonstrate that transverse hydrodynamic dispersion likely caused the biomass to move in the direction observed when the PCE concentration was changed. The model was unable, however, to explain why growth migrated upward when the PCE concentration was initially constant. We postulate that this occurred because PCE, not lactate, sorbed to biofilm components and that biomass on the lactate side of the micromodel was limited in PCE. A fluorescent tracer experiment showed that biomass growth changed the water flow paths, creating a higher velocity zone in the PCE half of the micromodel. These results contribute to our understanding of biofilm growth and will help in the development of new models to describe this complex process. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Werth, CJ, Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. 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Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 24 BP 5617 EP 5624 PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 753UB UT ISI:000187248000020 ER PT J AU Fout, GS Martinson, BC Moyer, MWN Dahling, DR TI A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR method for detection of human enteric viruses in groundwater SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; WATERBORNE OUTBREAK; UNITED-STATES; NORWALK VIRUS; WELL WATER; ENTEROVIRUSES; CONTAMINATION; INHIBITORS AB Untreated groundwater is responsible for about half of the waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Human enteric viruses are thought to be leading etiological agents of many of these outbreaks, but there is relatively little information on the types and levels of viruses found in groundwater. To address this problem, monthly samples from 29 groundwater sites were analyzed for I year for enteroviruses, hepatitis A virus, Norwalk virus, reoviruses, and rotaviruses by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). A procedure with which to remove environmental RT-PCR inhibitors from groundwater samples was developed. The procedure allowed an average of 71 liters of the original groundwater to be assayed per RT-PCR, with an average virus recovery rate of 74%, based on seeded samples. Human enteric viruses were detected in 16% of the groundwater samples analyzed, with reoviruses being the most frequently detected virus group. C1 US EPA, NERL, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Tech Support Ctr, Off Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Fout, GS, US EPA, NERL, Off Res & Dev, Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. 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Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 69 IS 6 BP 3158 EP 3164 PG 7 SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 752HZ UT ISI:000187156200016 ER PT J AU Winter, KJ Goetz, D TI The impact of sewage composition on the soil clogging phenomena of vertical flow constructed wetlands SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COD; mass loading; particle distribution; soil clogging; subsurface flow constructed wetlands; suspended solids ID SAND COLUMNS; INFILTRATION; MECHANISMS; REDUCTION; EFFLUENT; BIOMASS AB The infiltration rate and therefore the principal function of a sand based vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) is influenced by the content of suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the waste water supply. In this study there were three operating conditions defined as "No Clogging"; "Partly Clogging" and "Clogging". Investigations on 21 VFCWs approved analytical differences between these conditions. The content of SS and especially particles > 50 mum are considered to play a key role. These particles are of the same size as the pores in which seepage mainly occurs. Thus their potential for surface blocking is high. It is concluded that the construction and size of the primary settling has to ensure that the mean concentration of SS after settling does not exceed 100 mg l(-1). The results of this study indicate that the area of the VFCW should be designed for a maximum loading rate of 5 g m(-2) d(-1) and the COD load should not exceed 20 g m(-2) d(-1). C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Soil Sci, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Winter, KJ, Univ Hamburg, Inst Soil Sci, Allende Pl 2, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. CR *ATV GVWK, 1998, 262 ATV GVWK *DIN, 1987, 384092 DIN BAAKE F, 1985, 22 WAR BAVEYE P, 1998, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V28, P123 BIHAN YL, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P4284 BLAZEJEWSKI R, 1997, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V35, P183 BORNER T, 1992, 58 WAR ELLIS KV, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P1333 GELLER G, 2002, 1417809 AS ING OK GE HILL S, 1983, 18 WAR KRISTIANSEN R, 1981, J ENVIRON QUAL, V10, P353 KRISTIANSEN R, 1982, ALTERNATIVE WASTEWAT, P105 MULLER V, 1999, KORRESPONDENZ ABWASS, V46, P701 NGUYEN LM, 2000, ECOL ENG, V16, P199 OKUBO T, 1983, WATER RES, V17, P813 OTIS RJ, 1985, AM SOC AGR ENG, P238 PLATZER C, 1997, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V35, P175 RICE RC, 1974, J WATER POLLUTION CO, V46, P708 RONNER AB, 1994, ONSITE WASTEWATER TR, P559 SIEGRIST RL, 1987, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V113, P550 SOARES MIM, 1989, Z WASSER ABWASS FOR, V22, P20 THOMAS RE, 1966, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V30, P641 VANDEVIVERE P, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1 NR 23 TC 0 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 48 IS 5 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 748EJ UT ISI:000186849300003 ER PT J AU Girard, P da Silva, CJ Abdo, M TI River-groundwater interactions in the Brazilian Pantanal. The case of the Cuiaba River SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pantanal; flood pulse; groundwater; recharge; ecological stability ID WETLAND AB The Pantanal is a vast evaporation plain and sediment accumulation surface that floods annually. It is located in the Upper Paraguay River Basin, a major source of floodwaters to the Pantanal. The recent construction of a large dam in the upper reach of the Cuiaba River raises questions: What will be the dam influence on the flood area and duration? What will be the consequence for groundwater replenishment and permanence of flow in the floodplain channels during the dry period? This study of the Cuiaba River, within the Pantanal, describes water flow between the river channel and its adjacent floodplain, as well as relations between the surface water and groundwater near the river. Flooding of the plain adjacent to the Cuiaba River critically depends on the river stage and proceeds through a complex hydrographic network. No free water table was encountered; groundwater was confined below clay-silt layers. Two groundwater bodies were distinguished based on their piezometric behavior. In both cases the river stage variations appeared to control the piezometric heads and the flood was the main recharge source. The groundwater moved from the river towards the floodplain where it appeared to sustain channel flow and to maintain soil humidity in depressed areas during the dry period. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Inst Biociencias, Projeto Ecol Pantanal, BR-78060900 Cuiaba, MT, Brazil. RP Girard, P, Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Inst Biociencias, Projeto Ecol Pantanal, Av Fernando Correia da Costa S-N, BR-78060900 Cuiaba, MT, Brazil. CR *PCBAP DIAGN MEIOS, 1997, DIAGN MEIOS FIS BLOT *RADAMBRASIL, 1982, MIN MIN EN SECR GER, V27 *USGS, 1999, 99T001 LTRMP, P236 *WCD, 2000, DAM DEV NEW FRAM DEC, P404 ADAMOLI J, 1981, C NAC BOT, V32, P109 ALVARENGA SM, 1984, B TECNICO G, P89 CARVALHO NO, 1986, AN S SOBR REC NAT E, V1, P43 CASTRO NM, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P1613 DASILVA CJ, 1993, INT J ECOL ENV SCI, V19, P11 DASILVA CJ, 2000, NEW APPROACHES RIVER, P97 DASILVA CJ, 2001, BIODIVERSITY WETLAND, V2, P187 ESPINDOLA EG, 1996, ACTA LIMNOL BRASIL, V8, P13 GIRARD P, 1999, REV BOLIVIANA ECOLOG, V6, P33 GIRARD P, 2000, VERHANDLUNGEN INT VE, V27, P1717 HAMILTON SK, 1996, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V137, P1 HAMILTON SK, 1997, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V42, P257 JUNK WJ, 2000, PANTANAL UNDERSTANDI, P211 JUNK WJ, 2003, WETLANDS HDB PENHA JM, 1998, BRAZILIAN J ECOLOGY, V2, P30 PENHA JM, 1999, WETLANDS ECOLOGY MAN, V7, P155 PONCE VM, 1995, HYDROLOGIC ENV IMPAC, P124 RESENDE EK, 1996, B PESQUISA, V3, P1 STRUSSMAN C, 1991, HERPTOLOGICAL REV, V22 TARIFA JR, 1986, AN S SOBR REC NAT E, P9 NR 24 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 10 PY 2003 VL 283 IS 1-4 BP 57 EP 66 PG 10 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 746BH UT ISI:000186726100004 ER PT J AU Moser, DP Fredrickson, JK Geist, DR Arntzen, EV Peacock, AD Li, SMW Spadoni, T McKinley, JP TI Biogeochemical processes and microbial characteristics across groundwater-surface water boundaries of the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; HYPORHEIC ZONE; CHROMATE REDUCTION; SUBSURFACE EXCHANGE; AQUIFER SEDIMENTS; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; STREAM; URANIUM; TECHNETIUM; FE(III) AB Biogeochemical processes within riverbed hyporheic zones (HZ) can potentially impact the fate and transport of contaminants. We evaluated a modified freeze core technique for the collection of intact cobble-bed samples from the Columbia River HZ along a stretch of the Hanford Reach in Washington State and investigated microbiological and geochemical parameters of corresponding frozen and unfrozen samples. During three sampling periods (March, May, and November 2000), relatively high numbers of viable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were recovered from both unfrozen (10(6)-10(7) cfu/g) and frozen samples (10(5)-10(6) cfu/g). Relatively large populations of sulfate-, nitrate-, and iron-reducing bacteria were present, and significant concentrations of acid-volatile sulfide were measured in some samples, indicating that anoxic regions exist within this zone. Cr(VI), a priority groundwater pollutant on adjacent U.S. Department of Energy lands, was probably removed from solution in HZ samples by a combination of microbial activity and chemical reduction, presumably via products of anaerobic microbial metabolism. These results suggest that biogeochemical processes in the Columbia River HZ may contribute to the natural attenuation of Cr(VI). Although freezing modestly diminished recovery of viable bacteria, freeze core techniques proved reliable for the collection of intact hyporheic sediments. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Moser, DP, Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CR *PAC NW NAT LAB, 1998, DOERL9616 PAC NW NAT *US EPA, 1986, 440586001 EPA OFF WA *US EPA, 1992, INT RISK INF SYST IR *USGS, 14246900 USGS ARNTZEN EV, 2002, THESIS PORTLAND STAT ATLAS RM, 1993, HDB MICROBIOLOGICAL BADER JL, 1999, BIOREM J, V3, P201 BALCH WE, 1979, MICROBIOL REV, V43, P260 BALKWILL DL, 1988, MICROBIAL ECOL, V16, P73 BONE TL, 1988, MICROBIAL ECOL, V16, P49 BOULTON AJ, 1998, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V29, P59 BOURG ACM, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P868 BRUNKE M, 1997, FRESHWATER BIOL, V37, P1 CASTRO NM, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P1613 CHANG YJ, 2001, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V67, P3149 DAHM CN, 1987, CHEM QUALITY WATER H, P157 DAUBLE DD, 1990, PNL7289 DUFF JH, 1990, CANADIAN J FISHERIES, V46, P2240 EBEL WJ, 1989, CAN SPEC PUBL FISH A, V106, P205 EICHEM AC, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P3592 EVEREST FH, 1980, PNW350 USDA FOR SERV, P8 FARAG AM, 2000, POTENTIAL CHROMIUM A FENDORF S, 2000, INT GEOL REV, V42, P691 FINDLAY S, 1995, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V40, P159 FREDRICKSON JK, 2000, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V66, P2006 FRUCHTER J, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, A464 GANESH R, 1997, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V63, P4385 GARBISU C, 1998, BIODEGRADATION, V9, P133 GEIST DR, 1994, PNL9990 PAC NW NAT L GEIST DR, 2000, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V57, P1647 GREENBERG AE, 1992, STANDARD METHODS EXA HALDAALIJA L, 1999, CAN J MICROBIOL, V45, P879 HARTMAN MJ, 1997, PNNL11470 HARTMAN MJ, 2001, PNNL13788 HENDRICKS SP, 1993, J N AMER BENTHOL SOC, V12, P70 HILL AR, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P495 HOLMES DE, 2002, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V68, P2300 HOLMES RM, 1996, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V33, P125 HOPE SJ, 1996, BHI00345 JOHANSSON H, 2001, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V266, P229 JORGENSEN BB, 1988, NITROGEN SULFUR CYCL, P1 LEMKE MJ, 1999, MICROBIAL ECOL, V38, P234 LLOYD JR, 1998, GEOMICROBIOL J, V15, P45 LLOYD JR, 2000, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V66, P3743 LOTSPEICH FB, 1980, PROG FISH CULT, V42, P96 LOVLEY DR, 1991, NATURE, V350, P413 LOVLEY DR, 1992, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V58, P850 LOVLEY DR, 1994, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V60, P726 MARMONIER P, 1995, J N AMER BENTHOL SOC, V14, P382 MARSH TL, 2000, GEOMICROBIOL J, V17, P291 MCGRATH SP, 1990, HEAVY METALS SOILS, P125 MERMILLODBLONDIN F, 2000, FRESHWATER BIOL, V44, P255 MORRICE JA, 2000, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V19, P593 NAEGELI MW, 1997, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V16, P794 ORGHIDAN T, 1959, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V55, P392 PATTON GW, 2001, PNNL13471 PETERSON RE, 1992, WHCEP0609 PETERSON RE, 2001, PNNL13674 PINKART HC, 2002, MANUAL ENV MICROBIOL, P103 POSTGATE JR, 1984, SULPHATE REDUCING BA PUSCH M, 1994, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V130, P35 RODEN EE, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P734 ROOD K, 1994, N AM J FISH MANAGE, V14, P852 SHIKLOMANOV IA, 1993, WATER CRISIS GUIDE W, P13 STANFORD JA, 1988, NATURE, V335, P64 TEBO BM, 1998, FEMS MICROBIOL LETT, V162, P193 THORNE PD, 1993, PNL8971 THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY TIEDJE JM, 1982, METHODS SOIL ANAL 2, P1011 URONE PF, 1955, ANAL CHEM, V27, P1354 VIAMAJALA S, 2002, BIOTECHNOL PROGR, V18, P290 WIELINGA B, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P522 WILDUNG RE, 2000, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V66, P2451 ZELLWEGER GW, 1989, USGSWRIR894150 NR 74 TC 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 22 BP 5127 EP 5134 PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 743YN UT ISI:000186601300007 ER PT J AU Cardenas, MB Zlotnik, VA TI A simple constant-head injection test for streambed hydraulic conductivity estimation SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID UNCONFINED AQUIFERS; SLUG TEST; DEPLETION; PACKER; WELLS AB A fast, efficient constant-head injection test (CHIT) for in situ estimation of hydraulic conductivity (K) of sandy streambeds is presented. This test uses constant-head hydraulic injection through a manually driven piezometer. Results from CHIT compare favorably to estimates from slug testing and grain-size analysis. The CHIT combines simplicity of field performance, data interpretation, and accuracy of K estimation in flowing streams. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Cardenas, MB, New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. CR *HYDR SOLVE INC, 2000, AQTESOLV WIND US GUI BOUWER H, 1976, WATER RESOUR RES, V12, P423 BURGER RL, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P1515 BUTLER JJ, 1998, DESIGN PERFORMANCE A BUTLER JJ, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P651 BUTLER JJ, 2002, GROUND WATER, V40, P25 BUTLER JJ, 2002, GROUND WATER, V40, P303 CALVER A, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P546 CARDENAS MB, 2002, THESIS U MEBRASKALIN CARDENAS MB, 2003, WATER RESOURCES RES, V39 CHO JS, 2000, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V126, P775 DAGAN G, 1978, WATER RESOUR RES, V14, P929 DUWELIUS RF, 1996, 964218 US GEOL SURV HINSBY K, 1992, J HYDROL, V136, P87 HUNT B, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P98 IZBICKI JA, 2002, WATER RESOURCES RES, V38 KOLLET SJ, 2002, P AWRA 2002 SUMM SPE, P29 KOLLET SJ, 2003, J HYDROL, V281, P96 LANDON MK, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P870 MCDONALD MG, 1984, 83 US GEOL SURV RUS DL, 2001, 014212 US GEOL SURV SCATURO DM, 1997, GROUND WATER, V35, P713 SOPHOCLEOUS M, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P579 SPRINGER AE, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P338 TAVENAS F, 1990, CAN GEOTECH J, V27, P305 VANROOY D, 1988, 66 TECHN U DENM I HY VUKOVIC M, 1992, DETERMINATION HYDRAU WILSON JT, 1997, BIOREMED SER, V4, P309 ZLOTNIK V, 1994, GROUND WATER, V32, P761 ZLOTNIK V, 1994, P 8 OUTD ACT C EXP A, P647 ZLOTNIK VA, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P599 ZLOTNIK VA, 2000, THEORY MODELING FIEL, P215 ZURBUCHEN BR, 2002, WATER RESOURCES RES, V38 NR 33 TC 2 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 867 EP 871 PG 5 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 740QG UT ISI:000186412600021 ER PT J AU Scheurle, C Hebbeln, D TI Stable oxygen isotopes as recorders of salinity and river discharge in the German Bight, North Sea SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURES AB A high-resolution sediment core (sedimentation rate similar to2 mm/year) from the German Bight was analysed for its foraminiferal stable oxygen isotope (delta(18)O) composition. These data were correlated with instrumental summer sea-surface temperature and salinity data from the nearby island of Helgoland, reaching back 100 years. Comparing the isotope data with the instrumental records reveals a distinct delta(18)O-salinity relationship (delta(18)O=0.34xS-9.36; r=0.86) for the German Bight, where salinity is mainly driven by freshwater input from the Elbe River. Thus, these findings provide the possibility for future regional paleosalinity and paleodischarge reconstructions for times far beyond the instrumental timescale. C1 Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Scheurle, C, Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, POB 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. CR *CLIMAP PROJ MEMB, 1981, GEOL SOC AM MAP CHAR BECKER GA, 1981, DTSCH HYDROGR Z, V5, P168 CLIMAP PM, 1976, SCIENCE, V191, P1131 CRAIG H, 1965, STABLE ISOTOPES OCEA, P9 DUPLESSY JC, 1991, OCEANOL ACTA, V14, P311 DYER KR, 1979, ESTUARINE HYDROGRAPH, P1 EMILIANI C, 1955, J GEOL, V63, P538 EPSTEIN S, 1953, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V4, P213 EPSTEIN S, 1953, GEOLOGICAL SOC AM B, V64, P1315 FAIRBANKS RG, 1992, RADIOCARBON 4 DECADE, P473 FISCHER G, 1999, USE PROXIES PALEOCEA HEBBELN D, 2003, IN PRESS GEOMAR LETT HERTWECK G, 1983, SENCKENBERG MARIT, V15, P219 HEYEN H, 1998, TELLUS A, V50, P545 HIRSCHFELD M, 2003, KOLNER FORUM GEOL PA, V12, P1 ISRAELSON C, 1991, 33 LUNDQUA DEP QUAT, P117 LIEDTKE H, 1994, PHYS GEOGRAPHIE DEUT MALMGREN BA, 2001, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V16, P520 MOOK WG, 2001, UNESCO IAEA SER NIEBLER HS, 1999, USE PROXIES PALEOCEA, P165 RADACH G, 1986, BER BIOL ANSTALT HEL, V2, P2 RADACH G, 1990, BER BIOL ANST HELGOL, V7, P1 SCHOTT F, 1966, ERGANZUNGSHEFT DTS A, V9 SUNDERMANN J, 1999, DTSCH HYDROGR Z, V51, P113 TRETTIN R, 1999, ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S, V35, P331 VETSHTEYN VYE, 1974, OCEANOLOGY, V14, P514 VONHAUGWITZ W, 1988, MITT GEOL PALAONT I, V65, P409 WEFER G, 1999, USE PROXIES PALEOCEA, P1 WOLFF T, 1999, USE PROXIES PALEOCEA, P207 NR 29 TC 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2 BP 130 EP 136 PG 7 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography GA 741WC UT ISI:000186482500007 ER PT J AU Weiss, WJ Bouwer, EJ Ball, WP O'Melia, CR Lechevallier, MW Arora, H Speth, TF TI Riverbank filtration - fate of DBP precursors and selected microorganisms SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER SUPPLIES; BANK FILTRATION; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; OUTBREAKS; GIARDIA; TRANSFORMATION; CHLORINATION; ATTENUATION; OZONATION AB At three drinking water utilities in the midwestern United States, significant reductions were observed in total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and disinfection by-product precursors after riverbank filtration (RBF). TOC and DOC reductions at the closer wells at the three sites ranged from 35 to 67%. Trihalomethane formation potential and haloacetic acid formation potential concentrations were reduced by 50 to 80% at the three sites. Reductions in precursors for haloacetonitriles., haloketones, chloral hydrate, and chloropicrin ranged from 30 to 100% following RBE Reductions in the concentrations of Clostridium were observed in excess of 3 logs. Log reductions in the rivers and wells ranged from >2.6 to >3.3 for E. coli C bacteriophage and from >1.9 to >2.3 for E. coli F-amp bacteriophage. Limited occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in the river and well waters prevented the establishment of firm conclusions for the removal of these organisms. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Weiss, WJ, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CR 1989, FED REG, V54, P27486 *APHA AWWA WEF, 1998, STAN METH EX WAT WAS *USEPA, 1992, EPA600R92129 *USEPA, 1993, EPA600R93100 *USEPA, 1994, EPA600R94111 *USEPA, 1996, EPA600R95178 ARMON RA, 1987, CAN J MICROBIOL, V34, P78 BALLAJY K, 2000, J AWWA, V92, P44 BOUWER E, 1999, P NWRI INT RIV FILTR COSOVIC B, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P2921 CRAUN GF, 1998, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V90, P81 CROUE JP, 1999, FORMATION CONTROL DI DILLON PJ, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P209 DOUSSAN C, 1997, J CONTAM HYDROL, V25, P129 HEBERER T, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P175 HISCOCK KM, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P139 JORET JC, 1988, P AWWA ANN C ORL FLA JUTTNER F, 1995, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V31, P211 KIVIMAKI AL, 1998, ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE KRASNER SW, 1989, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V81, P41 KUEHN W, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P60 KUSSMAUL H, 1979, OXIDATION TECHNIQUES LECHEVALLIER MW, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P2617 LECHEVALLIER MW, 1992, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V84, P54 MIETTINEN IT, 1994, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V30, P179 NOKES CJ, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P3557 OWEN DM, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P46 PARKHURST DF, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3424 PIET GJ, 1985, ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE POLLOCK DW, 1994, 94464 USGS RAY C, 1999, P 1998 NWRI INT RIV RAY C, 2002, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V94, P149 RAY C, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P235 RAY C, 2002, RIVERBANK FILTRATION RAY C, 2003, RIVERBANK FILTRATION RECKHOW DA, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P1655 ROBERTSON LJ, 1992, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V58, P3494 ROSE JB, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P1393 ROSE JB, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P77 SCHUBERT J, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P145 SHEETS RA, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P162 SHUKAIRY HM, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P72 SINGER PC, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P25 SINGER PC, 2000, 6 INT WORKSH DRINK W SOBSEY MD, 1995, MALE SPECIFIC COLIOP SOLOGABRIELE H, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P76 SONTHEIMER H, 1980, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V72, P386 STUYFZAND PJ, 1998, ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE SUMMERS RS, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P80 TUFENKJI N, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, A422 VERSTRAETEN IM, 1999, P 1998 NWRI INT RIV VERSTRAETEN IM, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P190 WANG J, 1999, P 1998 NWRI INT RIV WANG J, 2003, RIVERBANK FILTRATION WEISS WJ, 2002, RIVERBANK FILTRATION WEISS WJ, 2003, IN PRESS J AWWA WEISS WJ, 2003, UNPUB J WATER SUPPLY WETT B, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P222 WILDERER PA, 1995, ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE WORCH E, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P259 NR 60 TC 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 95 IS 10 BP 68 EP 81 PG 14 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 735EW UT ISI:000186100300010 ER PT J AU Kollet, SJ Zlotnik, VA TI Stream depletion predictions using pumping test data from a heterogeneous stream-aquifer system (a case study from the Great Plains, USA) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE stream depletion; pumping test; parameter identification; aquifer heterogeneity; meandering stream; sedimentologic information ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; FLOW DEPLETION; SAFE YIELD; WELLS; DRAWDOWN; DEPOSITS; RIVER AB This uniquely designed study investigates a fundamental issue-the feasibility of predicting stream depletion rates using linear uniform two-dimensional models. Required input for these models includes the hydraulic parameter estimates of the aquifer and the stream-aquifer interface, which may be obtainable through pumping test data analysis. This study utilizes pumping test data collected near the naturally meandering Prairie Creek, Platte River watershed, Nebraska, USA. Drawdown data were, obtained in eight piezometer clusters, located on both sides of the stream, each containing three piezometers screened at different aquifer depths. Parameter estimates and, thus, stream depletion predictions varied over a wide range. Large parameter variance and. a low degree of goodness. of fit between the calculated and measured data encountered during the analysis suggest deficiencies of the uniform aquifer models in describing significant physical processes. This was also shown by additional field experiments that indicate lateral and vertical aquifer heterogeneity. Hydrogeological and sedimentological considerations of the meandering stream architecture (point bar versus cut bank) and the application of a linear piecewise-homogeneous model yielded a higher degree of goodness of fit and higher confidence in stream depletion predictions. Aquifer heterogeneity appears to be the major reason for uncertainty in stream depletion predictions, though other possible sources of uncertainty should be considered. These include the model linearity, the Dupuit assumption, the simplified representation of the stream-aquifer interface, the approximation of the stream as a straight. line or a strip, and the impact of regional groundwater flow. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Kollet, SJ, Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, 214 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. 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Hydrol. PD SEP 25 PY 2003 VL 281 IS 1-2 BP 96 EP 114 PG 19 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 732NH UT ISI:000185952100008 ER PT J AU Chen, X Chen, XH TI Stream water infiltration, bank storage, and storage zone changes due to stream-stage fluctuations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE flood stage; bank storage; storage zone; stream-aquifer interactions ID AQUIFER RESPONSE; RECHARGE VARIATIONS; FLOW; WELL AB During a flood period, stream-stage increases induce infiltration of stream water into an aquifer; subsequent declines in stream stage cause a reverse motion of the infiltrated water. This paper presents the results of the water exchange rate between a stream and aquifer, the storage volume of the infiltrated stream water in the surrounding aquifer (bank storage), and the storage zone. The storage zone is the part of aquifer where groundwater is replaced by stream water during the flood. MODFLOW was used to simulate stream-aquifer interactions and to quantify rates of stream infiltration and return flow. MODPATH was used to trace the pathlines of the infiltrated stream water and to determine the size of the storage zone. Simulations were focused on the analyses of the effects of the stream-stage fluctuation, aquifer properties, the hydraulic conductivity of streambed sediments, regional hydraulic gradients, and recharge and evapotranspiration (ET) rates on stream-aquifer interactions. Generally, for a given stream-aquifer system, larger flow rates result from larger stream-stage fluctuations; larger storage volumes and storage zones are produced by larger and longer-lasting fluctuations. For a given stream-stage hydrograph, a lower-permeable streambed, an aquitard, or an anisotropic aquifer of low vertical hydraulic conductivity can significantly reduce the rate of infiltration and limit the size of the storage zone. The bank storage solely caused by the stage fluctuation differs slightly between gaining and losing streams. Short-term rainfall recharge and ET loss in the shallow groundwater slightly influence on the flow rate, but their effects on bank storage in a larger area for a longer period can be considerable. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Chen, XH, Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, 113 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. CR AYERS JF, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P325 BARLOW PM, 1998, 98415A US GEOL SURV BARLOW PM, 2000, J HYDROL, V230, P211 CHEN HC, 1998, J INFORM SCI, V24, P3 CHEN XH, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P845 COOPER HH, 1963, 1536J US GEOL SURV W, P343 DANIEL JF, 1970, 700B US GEOL SURV, P219 HARBAUGH AW, 2000, 0092 US GEOL SURV LAL AMW, 2001, J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE, V127, P567 MARTINEC J, 1985, FACETS HYDROLOGY, V2, P249 MCDONALD MG, 1988, US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MCGUIRE VL, 1998, 974266 US GEOL SURV MOENCH AF, 2000, J HYDROL, V230, P192 NEWSOM JM, 1988, GROUND WATER, V26, P703 PINDER GF, 1971, WATER RES R, V7, P63 POLLOCK DW, 1989, 89381 US GEOL SURV POLLOCK DW, 1989, 89622 US GEOL SURV POLLOCK DW, 1994, 94464 US GEOL SURV SINGH KP, 1968, WATER RESOUR RES, V4, P985 TODD DK, 1980, GROUNDWATER HYDROGEO WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 WINTER TC, 1998, US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, V1139 ZLOTNIK VA, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P599 NR 23 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 280 IS 1-4 BP 246 EP 264 PG 19 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 727ZZ UT ISI:000185691900014 ER PT J AU Kim, SB Corapcioglu, MY Kim, DJ TI Effect of dissolved organic matter and bacteria on contaminant transport in riverbank filtration SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE riverbank filtration; hydrophobic organic contaminant; dissolved organic matters; bacteria; colloid-facilitated transport ID POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NATURAL POROUS-MEDIA; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; MOBILE BACTERIA; BANK FILTRATION; LABORATORY COLUMN; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; SURFACE WATERS; GROUNDWATER AB A mathematical model for the transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants in an aquifer under simplistic riverbank filtration conditions is developed. The model considers a situation where contaminants are present together with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bacteria. The aquifer is conceptualized as a four-phase system: two mobile colloidal phases, an aqueous phase, and a stationary solid phase. An equilibrium approach is used to describe the interactions of contaminants with DOM, bacteria, and solid matrix. The model is composed of bacterial transport equation and contaminant transport equation. Numerical simulations are performed to examine the contaminant transport behavior in the presence of DOM and bacteria. The simulation results illustrate that contaminant transport is enhanced markedly in the presence of DOM and bacteria, and the impact of DOM on contaminant mobility is greater than that of bacteria under examined conditions. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the model is sensitive to changes of three lumped parameters: K-1(+) (total affinity of stationary solid phase to contaminants), K-2(+) (total affinity of DOM to contaminants), and K-3(+) (total affinity of bacteria to contaminants). In a situation where contaminants exist simultaneously with DOM and bacteria, contaminant transport is mainly affected by a ratio of K-1(+)/K-2(+)/K-3(+), which can vary with changes of equilibrium distribution coefficient of contaminants and/or colloidal concentrations. In riverbank filtration, the influence of DOM and bacteria on the transport behavior of contaminants should be accounted to accurately predict the contaminant mobility. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kim, SB, Korea Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 136701, South Korea. CR AHEL M, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P37 AMIRBAHMAN A, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P1993 BELLIN CA, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P1813 BORDEN RC, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P1973 BOURG ACM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P661 BOURG ACM, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P868 BOURG ACM, 1994, J CONTAM HYDROL, V15, P93 BRUSSEAU ML, 1989, CRIT REV ENV CONTR, V19, P1 CHAPRA SC, 1998, NUMERICAL METHODS EN CHIN YP, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P1630 COMPERE F, 2001, J CONTAM HYDROL, V49, P1 CORAPCIOGLU MY, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P2215 CORAPCIOGLU MY, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P2639 COSOVIC B, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P2921 DESHIIKAN SR, 1998, COLLOID SURFACE A, V145, P93 DOUSSAN C, 1997, J CONTAM HYDROL, V25, P129 ENFIELD CG, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P1278 FETTER CW, 1999, CONTAMINANT HYDROGEO FONTES DE, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P2473 FRIMMEL FH, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V35, P201 GROLIMUND D, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P3118 GSCHWEND PM, 1987, J CONTAM HYDROL, V1, P309 HOEHN E, 1987, WATER RESOUR RES, V23, P633 HOEHN E, 1989, WATER RESOUR RES, V25, P1795 JENKINS MB, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P3306 JOHNSON WP, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V32, P247 KIM SB, 2001, THESIS TEXAS A M U KIM SH, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P321 KRETZSCHMAR R, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P435 KRETZSCHMAR R, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P1129 KUEHN W, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P60 KUHN EP, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P961 LIENERT C, 1994, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V58, P5455 LINDQVIST R, 1992, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V58, P2211 LITERATHY P, 1996, P INT S ART RECH GOU, P53 LIU HM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P1553 MAGEE BR, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P323 MARMONIER P, 1995, J N AMER BENTHOL SOC, V14, P382 MATTHESS G, 1988, J CONTAM HYDROL, V2, P171 MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENV PARTICLES, V2, CH6 MCCARTHY JF, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1223 MILLS WB, 1991, GROUND WATER, V29, P199 NOELL AL, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V31, P23 OMELIA CR, 1980, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V14, P1052 PIET GJ, 1980, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V72, P400 PULS RW, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P614 RAY C, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P235 ROY SB, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V30, P179 RYAN JN, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P307 SAIERS JE, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1455 SANTSCHI PH, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P909 SCHELLENBERG K, 1984, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V18, P652 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P472 SCHWEITZER F, 1998, ADV COMPLEX SYST, V1, P11 SONTHEIMER H, 1980, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V72, P386 TSEZOS M, 1986, WATER RES, V20, P851 VANDERKOOIJ D, 1985, WATER SUPPLY, V3, P41 VILLHOLTH KG, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P691 VONGUNTEN HR, 1988, J CONTAM HYDROL, V2, P237 VONGUNTEN HR, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P3597 WABER U, 1987, RADIOCHIM ACTA, V41, P191 WABER UE, 1990, J CONTAM HYDROL, V6, P251 WORCH E, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P259 YAO KM, 1971, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V5, P1105 NR 64 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 730XK UT ISI:000185855300001 ER PT J AU Maxwell, RM Welty, C Tompson, AFB TI Streamline-based simulation of virus transport resulting from long term artificial recharge in a heterogeneous aquifer SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE virus transport; colloid transport; geologic heterogeneity; artificial aquifer recharge; streamline numerical methods ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SANDY SOILS; BACTERIOPHAGE TRANSPORT; CHEMICAL PERTURBATIONS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; GRADIENT EXPERIMENT; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; COLLOID TRANSPORT AB The likelihood for viruses, protozoan oocysts, and other human pathogens to enter groundwater, and in particular, sensitive or vulnerable water supplies, has increased as the numbers of anthropogenic sources such as septic systems, leaking sewers, animal farming operations, and artificial recharge of treated wastewater have proliferated. In this paper, we utilize a detailed numerical model of groundwater flow in a region encompassing a large artificial groundwater recharge operation in Orange County, California to evaluate the potential for transport of viruses and protozoan oocysts in such a system, as dictated by a transport model that includes colloid filtration and microbial inactivation components. The purpose of the model is not oriented towards the analysis of any perceived or real microbial contamination, but rather is directed at understanding the influence of aquifer heterogeneity within the modeled system. The transport model is based upon a novel representation of geologic heterogeneity, a high-resolution flow simulator, and an efficient streamline-based transport algorithm. Example virus transport simulations illustrate a large degree of variability in virus breakthrough across water supply pumping wells, with shallower wells providing less than two orders of magnitude of virus removal, and deeper wells indicating many orders of magnitude of virus removal. Simulation results also show variability among pathogens modeled, with Cryptosporidium parvum filtered to a much greater degree than other pathogens. Comparison to transport of an abiotic colloid and a conservative chemical tracer are provided to illustrate the influence of filtration and inactivation on the transport process. The results emphasize the need for improved microbial transport models in realistic aquifer systems, more reliable virus characterization methods and monitoring networks, and their ultimate integration into a broader epidemiological and regulatory framework for aquifer management. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Maxwell, RM, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, L-208,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CR 2000, FED REG, V65, P30194 *OCWD, 1991, GROUNDW MAN PLAN 19 *OCWD, 1995, OR COUNT WAT DISTR A *US EPA, 1992, 811P92001 US EPA ABBASZADEGAN M, 1999, OCCURRENCE VIRUSES G BALES RC, 1989, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V55, P2061 BALES RC, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P2088 BALES RC, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P957 BALES RC, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P653 BALES RC, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P639 BATYCKY R, 1997, THESIS STANFORD U ST BHATTACHARJEE S, 2002, J CONTAM HYDROL, V57, P161 BLANC R, 1996, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V33, P237 BOGGS JM, 1992, WATER RESOUR RES, V28, P3281 CARLE SF, 1996, THESIS U CALIFORNIA CARLE SF, 1998, SEPM CONCEPTS HYDROG, V1, P147 CHIJVEN JF, 2001, THESIS TU DELFT CHILAKAPATI A, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V35, P2427 CORAPCIOGLU MY, 1984, J HYDROL, V72, P149 COX RA, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P2645 CRANE MJ, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V35, P3061 DATTAGUPTA A, 1998, JPT RESERVIOR MANAGE, V12, P72 DAVIS JV, 1998, MICROBIOLOGICAL QUAL DAVISSON ML, 1996, UCRLID123593 LAWR LI DAVISSON ML, 1998, P ANN UC WAT REUS C DONG HL, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P891 DOWD SE, 1998, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V64, P405 GARABEDIAN SP, 1988, 315 MIT PARS LAB GELHAR LW, 1992, WATER RESOUR RES, V28, P1955 GELHAR LW, 1993, STOCHASTIC SUBSURFAC GERBA CP, 1984, ADV APPL MICROBIOL, V30, P133 HARTER T, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P62 HARVEY RW, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P178 JIN Y, 2000, J ENVIRON QUAL, V29, P532 JOHNSON PR, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P3284 KATO S, 2002, J PARASITOL, V88, P718 KAUFFMAN LJ, 1996, THESIS DREXEL U KINOSHITA T, 1993, J CONTAM HYDROL, V14, P55 LEBLANC DR, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P895 LINDSEY BD, 2002, 014268 US GEOL SURV LOGAN BE, 1995, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V121, P869 MACLER BA, 1995, GROUND WATER MONIT R, V15, P77 MARTIN MJ, 1996, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V122, P407 MATTHESS G, 1988, J CONTAM HYDROL, V2, P171 MAXWELL RM, 1998, WATER RESOUR RES, V34, P833 MAXWELL RM, 2001, P INT RIV FILTR C AM, P241 MIRALLESWILHELM F, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1541 PIEPER AP, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P1163 POWELL KL, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P339 POWELSON DK, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P2192 RAJAGOPALAN R, 1976, AICHE J, V22, P523 RAY C, 2002, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V94, P149 REHMANN LLC, 1998, THESIS DREXEL U PHIL REHMANN LLC, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V35, P1987 REN JH, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P2493 RYAN JN, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P2403 SAIERS JE, 1994, WATER RESOUR RES, V30, P2499 SCHIJVEN JF, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V35, P1101 SCHIJVEN JF, 2000, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V30, P49 SKILTON H, 1988, J APPL BACTERIOL, V65, P387 SUDICKY EA, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P2069 THIELE MR, 1996, SPE RESERVOIR ENG, V11, P5 TOMPSON AFB, 1996, REV MINERALOGY MINER, P34 TOMPSON AFB, 1999, UCRLID132300 LAWR LI TOMPSON AFB, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V35, P2981 WALKER MJ, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P3134 WILLIAMS AE, 1997, J HYDROL, V201, P230 YABUSAKI SB, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V30, P299 YANKO WA, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P53 YATES MV, 1988, CRC CRIT R ENVIRON, V17, P307 YATES MV, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P76 NR 71 TC 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1075 EP 1096 PG 22 SC Water Resources GA 727QV UT ISI:000185670700003 ER PT J AU Han, NZ Thompson, ML TI Impact of dissolved organic matter on copper mobility in aquifer material SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; PREPARATIVE ISOLATION; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; AMENDED SOILS; HEAVY-METALS; CARBON; COLUMNS; ADSORPTION; MECHANISMS; BIOSOLIDS AB Naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (DOM) and biosolids-derived DOM have been implicated in the mobility of metals in soils and aquifer materials. To investigate the effect of DOM on copper mobility in aquifer material, DOM derived from sewage biosolids was separated into two apparent molecular-weight (MW) fractions, 500 to 3500 Da (LMW) and >14 000 Da (HMW). In each MW fraction, the DOM was further fractionated into hydrophilic, hydrophobic acid, and hydrophobic neutral compounds by an XAD-8 chromatography technique. The mobility of these DOM components and their influences on copper transport in a sesquioxide-coated, sandy aquifer material were examined with column transport experiments. The LMW DOM was found to be highly mobile, whereas the HMW DOM had a greater tendency to be retained by the aquifer material. Within the same MW fraction, the mobility of DOM followed the order of hydrophilic DOM > hydrophobic acid DOM > hydrophobic neutral DOM. Copper breakthrough curves in the presence of various DOM components showed that, except for the HMW hydrophilic fraction, DOM components enhanced Cu transport through the aquifer columns at early stages of transport (the first 75 pore volumes). In the later stages, however, all the DOM components substantially inhibited Cu mobility. We hypothesize that several mechanisms could account for retardation of Cu movement in the presence of the DOM fractions, including the formation of ternary complexes between the aquifer material, Cu, and DOM; changes in the electrostatic potential at the solid-phase surface; and pH buffering by DOM. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Thompson, ML, Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. 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Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1829 EP 1836 PG 8 SC Environmental Sciences GA 723AD UT ISI:000185409500029 ER PT J AU Clancy, JL Connell, K McCuin, RM TI Implementing PBMS improvements to USEPA's Cryptosporidium and Giardia methods SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WATER; OOCYSTS; CYSTS AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has developed a new approach for modifying analytical methods-the performance-based measurement system (PBMS). Methods 1622 and 1623 are the first microbiological methods from USEPA to be based on PBMS. This approach to method validation and implementation allows the methods to be modified to improve performance, increase laboratory efficiency, or reduce costs, provided that the methods' quality control acceptance criteria are met. Although the PBMS approach to method flexibility is straightforward in principle, laboratories and manufacturers need to understand the requirements and process for USEPA evaluation and approval of modified methods before embarking on studies to demonstrate acceptable performance of a modified version of a method. This article describes the process for conducting modified method acceptability studies for USEPA methods 1622 and 1623 and gives examples of both successful and unsuccessful outcomes. C1 CEC Inc, St Albans, VT 05478 USA. RP Clancy, JL, CEC Inc, POB 314, St Albans, VT 05478 USA. CR 2001, FED REG 0830 *USEPA, 1996, EPA600R95178 *USEPA, 1996, EPA821B96003 136 *USEPA, 1997, FED REGISTER, V62, P14975 *USEPA, 1999, 1622 EPA *USEPA, 1999, 1623 EPA *USEPA, 2001, 1622 EPA *USEPA, 2001, 1623 EPA *USEPA, 2001, EPA815R01003 CLANCY JL, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P89 CLANCY JL, 1999, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V91, P51 CLANCY JL, 1999, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V91, P60 CONNELL K, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P30 DIGIORGIO CL, 2002, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V68, P5952 HSU BM, 2000, J ENVIRON QUAL, V29, P1587 LECHEVALLIER MW, 2002, AWWA RES FDN AWWA DE MCCUIN RM, 2003, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V69, P267 NIEMINSKI EC, 1995, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V61, P1714 NR 18 TC 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 95 IS 9 BP 80 EP 93 PG 14 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 722PE UT ISI:000185384600013 ER PT J AU Abbaszadegan, M Lechevallier, M Gerba, C TI Occurrence of viruses in US groundwaters SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ENTERIC VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; WATER; GASTROENTERITIS; TRANSPORT; ROTAVIRUS; PCR AB US groundwater may be subjected to fecal contamination from a variety of sources. This study sought to develop a preliminary assessment database on virus occurrence in groundwater systems at the national level. Information on physical and geological characteristics of groundwater wells, along with various microbial and physicochemical water quality parameters, was collected, and possible correlation with the presence of human viruses was investigated. Groundwater samples from 448 sites in 35 states were collected and assayed for microorganisms and chemical contaminants. Infective viruses, viral nucleic acid, bacteriophages, and bacteria were present in 4.8, 31.5, 20.7, and 15.1% of samples, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that one-time sampling is not sufficient for proper risk characterization. No significant direct correlations existed between the presence of virus and microbial indicators. However, when only the sites with repeat sampling were examined for correlations between indicators and pathogens, it was observed that if a site tested positive for a microbial indicator, it also tested positive at some point in time for pathogens. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, Water Qual Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Abbaszadegan, M, Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, Water Qual Ctr, POB 875306, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. 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Am. Water Work Assoc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 95 IS 9 BP 107 EP 120 PG 14 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 722PE UT ISI:000185384600015 ER PT J AU Crainiceanu, CM Stedinger, JR Ruppert, D Behr, CT TI Modeling the US national distribution of waterborne pathogen concentrations with application to Cryptosporidium parvum SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; waterborne pathogens; Cryptosporidium parvum; generalized linear mixed model ID LINEAR MIXED MODELS; GIARDIA; OOCYSTS; INFERENCE; RAINFALL AB This paper provides a general statistical methodology for modeling environmental pathogen concentrations in natural waters. A hierarchical model of pathogen concentrations captures site and regional random effects as well as random laboratory recovery rates. Recovery rates were modeled by a generalized linear mixed model. Two classes of pathogen concentration models are differentiated according to their ultimate purpose: water quality prediction or health risk analysis. A fully Bayesian analysis using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation is used for statistical inference. The applicability of this methodology is illustrated by the analysis of a national survey of Cryptosporidium parvum concentrations, in which 93% of the observations were zero counts. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Operat Res & Ind Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. eDesign Dynam LLC, W New York, NJ 07093 USA. RP Crainiceanu, CM, Cornell Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Malott Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 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Res. PD SEP 4 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 9 AR 1235 PG 15 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 722FV UT ISI:000185365500003 ER PT J AU Runkel, RL McKnight, DM Rajaram, H TI Modeling hyporheic zone processes - Preface SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; TRANSIENT STORAGE; STREAM METABOLISM; HEADWATER STREAMS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MOUNTAIN STREAM; SURFACE-WATER; RETENTION; CALIFORNIA; COUNTY C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Runkel, RL, US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. 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Water Resour. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 9 BP 901 EP 905 PG 5 SC Water Resources GA 720AA UT ISI:000185236900001 ER PT J AU Fox, GA Durnford, DS TI Unsaturated hyporheic zone flow in stream/aquifer conjunctive systems SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE stream/aquifer interaction; hyporheic zone; unsaturated flow; stream leakage; constant head boundary; constant flux boundary ID UNSTEADY STREAM DEPLETION; SOIL-WATER RETENTION; MODEL AB Saturated flow is typically assumed for seepage from a stream underlain by an alluvial aquifer. However, if the water table falls a sufficient distance below a semipervious streambed, the head losses in this less conductive layer will cause the region beneath the stream, or hyporheic zone, to become unsaturated. Hyporheic zone flow is defined loosely in this research as the flow that occurs underneath the streambed. Unsaturated flow transforms streams from constant head boundaries to constant flux boundaries, impacting the biogeochernistry in the hyporheic zone. The objective of this paper is to discuss the development and implications of unsaturated flow beneath the streambed. Conditions under which saturated or unsaturated flow occurs and the characteristics of each flow regime are discussed. Next, the effect of unsaturated flow is illustrated for the case of stream leakage induced by a well pumping from an aquifer that is hydraulically interacting with a partially penetrating stream. Prior analytical solutions for alluvial well depletions fail to model unsaturated flow between the streambed and water table. An approximating solution is proposed to estimate aquifer drawdown and stream depletion under saturated/unsaturated hyporheic zone flow conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Fox, GA, Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. CR ALLAN JD, 1995, STREAM ECOLOGY STRUC BAKER MA, 2000, STREAMS GROUNDWATERS, P260 BEAR J, 1972, DYNAMICS FLUIDS PORO BOUWER H, 1978, GROUNDWATER HYDROLOG BROOKS RH, 1964, HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES, P27 BUTLER JJ, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P651 CALVER A, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P546 CARSEL RF, 1988, WATER RESOUR RES, V24, P755 CONRAD LP, 1996, WATER RESOUR BULL, V32, P1209 COREY AT, 1992, INDIRECT METHODS EST, P37 COREY AT, 1994, MECH IMMISCIBLE FLUI DOUSSAN C, 1998, J ENVIRON QUAL, V27, P1418 DUFF JH, 2000, STREAMS GROUND WATER, P197 FOX GA, 2002, GROUND WATER, V40, P378 FOX GA, 2003, P 23 ANN AM GEOPH UN GLOVER RE, 1954, EOS T AGU, V35, P468 GLOVER RE, 1960, MATH DERIVATIONS PER HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 HUNT B, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P98 HUNT B, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P283 LARKIN RG, 1992, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V104, P1608 RAWLS WJ, 1982, J IRRIGATION DRAINAG, V108, P166 ROSENSHEIN JS, 1988, GEOL SOC N AM O, V2, P165 RUSHTON K, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P805 SOPHOCLEOUS M, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P579 THEIS CV, 1935, T AM GEOPHYS UNION, V16, P519 THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 VANGENUCHTEN MT, 1980, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V44, P892 WHITE NF, 1972, SOIL SCI, V113, P7 WINTER TC, 1988, US GEOL SURVEY CIRCU, V1139, P79 NR 30 TC 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 9 BP 989 EP 1000 PG 12 SC Water Resources GA 720AA UT ISI:000185236900008 ER PT J AU Drewes, JE Heberer, T Rauch, T Reddersen, K TI Fate of pharmaceuticals during ground water recharge SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SURFACE WATERS; WASTE-WATER; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONTAMINANTS; PRODUCTS; RESIDUES; SEWAGE AB Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have recently. been detected in the aquatic environment. Many studies have identified domestic waste water discharge as the source for detectable concentrations of PPCPs in surface water. PPCPs are a concern for the aquatic environment when production and use are sufficiently large and physicochemical properties are appropriate. Hydrophilic PPCPs present in surface water or waste water may also affect ground water quality where water is used to recharge ground water. However, less is known about how efficiently PPCPs are removed during percolation, through the subsurface. The scope of this study was to. examine the fate of selected PPCPs during ground water recharge at two water reuse sites where secondary and tertiary treated waste water is used for subsequent ground water recharge. The ground water recharge sites selected differ in aboveground treatment and geohydrological settings. The selected pharmaceutials represent blood lipid regulators, analgesics/anti-inflammatories, blood viscosity agents, and antiepileptics. Organic iodine was used as a surrogate parameter for X-ray contrast agents. Composite samples of treated waste water and from ground water monitoring wells were collected and, analyzed for pharmaceuticals using gas chromatography with mass spectroscopic,detection. The study revealed that the stimulant caffeine, analgesic/anti-inflammatory drugs such as diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, and fenoprofen, and blood lipid regulators such as gemfibrozil were efficiently removed to concentrations near or below the detection limit of the analytical method after retention times of less than six months during ground water recharge. The antiepileptics carbamazepine and primidone were not removed during ground water recharge under either anoxic saturated or aerobic unsaturated flow conditions during travel times of up to eight years. Organic iodine showed a partial removal only under anoxic, saturated conditions as compared to aerobic conditions and persisted in the recharged ground water. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Food Chem, D-13355 Berlin, Germany. Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Drewes, JE, Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. CR *THOMS MED EC, 2002, PHYS DESK REF BRAUCH HJ, 2000, GWF WASSER ABWASSER, V141, P226 BUSER HR, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P188 BUSER HR, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3449 BUSER HR, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2529 DAUGHTON C, 2001, S SERIS, V791 DAUGHTON CG, 1999, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S6, V107, P907 DREWES JE, 2001, J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A, V36, P1633 DREWES JE, 2001, P 2 INT C PHARM END DREWES JE, 2001, S SERIES, V791, P206 FOX P, 2001, INVESTIGATION SOIL A FOX P, 2001, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V43, P343 HALLINGSORENSEN B, 1998, CHEMOSPHERE, V36, P357 HEBERER T, 1998, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V26, P272 HEBERER T, 2001, P 2 INT C PHARM END HEBERER T, 2002, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V46, P81 HIRSCH R, 1996, VOM WASSER, V87, P263 KOLPIN DW, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1202 KUEHN W, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P60 OLEKSYFRENZEL J, 2000, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V366, P89 RICHARDSON ML, 1985, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V37, P1 SACHER F, 1998, VOM WASSER, V90, P233 SIEVERS RE, 1977, J CHROMATOGR, V142, P745 STAN HJ, 1997, ANALUSIS, V25, M20 STEGERHARTMANN T, 2002, WATER RES, V36, P226 STUMPF M, 1996, VOM WASSER, V86, P291 TERNES TA, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P3245 NR 27 TC 4 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT REMEDIAT JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 64 EP 72 PG 9 SC Water Resources GA 716FF UT ISI:000185017600007 ER PT J AU Chen, XH Chen, X TI Effects of aquifer anisotropy on the migration of infiltrated stream water to a pumping well SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE aquifers; wells; pumps; streams; water infiltration ID ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; DEPLETION; FLOW AB Pumping of groundwater near a stream can induce infiltration of stream water into the surrounding aquifers. Analysis of the migration of the infiltrated stream water to the pumping well is important to better understand stream-aquifer interactions. The paper analyzes the effects of aquifer anisotropy on the migration process of infiltrated stream water to a partially penetrating well. MODFLOW is used to simulate the transient groundwater velocity fields, and MODPATH is used to record the locations of water particles. Pathlines were plotted over a cross section to show the hydraulic connectivity between the well and the stream for various levels of aquifer anisotropy. Travel times, infiltration rates, and fractions of pumped river water were determined to characterize the migration process. Generally, the movement of the infiltrated stream water is slow; the water can take several months to arrive at a well located a short distance from a stream. Results suggest that the rate of produced stream water at the well is higher for the anisotropy K-h/K-z = 10 and 20 (ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity) than for K-h/K-z <10, or >20. On the other hand, when K-h/K-z is between 20 and 100, the first water particle that gets to the pumping well needs a shorter travel time than that for other K-h/K-z values. A gaining stream can significantly reduce the rate of stream infiltration and produced stream water. Areal recharge provides an additional source to the well, thus reducing the rate of stream infiltration as well as the rate of produced stream water. C1 Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Hohai Univ, Dept Water Resources, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Chen, XH, Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. CR AYERS JF, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P325 BOURG ACM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P661 CHEN HC, 1998, J INFORM SCI, V24, P3 CHEN XH, 1997, GROUND WATER, V35, P751 CHEN XH, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P845 CHEN XH, 1999, J ENVIRON SYST, V27, P55 CHEN XH, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P721 CHEN XH, 2002, GROUND WATER, V40, P284 CONRAD LP, 1996, WATER RESOUR BULL, V32, P1209 CUNNANE M, 1999, WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, P149 FREEZE RA, 1979, GROUNDWATER GLOVER RE, 1954, EOS T AGU, V35, P468 HANTUSH MS, 1964, J GEOPHYS RES, V69, P2551 HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 HUANG HH, 2000, THESIS U OF NEBRASKA HUNT B, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P98 JENKINS CT, 1968, GROUND WATER, V6, P37 MARIE JR, 1996, 2453 US GEOL SURV MCDONALD MG, 1988, TECHNIQUES WATER RES MCGUIRE VL, 1998, 974266 US GEOL SURV POLLOCK DW, 1989, 89381 US GEOL SURV SOPHOCLEOUS M, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P579 THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 WENZEL LK, 1942, 887 US GEOL SURV WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 YAGER RM, 1993, 2387 US GEOL SURV NR 26 TC 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 8 IS 5 BP 287 EP 293 PG 7 SC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 713YR UT ISI:000184886000006 ER PT J AU Hur, J Schlautman, MA TI Molecular weight fractionation of humic substances by adsorption onto minerals SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humic substances; adsorption; fractionation; molecular weight; size exclusion chromatography; mineral surface ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; FULVIC-ACID; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; IRON-OXIDES; TRANSPORT; GOETHITE; MECHANISMS; DESORPTION; SORPTION AB Molecular weight (MW) fractionation of Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and purified Aldrich humic acid (PAHA) by adsorption onto kaolinite and hematite was investigated in equilibrium and rate experiments with a size-exclusion chromatography system using ultraviolet (UV) light detection. The extent of adsorptive fractionation based on UV detection was positively correlated with the percent carbon adsorption for both humic substances (HS), although the specific fractionation pattern observed depended on the particular HS and mineral used. Higher MW fractions of SRFA, an aquatic HS, were preferentially adsorbed to both kaolinite and hematite whereas the fractionation trends for PAHA, a terrestrial peat HS, differed for the two minerals. The contrasting fractionation patterns for SRFA versus PAHA can be explained reasonably well by the different structural trends that occur in their respective MW fractions and the underlying adsorption processes. Rate studies of adsorptive fractionation revealed an initial rapid uptake of smaller HS molecules by the mineral surfaces, followed by their replacement at the surface by a much slower uptake of the larger HS molecules present in aqueous solution. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson Inst Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. RP Schlautman, MA, Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. 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Colloid Interface Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 264 IS 2 BP 313 EP 321 PG 9 SC Chemistry, Physical GA 714XV UT ISI:000184940400002 ER PT J AU Zaramella, M Packman, AI Marion, A TI Application of the transient storage model to analyze advective hyporheic exchange with deep and shallow sediment beds SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hyporheic exchange; transient storage; solute transport; streams; stream-subsurface interactions; modeling ID STREAM-SUBSURFACE EXCHANGE; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; NONSORBING SOLUTES; WATER EXCHANGE; TRACER; RIVERS; FORMS; GROUNDWATER AB Hydrodynamic exchange between a stream and its bed plays an important role in solute transport in rivers. Stream-subsurface exchange is known to occur due to several different mechanisms and different approaches have been used to model the resulting solute transport, but there has been little investigation of the ability of the various models to represent specific exchange processes. This work evaluates the ability of the semiempirical transient storage model (TSM) to represent advective hyporheic exchange driven by bed form-induced pore water flows. The TSM is based on the idealized hypothesis that the flux of contaminants is proportional to the difference in concentration between the bed and the stream. To evaluate the ability of this simplified mass transfer relationship to reproduce advective hyporheic exchange, we apply the TSM to data sets for the exchange of conservative solutes with sand beds in laboratory flumes where bed form-induced pumping is the dominant exchange mechanism. The results show that the simplified expressions used in the TSM can represent some but not all aspects of the pumping process. The TSM can represent advective exchange with shallow beds that have a defined exchange layer restricted by the presence of an impermeable boundary. In this case, transient storage parameters can be directly related to the streamflow conditions and the channel geometry. However, the TSM does not do a good job of representing exchange with a relatively deep sediment bed, where flow along different advective paths in the bed yields a wide distribution of exchange timescales. C1 Univ Padua, Dept Hydraul Maritime & Geotech Engn, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Zaramella, M, Univ Padua, Dept Hydraul Maritime & Geotech Engn, Via Loredan 20, I-35100 Padua, Italy. CR *US EPA, 2000, 542R00007 EPA US EPA BENCALA KE, 1983, WATER RESOUR RES, V19, P718 BRUNKE M, 1997, FRESHWATER BIOL, V37, P1 CASTRO NM, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P1613 CHOI J, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P1511 ELLIOTT AH, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P123 ELLIOTT AH, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P137 EYLERS H, 1994, THESIS CALTECH PASAD EYLERS H, 1995, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V46, P209 FISCHER HB, 1979, MIXING INLAND COASTA HALL RO, 2002, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V47, P255 HARVEY JW, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P89 HARVEY JW, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P2441 HARVEY JW, 2000, STREAMS GROUND WATER, P3 HYNES HBN, 1983, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V100, P93 JONES JB, 2000, STREAMS GROUND WATER LEES MJ, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P213 MARION A, 2002, WATER RESOUR RES, V38 MARION A, 2003, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V129, P456 MEDINA MA, 2002, ENV MODELING MANAGEM, P1 OCONNOR DJ, 1988, J ENV ENG DIV P AM S, V114, P552 PACKMAN AI, 1999, 28 IAHR C INT ASS HY PACKMAN AI, 2000, STREAMS GROUND WATER, P45 PACKMAN AI, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P2351 PACKMAN AI, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P2363 PACKMAN AI, 2001, WATER RESOUR RES, V37, P2591 PACKMAN AI, 2003, WATER RESOUR RES, V39 RUNKEL RL, 1998, 984018 US GEOL SURV SAVANT SA, 1987, WATER RESOUR RES, V23, P1763 SCHNOOR JL, 1987, EPA600387015 US EPA THIBODEAUX LJ, 1987, NATURE, V325, P341 VANONI VA, 1975, SEDIMENTATION ENG MA, V54 WAGNER BJ, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P1731 WINTER TC, 1998, 1139 US GEOL SURV WORMAN A, 1998, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V124, P122 WORMAN A, 2002, WATER RESOUR RES, V38 YOUNG PC, 1986, INT C WAT QUAL MOD I ZARAMELLA M, 2000, THESIS U PADOVA PADU NR 38 TC 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 31 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 7 AR 1198 PG 12 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 710ZG UT ISI:000184712200001 ER PT J AU Mutz, M Rohde, A TI Processes of surface-subsurface water exchange in a low energy sand-bed stream SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sand-bed stream; hyporheic flow; vertical water flux; pumping; sediment turnover ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; NONSORBING SOLUTES; CHANNEL; FLOW; GROUNDWATER; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS AB The surface-subsurface water exchange at base-flow conditions was assessed in a natural sand-bed stream. The aim was to examine the relative contribution of sediment turnover and vertical hyporheic flow in a natural environment. Sediment turnover was determined using coloured sand columns implanted into the stream bed. Direction and velocity of hyporheic flow was recorded with a fluid tracer injected into the stream bed. Large amounts of wood caused a heterogeneous stream bed relief. Grain size distribution of sediments was homogenous with a porosity of 37%. The hydraulic conductivity ranged from 3 (.) 10(-6) m s(-1) to 1 (.) 10(-4) m s(-1) with a mean of 7 . 10(-5) m s(-1). Groundwater upwelling was a major process (0.39 1 m(-2) h(-1)) and stream water was passing through the hyporheic zone at a rate of 0.12 1 m(-2) h(-1). Since hyporheic velocity was high in comparison to flume studies, the transfer of stream water through bed sediments might have been induced by the wood in addition to local topography in the sand-bed. Sediment displacement at base-flow was found in 79% of the stream bed. Release and trapping of pore water by sediment turnover contributed greatly to the surface-subsurface water exchange. Pumping and sediment turnover were significant processes of the vertical connectivity in the natural sand-bed stream. C1 Brandenburg Technol Univ, Chair Water Conservat, Res Stn Bad Saarow, D-15526 Bad Saarow Pieskow, Germany. RP Mutz, M, Brandenburg Technol Univ, Chair Water Conservat, Res Stn Bad Saarow, Seestr 45, D-15526 Bad Saarow Pieskow, Germany. CR BAUMGARTNER A, 1990, LEHRBUCH HYDROLOGIE BEYER W, 1964, WASSERWIRTSCHAFT WAS, V14, P165 BRUNKE M, 1997, FRESHWATER BIOL, V37, P1 CASTRO NM, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P1613 DAVIS JA, 1989, FRESHWATER BIOL, V21, P271 DITTRICH A, 1999, WASSERWIRTSCHAFT, V89, P306 ELLIOTT AH, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P123 ELLIOTT AH, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P137 FINDLAY S, 1995, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V40, P159 GORDON ND, 1992, STREAM HYDROLOGY INT GRIMM NB, 1984, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V111, P219 HARMON ME, 1986, ADV ECOL RES, V15, P133 HARVEY JW, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P89 HENDRICKS SP, 1988, AQUAT BOT, V31, P13 HERING D, 2000, INT REV HYDROBIOL, V85, P5 HUETTEL M, 1992, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V89, P253 HUETTEL M, 1996, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V41, P309 HUTCHINSON PA, 1998, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V124, P419 METZLER GM, 1990, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V47, P588 MUTZ M, 2000, INT REV HYDROBIOL, V85, P107 MUTZ M, 2001, IN PRESS VERH INT VE, V27 PALMER MA, 1993, J N AMER BENTHOL SOC, V12, P84 RUTHERFORD JC, 1993, WATER RES, V27, P1545 SAVANT SA, 1987, WATER RESOUR RES, V23, P1763 SHIMIZU Y, 1990, J HYDROSCI HYDRAUL E, V8, P69 TAMAI N, 1987, BOUND-LAY METEOROL, V39, P301 TANIGUCHI S, 1982, J WIND ENG IND AEROD, V9, P257 THIBODEAUX LJ, 1987, NATURE, V325, P341 TRISKA FJ, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V251, P167 VAUX WG, 1968, US FISH WILDL SERV F, V66, P479 VERVIER P, 1993, FRESHWATER BIOL, V29, P275 WEBSTER JR, 1987, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V32, P848 WHITMAN RL, 1982, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V92, P651 WINTER TC, 1988, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V33, P1209 NR 34 TC 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-2944 J9 INT REV HYDROBIOL JI Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. PY 2003 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 290 EP 303 PG 14 SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 710PH UT ISI:000184688300006 ER PT J AU Story, A Moore, RD Macdonald, JS TI Stream temperatures in two shaded reaches below cutblocks and logging roads: downstream cooling linked to subsurface hydrology SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; WATER; FORESTRY; DYNAMICS; AREAS AB This study examined water temperature patterns and their physical controls for two small, clearing-heated streams in shaded reaches downstream of all forestry activity. Field observations were made during July-August 2000 in the central interior of British Columbia, Canada. For both reaches, downstream cooling of up to 4degreesC had been observed during daytime over distances of similar to200 m. Radiative and convective exchanges of energy at heavily shaded sites on both reaches represented a net input of heat during most afternoons and therefore could not explain the observed cooling. In one stream, the greatest downstream cooling occurred when streamflow at the upstream site dropped below about 5 L.s(-1). At those times, temperatures at the downstream site were controlled mainly by local inflow of groundwater, because the warmer water from upstream was lost by infiltration in the upper 150 m of the reach. Warming often occurred in the upper subreach, where cool groundwater did not interact with the channel. At the second stream, creek temperature patterns were comparatively stable. Energy balance estimates from one afternoon suggested that groundwater inflow caused about 40% of the similar to3degreesC gross cooling effect in the daily maximum temperature, whereas bed heat conduction and hyporheic exchange caused about 60%. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Cooperat Fisheries Res Ctr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Moore, RD, Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, 1984 W Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. CR *ENV CAN, 2002, CAN CLIM NORM 1971 2 *GOLD SOFTW INC, 1995, SURFER WIND VERS 6 BARTON DR, 1985, N AM J FISH MANAGE, V5, P364 BAXTER CV, 2000, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V57, P1470 BEAUDRY PG, 2001, EFFECTS RIPARIAN MAN BESCHTA RL, 1987, STREAMSIDE MANAGEMEN, P191 BILBY RE, 1984, J FRESHWATER ECOL, V2, P593 BLACK TA, 1991, CAN J FOREST RES, V21, P1020 BROWN GW, 1969, WATER RESOUR RES, V5, P68 BROWN GW, 1970, WATER RESOUR RES, V6, P1133 BROWN GW, 1971, PNW119 USDA FOR SERV CASTRO NM, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P1613 CHRISTIE T, 1999, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V67, P201 COLLETT A, 1997, BAPTISTE CREEK WATER CURRY RA, 1996, CAN J FOREST RES, V26, P767 DENHARTOG G, 1978, HYDROLOGICAL ATLAS C DINGMAN SL, 1994, PHYSICAL HYDROLOGY GEIST DR, 2000, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V57, P1647 GREENE GE, 1950, J SOIL WATER CONSERV, V5, P125 HARVEY JW, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P2441 HARVEY JW, 1998, WATER RESOUR RES, V34, P623 HARVEY JW, 2000, STREAMS GROUND WATER, P3 HILL AR, 2000, STREAMS GROUND WATER, P83 JOHNSON SL, 2000, CAN J FISH AQUAT S2, V57, P30 KASAHARA T, 2003, WATER RESOUR RES, V39 KEITH RM, 1998, T AM FISH SOC, V127, P889 LAPHAM WW, 1989, 2337 US GEOL SURV LEVNO A, 1967, PNW65 USDA FOR SERV MACDONALD JS, 2003, CAN J FOREST RES, V33, P1371 MCGURK BJ, 1989, PSW110 USDA FOR SERV, P157 MOORE RD, 2003, IN PRESS CAN TECH RE OKE TR, 1987, BOUNDARY LAYER CLIMA POOLE GC, 2001, ENVIRON MANAGE, V27, P787 POWER G, 1999, HYDROL PROCESS, V13, P401 RUNKEL RL, 1998, 984018 US GEOL SURV SILLIMAN SE, 1993, J HYDROL, V146, P131 SINOKROT BA, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P2299 STORY A, 2002, THESIS U BRIT COL VA TITCOMB JW, 1926, T AM FISH SOC, V56, P122 WEBB BW, 1999, HYDROL PROCESS, V13, P309 WEBSTER JR, 1996, METHODS STREAM ECOLO, P145 NR 41 TC 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1383 EP 1396 PG 14 SC Forestry GA 711RV UT ISI:000184755600005 ER PT J AU Quanrud, DM Hafer, J Karpiscak, MM Zhang, HM Lansey, KE Arnold, RG TI Fate of organics during soil-aquifer treatment: sustainability of removals in the field SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil-aquifer treatment; wastewater effluent; dissolved organic carbon; trihalomethanes ID CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; RECLAIMED WATER; DRINKING-WATER; WASTE-WATER; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; MATTER; IDENTIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; EFFLUENTS AB A 5-year program of study was conducted at the Sweetwater Recharge Facilities (SRF) to assess the performance of surface spreading operations for organics attenuation during field-scale soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) of municipal wastewater. Studies were conducted utilizing both mature (similar to 10 yr old) and new infiltration basins. Removals of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were robust, averaging > 90 percent during percolation through the local 37-m vadose zone. The hydrophilic (most polar) fraction of DOC was preferentially removed during SAT; removals were attributed primarily to biodegradation. Reductions in trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) averaged 91 percent across the vadose zone profile. The reactivity (specific THMFP) of post-SAT organic residuals with chlorine decreased slightly from pre-SAT levels (60 vs. 72 mug THM per mg DOC, respectively). Variations in the duration of wetting/drying periods did not significantly impact organic removal efficiencies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Quanrud, DM, Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CR *APHA AWWA WEF, 1995, STAND METH EX WAT WA *NRC, 1998, ISS POT REUS VIAB AU *TUSC WAT, 1986, CH2M TUSC WAT *USEPA, 1994, EPA811ZA94004 AIKEN GR, 1992, ORG GEOCHEM, V18, P567 AMY G, 1993, WATER ENVIRON RES, V65, P726 ANGLE JS, 1991, ACS SYM SER, V465, P290 ASANO T, 1993, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V27, P157 BOUWER H, 1974, J WATER POLLUT CONTR, V46, P844 BOUWER H, 1984, J WATER POLLUT CON F, V56, P76 CROOK J, 1999, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V91, P40 DAVIES D, 2000, THESIS U ARIZONA DING WH, 1996, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V354, P48 DORRANCE DW, 1991, ACS SYM SER, V465, P300 DREWES JE, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P241 EDZWALD JK, 1985, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V77, P122 FUJITA Y, 1996, WATER ENVIRON RES, V68, P867 HUBER SA, 1996, WASSER, V86, P277 HUCK PM, 1990, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V82, P78 IDELOVITCH E, 1984, J WATER POLLUT CON F, V56, P936 LEENHEER JA, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3869 LIGHT M, 1997, P 8 BIENN S ART RECH, P133 MALCOLM RL, 1989, HUMIC SUBSTANCES AQU, P9 MOGREN EM, 1990, THESIS U CINCINNATI MORRIS RD, 1992, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V82, P955 MURPHY D, 1997, THESIS U ARIZONA NAMOUR P, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P2224 NELLOR MH, 1984, HLTH EFFECTS STUDY F, V1 OLIVIERI AW, 1998, WASTEWATER RECLAMATI, P521 PONTIUS FW, 1998, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V90, P38 QUANRUD DM, IN PRESS WATER RES QUANRUD DM, 1996, J ENV ENG, V133, P314 QUAST K, 2001, P 10 BIENN S RECH GR ROOK JJ, 1974, WATER TREATMENT EXAM, V23, P34 SWAN SH, 1998, EPIDEMIOLOGY, V9, P126 WALLER K, 1998, EPIDEMIOLOGY, V9, P134 WILSON LG, 1995, WATER ENVIRON RES, V67, P371 NR 37 TC 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 37 IS 14 BP 3401 EP 3411 PG 11 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 701LH UT ISI:000184168700013 ER PT J AU Hongve, D TI Chemical stratigraphy of recent sediments from a depth gradient in a meromictic lake, Nordbytjernet, SE Norway, in relation to variable external loading and sedimentary fluxes SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deposition rate; lake sediments; meromixis; metals; porewater; sediment focusing; sedimentation ID WATER; MANGANESE; IRON; PHOSPHATE; RECORD AB Cores of recent sediments were sampled along a depth gradient in a 23 m deep kettle lake with stagnant deep waters containing exceptionally high concentrations of dissolved iron and manganese. Sediment cores were taken on two occasions, in 1978 and 1997, before and after an incidence of full circulation. The aims of this study are to see how oxic and anoxic conditions in the water column influence stratigraphy and sediment focusing and, to compare cores from 1979 and 1998 to see how measured element fluxes and external events are reflected in the chemical stratigraphy. Element analyses show characteristic stratigraphic patterns that depend on the ability to undergo redox transformations, sorptive properties and chemical equilibria in the anoxic deep waters and porewaters. In sediments from the oxic part of the lake Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn Cu, Cd, and Pb were well correlated. Positive correlations are seen between elements associated with primary production and sulphur. In the anoxic part of the lake most metals were positively correlated with carbonate. Phosphorus correlated positively with iron in sediments from oxic waters and negatively with manganese and iron deep-water sediments. Porewater analyses indicate that recycling from the deep-water sediments was negligible. The stratigraphy of lead agrees with the historic variation in atmospheric input and is used as a chronological marker. Assessed deposition rates agree with measurements in sediment traps. Most elements more than double their rates of deposition towards the deepest point of the lake, while sulphur, manganese and carbonate had maxima around the depth of the redoxcline in the water. Variations in the external loading and variable redox conditions in the deep waters explain variations in the chemical composition of recent sediments. C1 Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. RP Hongve, D, Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, POB 4404, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. CR BALISTRIERI LS, 1994, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V58, P3993 BALL JWD, 1987, 8750 US GEOL SURV, P1 BIRCH L, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P679 BOYLE J, 2001, J PALEOLIMNOL, V26, P423 CALLENDER E, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P424 DAVISON W, 1982, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V27, P987 GACHTER R, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P103 GOLTERMAN HL, 1969, METHODS CHEM ANAL FR GOLTERMAN HL, 1995, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V297, P43 HAKANSON L, 1983, PRINCIPLES LAKE SEDI HAMILTONTAYLOR J, 1985, ARCH HYDROBIOL S, V72, P135 HAMILTONTAYLOR J, 1996, AQUAT SCI, V58, P191 HESSLEIN RH, 1976, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V21, P912 HILTON J, 1986, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V31, P125 HONGVE D, 1975, NORW J BOT, V22, P83 HONGVE D, 1980, SCHWEIZERISCHE Z HYD, V42, P171 HONGVE D, 1994, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V277, P17 HONGVE D, 1997, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V42, P635 HONGVE D, 1999, NORD HYDROL, V30, P21 HONGVE D, 2002, NORD HYDROL, V53, P189 JORGENSEN P, 1990, NOR GEOL UNDERS B, V418, P19 JORGENSEN P, 1991, NGU B, V420, P57 KJENSMO J, 1968, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V65, P125 KLAVENESS D, 1977, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V56, P25 LIKENS GE, 1975, VERH INT VEREIN LIMN, V19, P982 MACKERETH FJH, 1966, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V250, P165 MUDROCH A, 1995, MANUAL AQUATIC SEDIM PETTICREW EL, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P2483 RENBERG I, 2001, HOLOCENE, V11, P511 ROGNERUD S, 2000, ENVIRON GEOL, V39, P723 ROWAN DJ, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P2490 SCHALLER T, 1997, AQUAT GEOCHEM, V2, P359 SCHALLER T, 1997, AQUAT SCI, V59, P326 TESSENOW U, 1975, ARCH HYDROBIOL S, V47, P325 TRACEY B, 1996, J PALEOLIMNOL, V15, P129 URBAN NR, 1997, AQUAT SCI, V59, P1 WIELAND E, 2001, AQUAT SCI, V63, P123 YULE JW, 1969, AT ABS NEWSL, V8, P30 NR 38 TC 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 75 EP 93 PG 19 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology GA 701ND UT ISI:000184172900005 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Chung, JB Jeong, BR Lee, YD Prasher, SO TI Electron affinity coefficients of nitrogen oxides and biodegradation kinetics in denitrification of contaminated stream water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; SOIL; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; FORMULATION; REDUCTION; SUBSTRATE AB During the dry season in Korea, rivers become more vulnerable to contamination by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nitrogen. It is hypothesized that the natural characteristics of the streams in Korea allow the contaminated water to be treated at the tributaries. Downstream river water quality in Korea may be improved by spraying the contaminated stream water from the tributaries over the surrounding floodplains. The consequent water filtration through the soil could remove the contaminants through aerobic and denitrifying reactions. In this study, the kinetics parameters of the denitrifying reaction in floodplain filtration were determined using contaminated stream water. For the electron donor the Monod kinetics was used, while the competitive Michaelis-Menten model was employed for the electron acceptors. The parameters to the competitive Michaelis-Menten model were found using continuous denitrifying reactions, instead of the batch reactions employed in previous studies, to match the conditions needed to apply the competitive Michaelis-Menten kinetics. From the result, it was found that continuous reactions as well as batch reactions could be used to determine the affinity coefficients in denitrification. The results of this study also showed that the affinity coefficient of NO2-, using continuous reactions, was similar to that of other studies in the literature found via batch reactions, whereas the affinity coefficient of N2O was much larger than that acquired with batch reactions. The parameters obtained in this study will be used in future work to simulate the contaminant behaviors during floodplain filtration using a mathematical model. C1 Yeungnam Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. Taegu Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Kyongsan 712714, South Korea. Taegu Univ, Dept Agron, Kyongsan 712714, South Korea. McGill Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. RP Kim, SH, Yeungnam Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. CR *AM PUBL HLTH ASS, 1998, STAND METH EX WAT WA *KOR WAT RES CORP, 1996, SURV REP ALL AQ KOR *METC EDD INC, 1979, WAST ENG TREATM DISP BROADBENT FE, 1965, AGRONOMY, V10, P344 BURFORD JR, 1973, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V5, P133 BURFORD JR, 1975, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V7, P389 CHO CM, 1979, CAN J SOIL SCI, V59, P249 CHO CM, 1982, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V46, P756 CHO CM, 1997, CAN J SOIL SCI, V77, P253 CHO CM, 1997, CAN J SOIL SCI, V77, P261 COLBOURN P, 1984, AUST J SOIL RES, V10, P183 COLLIN M, 1988, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V52, P1559 DENDOOVEN L, 1994, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V26, P361 DENDOOVEN L, 1995, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V27, P1261 DOUSSAN C, 1997, J CONTAM HYDROL, V25, P129 FOCHT DD, 1974, SOIL SCI, V118, P173 GASKELL JF, 1981, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V45, P1124 GRADY CP, 1980, BIOL WASTEWATER TREA JAGGER J, 1967, INTRO RES ULTRAVIOLE KIM S, 2002, THESIS YEUNGNAM U KY KREYSZIG E, 1999, ADV ENG MATH KWUN S, 1998, J KOREAN SOC ENV ENG, V20, P1497 LEFFELAAR PA, 1988, SOIL SCI, V146, P335 LINDSTROM FT, 1992, WATER RESOUR RES, V28, P2499 MONOD J, 1949, ANNU REV MICROBIOL, V3, P371 PATRICK WH, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1071 PIERZYNSKI GM, 1994, SOILS ENV MENTAL QUA RAMALHO RS, 1983, INTRO WASTEWATER TRE RILEY WJ, 2000, SOIL SCI, V165, P237 STANFORD G, 1975, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V39, P867 STARR JL, 1974, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V38, P283 STARR JL, 1976, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V40, P458 SUNDSTROM DW, 1979, WASTEWATER TREATMENT WIDDOWSON MA, 1988, WATER RESOUR RES, V24, P1533 NR 34 TC 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1474 EP 1480 PG 7 SC Environmental Sciences GA 700EN UT ISI:000184099800035 ER PT J AU Gooseff, MN McKnight, DM Runke, RL Vaughn, BH TI Determining long time-scale hyporheic zone flow paths in Antarctic streams SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE isotope transport; OTIS; dry valleys; hyporheic zone ID SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; TRANSIENT STORAGE; HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MOUNTAIN STREAM; RIVER BASIN; VALLEY; MODEL; EVAPORATION AB In the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, glaciers are the source of meltwater during the austral summer, and the streams and adjacent hyporheic zones constitute the entire physical watershed; there are no hillslope processes in these systems. Hyporheic zones can extend several metres from each side of the stream, and are up to 70 cm deep, corresponding to a lateral cross-section as large as 12 m(2), and water resides in the subsurface year around. In this study, we differentiate between the near-stream hyporheic zone, which can be characterized with stream tracer experiments, and the extended hyporheic zone, which has a longer time-scale of exchange. We sampled stream water from Green Creek and from the adjacent saturated alluvium for stable isotopes of D and O-18 to assess the significance and extent of stream-water exchange between the streams and extended hyporheic zones over long time-scales (days to weeks). Our results show that water residing in the extended hyporheic zone is much more isotopically enriched (up to 11parts per thousand D and 2-2parts per thousand O-18) than stream water. This result suggests a long residence time within the extended hyporheic zone, during which fractionation has occurred owing to summer evaporation and winter sublimation of hyporheic water. We found less enriched water in the extended hyporheic zone later in the flow season, suggesting that stream water may be exchanged into and out of this zone, on the time-scale of weeks to months. The transient storage model OTIS was used to characterize the exchange of stream water with the extended hyporheic zone. Model results yield exchange rates (a) generally an order magnitude lower (10(-5) s(-1)) than those determined using stream-tracer techniques on the same stream. In light of previous studies in these streams, these results suggest that the hyporheic zones in Antarctic streams have near-stream zones of rapid stream-water exchange, where 'fast' biogeochemical reactions may influence water chemistry, and extended hyporheic zones, in which slower biogeochemical reaction rates may affect stream-water chemistry at longer time-scales. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Gooseff, MN, Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. CR BENCALA KE, 1983, WATER RESOUR RES, V19, P718 BENCALA KE, 1984, WATER RESOUR RES, V20, P1804 BENCALA KE, 2000, HYDROL PROCESS, V14, P2797 BOMBLIES A, 1998, THESIS U COLORADO BO CASTRO NM, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P1613 CHINN TJH, 1993, ANTARCT RES SER, V59, P1 CHOI J, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P1511 CHOW VT, 1988, APPL HYDROLOGY CIRMO CP, 1997, J HYDROL, V199, P88 CLOW GD, 1988, J CLIMATE, V1, P715 CONOVITZ PA, 1998, ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS P, V73, P93 CONOVITZ PA, 2000, THESIS COLORADO STAT COOPER LW, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P2171 COOPER LW, 1993, ARCTIC ALPINE RES, V25, P247 CRAIG H, 1965, P C STABL IS OC STUD, P9 EPSTEIN S, 1959, J GEOL, V67, P88 GERMILLION P, 2000, HYDROLOGICAL PROCESS, V14, P1465 GIBSON JJ, 1998, HYDROL PROCESS, V12, P1779 GOOSEFF MN, WATER RESOURCES RES HARVEY JW, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P89 HARVEY JW, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P2441 HOOPER RP, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P1444 JOHNSON TM, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P187 KENDALL C, 1998, ISOTOPE TRACERS CATC, P51 KENNEDY VC, 1971, ADV CHEM SER, V106, P94 KENNEDY VC, 1986, J HYDROL, V84, P107 KRABBENHOFT DP, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P2445 LYONS WB, 1997, ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES, P147 MAULE CP, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P2959 MAURICE PA, 2002, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V66, P1335 MCDONNELL JJ, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P3065 MCKENNA SA, 1992, J HYDROL, V134, P203 MCKNIGHT DM, 1999, BIOSCIENCE, V49, P985 MCLEAN R, 1999, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V47, P239 MCNAMARA JP, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P1707 MULHOLLAND PJ, 1997, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V42, P443 MULLIN JB, 1955, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V12, P162 NEZAT CA, 2001, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V113, P1401 PILGRIM DH, 1979, WATER RESOUR RES, V15, P329 POETER EP, 1998, 984080 US GEOL SURV RUNKEL RL, 1998, 984018 US GEOL SURV RUNKEL RL, 1998, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V17, P143 RUNKEL RL, 2002, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V21, P529 SIMPSON HJ, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P1925 STEWART MK, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P2681 STOUT GE, 1967, GEOPHYS MONOGR, V11, P199 THACKSTON EL, 1970, J SANITARY ENGINEERI, V96, P319 THEAKSTONE WH, 1996, HYDROL PROCESS, V10, P523 TURNER JV, 1987, J HYDROL, V94, P143 VAUGHN BH, 1998, CHEM GEOL, V152, P309 VONGUERARD P, 1995, 94545 US GEOL SURV WELCH KA, 1996, J CHROMATOGR A, V739, P257 WHITE DS, 1993, J N AMER BENTHOL SOC, V12, P61 WONDZELL SM, 1996, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V15, P3 WOO MK, 1980, ARCTIC ALPINE RES, V12, P227 NR 55 TC 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 30 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1691 EP 1710 PG 20 SC Water Resources GA 697VT UT ISI:000183964500001 ER PT J AU Fukada, T Hiscock, KM Dennis, PF Grischek, T TI A dual isotope approach to identify denitrification in groundwater at a river-bank infiltration site SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE denitrification; nitrogen isotopes; oxygen isotopes; river infiltration; sand and gravel aquifer ID RIPARIAN ZONE; NATURAL DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE; NITROGEN; AQUIFER; WATER; OXYGEN; COLLECTION; DELTA-O-18; POLLUTION AB The identification of denitrification in the Torgau sand and gravel aquifer, Germany, was carried out by a dual isotope method of measuring both the delta(15)N and delta(18)O in NO3-. Samples were prepared by an anion exchange resin method (Silva et al., J. Hydrol. 228 (2000) 22) with a modification to the AgNO3-drying process from a freeze-drying to an oven-drying method. The occurrence of denitrification in the aquifer was confirmed by comparing the reduction of dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon and NO3- concentrations with the dual isotope signatures. High nitrate concentrations were associated with low delta(15)N and delta(18)O values, and vice versa. The denitrification accords with a Rayleigh equation with calculated enrichment factors of epsilon = -13.62parts per thousand for delta(15)N and epsilon = -9.80parts per thousand for delta(18)O. The slope of the straight-line relationship between the delta(15)N and delta(18)O data demonstrated that the enrichment of the heavy nitrogen isotope was higher by a factor of 1.3 compared with the heavy oxygen isotope. It is concluded that the identification of this factor is a useful means for confirming denitrification in future groundwater studies. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Dresden Univ Technol, Inst Water Chem, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RP Fukada, T, Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. CR AMBERGER A, 1987, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V51, P2699 ARAVENA R, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P975 BOTTCHER J, 1990, J HYDROL, V114, P413 CEY EE, 1999, J CONTAM HYDROL, V37, P45 CHANG CCY, 1999, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V56, P1856 CHAPELLE FH, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P359 DEVITO KJ, 2000, J ENVIRON QUAL, V29, P1075 FEAST NA, 1996, CHEM GEOL, V129, P167 GRISCHEK T, 1995, GEOMORPHOLOGY GROUND, P21 GRISCHEK T, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P450 HEATON THE, 1986, CHEM GEOL, V59, P87 HISCOCK KM, 2002, J HYDROL, V266, P139 HWANG HH, UNPUB DOC REMOVAL ME KENDALL C, 1998, ISOTOPE TRACERS CATC, P519 KENDALL C, 2000, ENV TRACERS SUBSURFA, P261 KOROM SF, 1992, WATER RESOUR RES, V28, P1657 KREITLER CW, 1975, GROUND WATER, V13, P53 KREITLER CW, 1979, J HYDROL, V42, P147 MARIOTTI A, 1988, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V52, P1869 MAYER B, 2001, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V65, P2743 MENGIS M, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P448 MENGIS M, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P1840 NESTLER W, 1998, 7 UFZ SILVA SR, 2000, J HYDROL, V228, P22 STARR RC, 1993, GROUND WATER, V31, P934 TRETTIN R, 1999, ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S, V35, P331 WASSENAAR LI, 1995, APPL GEOCHEM, V10, P391 NR 27 TC 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 37 IS 13 BP 3070 EP 3078 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 695PH UT ISI:000183839100003 ER PT J AU Schijven, JF de Bruin, HAM Hassanizadeh, SM Husman, AMD TI Bacteriophages and clostridium spores as indicator organisms for removal of pathogens by passage through saturated dune sand SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage; MS2; poliovirus; coxsackievirus; sand column; virus transport ID ENTERIC VIRUSES; POROUS-MEDIA; SOIL COLUMNS; WASTE-WATER; TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; FILTRATION; SURVIVAL; ENTEROVIRUSES; NETHERLANDS AB In a field study on the efficiency of dune recharge for drinking water production, bacteriophage MS2 was shown to be removed 8 log(10) by passage through the dune sand. The question of whether pathogenic viruses would be removed as much as MS2 was studied by comparing complete breakthrough curves of MS2 with those of the human viruses Coxsackievirus 134 (CB4) and Poliovirus 1 (PV 1) in laboratory columns. The columns were designed to closely simulate the field conditions: same sand, water, porewater velocity and temperature. Employing a two-site kinetic model to simulate breakthrough curves, attachment/detachment to two types of kinetic sites as well as inactivation of free and attached viruses were evaluated. It was found that attachment to only one of the sites is of significance for determining overall removal. At field scale, removal of the less negatively charged PV I was extrapolated to be about 30 times greater than that of MS2, but removal of CB4 would be only as much as that of MS2. Also, removal of spores of Clostridium perfringens D10, a potential surrogate for Cryptosporidium oocysts, was studied. The attachment rate coefficient of the spores was 7.5 times greater than that of MS2. However, this does not imply that the removal of the spores is 7.5 times greater than that of MS2. Due to negligible inactivation in combination with detachment of previously attached spores, the actual removal rate of the spores depends on the duration of contamination and eventually all spores will break through. Provided no irreversible attachment or physical straining occurs, this may also be the case for other persistent microorganisms, like oocysts of Cryptosporidium. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Microbiol Lab Hlth Protect, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Genet, Delft, Netherlands. RP Schijven, JF, Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Microbiol Lab Hlth Protect, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. CR *ISO INT ORG STAND, 2000, 107051 ISO INT ORG S *NEN, 1985, NEN6567 BALES RC, 1989, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V55, P2061 BALES RC, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P957 BRADFORD SM, 1993, WIENER MITTEILUNGEN, V12, P143 DEBORDE DC, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P2229 FARRAH SR, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P2502 FARRAH SR, 1993, WIENER MITTEILUNGEN, V12, P25 FUJITO BT, 1996, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V62, P3470 GERBA CP, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P940 GOYAL SM, 1979, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V38, P241 HERBOLDPASCHKE K, 1991, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V24, P301 JIN Y, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P548 KINOSHITA T, 1993, J CONTAM HYDROL, V14, P55 MACLER BA, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P47 MARTIN RE, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P1053 MATTHESS G, 1988, J CONTAM HYDROL, V2, P171 NASSER AM, 1993, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V27, P401 PENROD SL, 1996, LANGMUIR, V12, P5576 POWELSON DK, 1990, J ENVIRON QUAL, V19, P396 REDMAN JA, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P3378 REGLI S, 1991, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V83, P76 RIJNAARTS HHM, 1995, COLLOID SURFACE B, V4, P5 RYAN JN, 1996, COLLOID SURFACE A, V107, P1 SARTORY DP, 1998, LETT APPL MICROBIOL, V27, P323 SCHIJVEN JF, 1998, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V38, P127 SCHIJVEN JF, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V35, P1101 SCHIJVEN JF, 2000, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V30, P49 SCHIJVEN JF, 2000, J CONTAM HYDROL, V44, P301 SCHIJVEN JF, 2002, J CONTAM HYDROL, V57, P259 SOBSEY MD, 1980, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V40, P92 SOBSEY MD, 1995, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V31, P203 THEUNISSEN JJH, 1997, 289202013 NAT I PUB TISA LS, 1982, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V43, P1307 TORIDE N, 1995, 137 USDA VANOLPHEN M, 1984, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V47, P927 YAO KM, 1971, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V5, P1105 YATES MV, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V49, P778 NR 38 TC 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 37 IS 9 BP 2186 EP 2194 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 670RB UT ISI:000182421600023 ER PT J AU Marion, A Zaramella, M Packman, AI TI Parameter estimation of the transient storage model for stream-subsurface exchange SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE models; subsurface environment; solutes; hydraulic transients; streams ID BENTHIC OXYGEN-UPTAKE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; BED FORMS; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; NONSORBING SOLUTES; MOUNTAIN STREAM; WATER EXCHANGE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; CHANNEL AB The transient storage model (TSM) is the most commonly used model for stream-subsurface exchange of solutes. The TSM provides a convenient, simplified representation of hyporheic exchange, but its lack of a true physical basis causes its parameters to be difficult to predict. However, the simple formulation makes the model a useful practical tool for many applications. This work compares the TSM with a physically based pumping model. This comparison is advantageous for two reasons: Advective pumping is known to be an important hyporheic exchange process in many streams, and the pumping model can be used to derive dimensionless transient storage parameters that are properly scaled with important physical stream parameters. Transient storage model parameters are shown to be dependent on both the timescale of observation and the shape of the breakthrough curve, i.e., on the temporal evolution of the solute concentration in the surface water. This indicates that the transient storage model can, in practice, lead to incorrect predictions when model parameters are obtained without consideration of the stream flow dynamics, the properties of the stream bed, or the process timescale. This work emphasizes the limitations of simplified models for hyporheic transport, and indicates that such models need to be carefully applied. C1 Univ Padua, Dept Hydraul Maritime Environm & Geotech Engn, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Marion, A, Univ Padua, Dept Hydraul Maritime Environm & Geotech Engn, Via Loredon 20, I-35100 Padua, Italy. CR BENCALA KE, 1983, WATER RESOUR RES, V19, P718 BENCALA KE, 1984, WATER RESOUR RES, V20, P1804 CASTRO NM, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P1613 ELLIOTT AH, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P123 ELLIOTT AH, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P137 EYLERS H, 1995, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V46, P209 FEHLMAN HS, 1985, THESIS COLORADO STAT HART DR, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P323 HARVEY JW, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P89 HUTCHINSON PA, 1998, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V124, P419 JONES JB, 2000, STREAMS GROUND WATER LEES MJ, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P213 MARION A, 2002, IN PRESS WATER RESOU MULHOLLAND PJ, 1997, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V42, P443 OCONNOR DJ, 1988, J ENV ENG DIV P AM S, V114, P552 PACKMAN AI, 2000, STREAMS GROUND WATER, P45 PACKMAN AI, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P2351 PACKMAN AI, 2000, WATER RESOUR RES, V36, P2363 PACKMAN AI, 2001, WATER RESOUR RES, V37, P2591 RUNKEL RL, 1998, 984018 US GEOL SURV RUTHERFORD JC, 1993, WATER RES, V27, P1545 RUTHERFORD JC, 1995, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V121, P84 SAVANT SA, 1987, WATER RESOUR RES, V23, P1763 THIBODEAUX LJ, 1987, NATURE, V325, P341 TRISKA FJ, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1893 TRISKA FJ, 1990, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V47, P2099 TRISKA FJ, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V251, P167 VALLET HM, 1996, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V41, P333 WAGNER BJ, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P1731 WINTER TC, 1998, 1139 USGS WORMAN A, 1998, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V124, P122 WORMAN A, 2002, WATER RESOUR RES, V38 NR 32 TC 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2003 VL 129 IS 5 BP 456 EP 463 PG 8 SC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 668MJ UT ISI:000182297500010 ER PT J AU Chen, XH TI Analysis of pumping-induced stream-aquifer interactions for gaining streams SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE stream depletion; baseflow reduction; induced infiltration; groundwater pumping ID DEPLETION; INFILTRATION AB This paper presents analytical solutions that can be used to evaluate stream infiltration and baseflow reduction induced groundwater pumping in nearby aquifers. Critical time, infiltration reach, and travel times can also be calculated to determine the hydraulic connectivity between the well and the stream. The critical time indicates the earliest time of reversal of hydraulic gradient occurring along the stream-aquifer interface, the infiltration reach is the stream segment where stream water recharges the aquifer, and the shortest travel time for the stream water particle to get into a pumping well is along the meridian line. The transient features of the two stream depletion components, baseflow reduction and stream infiltration, are evaluated separately. The rate of baseflow reduction can be greater than the rate of stream infiltration for a stronger gaining stream. However, for a given distance between the stream and well, a higher pumping rate or a weaker gaining stream results in higher rate of stream infiltration, although the total depletion rate is the same for different pumping rates or varied hydraulic gradient of the baseflow. When a steady-state condition is assumed for a transient flow, the rate and volume of stream infiltration can be overestimated; this overestimation can be very significant in the early stage of pumping. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Chen, XH, Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Sch Nat Resource Sci, 113 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. CR *US BUR RECL, 1960, 657 US BUR RECL ANDERSON MP, 1992, APPL GROUNDWATER MOD CARNAHAN B, 1969, APPL NUMERICAL METHO CHEN HC, 1999, DECIS SUPPORT SYST, V27, P1 CHEN XH, 2001, J AM WATER RESOUR AS, V37, P185 FRANZETTI S, 1996, J HYDROL, V174, P149 GLOVER RE, 1954, AM GEOPHYSICAL UNION, V35, P168 GLOVER RE, 1974, TRANSIENT GROUND WAT HANTUSH MS, 1964, J GEOPHYS RES, V69, P2551 HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 HUANG H, 2000, THESIS U NEBRASKA LI HUNT B, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P98 JAVANDEL I, 1986, GROUND WATER, V24, P616 JENKINS CT, 1968, GROUND WATER, V6, P37 SOPHOCLEOUS M, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P579 THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 WALLACE R, 1999, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P1263 WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 NR 18 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 275 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 666EQ UT ISI:000182164300001 ER PT J AU Ciszewski, D TI Heavy metals in vertical profiles of the middle Odra River overbank sediments: Evidence for pollution changes SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; Odra River; pollution chronology; river accumulation; sediment ID FLOODPLAIN SEDIMENTS; KOLA-PENINSULA; CONTAMINATION; NETHERLANDS; RETENTION; BELGIUM; GERMANY; USA; PB; ZN AB Heavy metal concentrations were investigated in the overbank sediments in the middle reach of the regulated Odra River, in south-west Poland. Samples of sediments were taken in 20 vertical profiles to a depth of 70 cm at 1-20 cm intervals. Regulation and lateral stability of the river channel for over 150 years enabled to follow the decrease in depth of the Cu and Pb concentration peaks across the floodplain. These peaks were recognised at different depth of the particular profiles: at about 40 cm in the inter-groin infills several meters from a river bank, at 25 cm in the levee at the edge of the floodplain, at several cm in crevasse splays and depressions parallel to flood-protection embankments. These peaks are correlated with maximum Cu and Pb emission and discharge of the mine effluents polluted with heavy metals in the Legnica Copper District at about 1980. Moreover, in profiles localised close to river banks, there are two peaks of Zn concentrations. The upper peak was dated at about 1987 and seems to be associated with the changes in amount of effluents discharged to surface waters in the upper and middle Odra River catchment. The lower one was dated at the first half of the 1940s and can be related to changes in industrial potential and population density after World War II. Dates of sediment layers in different vertical profiles show that the highest rate of sediment accretion, 10-20 mm yr(-1), has occurred in the inter-groin infills. Much lower rate, 3-6 mm yr(-1), has typified the levee on the 3 m-high floodplain and the lowest one, up to 1-2 mm yr(-1), is found in crevasse splays on the flood plain. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nat Conservat, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland. RP Ciszewski, D, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nat Conservat, Al A Mickiewicza 33, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland. EM ciszewski@iop.krakow.pl CR *EPA, 1990, 3051 EPA BOJAKOWSKA I, 1998, PRZ GEOL, V46, P603 BOLVIKEN B, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V56, P141 BUBB JM, 1991, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V100, P207 DEVOS W, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V56, P91 FORSTNER U, 1983, METAL POLLUTION AQUA GRAF WL, 1991, CATENA, V18, P567 HELIOSRYBICKA E, 1995, HEAVY METALS PROBLEM, P271 HELIOSRYBICKA E, 1998, P INT C MAN TRANSB W, P453 HELIOSRYBICKA E, 1999, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V27, P331 HUDSONEDWARDS KA, 1998, EARTH SURF PROC LAND, V23, P671 JEZIERSKI A, 1997, HIST GOSPODARCZA POL KLIMEK K, 1999, FLUVIAL PROCESSES EN, P329 KNOX JC, 1987, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V77, P224 LANGEDAL M, 1998, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V101, P377 LEIGH DS, 1997, ENVIRON GEOL, V30, P244 LIS J, 1999, GEOCHEMICAL ATLAS LE MACKLIN MG, 1992, APPL GEOGR, V12, P7 MACKLIN MG, 1994, APPL GEOCHEM, V9, P689 MARRIOTT SB, 1996, FLOODPLAIN PROCESSES, P63 MASKALL J, 1996, APPL GEOCHEM, V12, P7 MATSCHULLAT J, 1997, APPL GEOCHEM, V12, P105 MICHALKIEWICZ S, 1985, HIST SLASKA 2, V3 MUSZYNSKI W, 1948, GOSP WODNA, V8, P127 NIEMIRYCZ E, 1999, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V27, P286 NISKAVAARA H, 1996, APPL GEOCHEM, V11, P25 PIESTRZYNSKI A, 1996, MONOGRAFIA KGHM PRZEWLOCKI J, 1992, OCHR SROD ZAS NAT, V4, P21 SWENNEN R, 1994, ENVIRON GEOL, V24, P12 SWENNEN R, 1998, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V65, P27 TAYLOR MP, 1996, CATENA, V28, P71 TURSKI R, 1986, GLEBOZNAWSTWO VOLDEN T, 1997, ENVIRON GEOL, V32, P175 WYZGA B, 1999, GEOMORPHOLOGY, V28, P281 ZWOLSMAN JJG, 1993, MAR CHEM, V44, P73 NR 35 TC 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLLUT JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 143 IS 1-4 BP 81 EP 98 PG 18 SC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 658VJ UT ISI:000181741000006 ER PT J AU Kim, SB Corapcioglu, MY TI Vertical transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocytes through sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts; riverbank filtration; pathogen; biocolloids; colloidal transport ID RIVER WATER; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; GROUNDWATER AQUIFER; LABORATORY COLUMN; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POROUS-MEDIUM; INFILTRATION; OOCYSTS; FILTRATION; BEHAVIOR AB A mathematical model is presented to describe the vertical transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts through sediments. C. parvum oocyst has a particle diameter of 4.5-5.5 mum and density of 1.025-1.070 g cm(-3), and so the gravitational sedimentation may play a role in the vertical transport of the oocysts. The settling velocity of the oocysts is calculated and on saturated porous media, was found to be between 2.2x10(-5) and 8.9x10(-5) cm sec The permeability of porous media may be altered due to the deposition of the oocysts on the solid matrix. In the simulation, the permeability change is determined with an equation from other researches. The model equations are used to simulate the experimental data of an ealier work by other authors, and the numerical results show a good fit with them. Simulation results show that when the oocyst suspension is injected continually, the relative permeability of sediments decreases since the volume of the oocysts, deposited on the solid matrix increases. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the profile of the relative permeability is very sensitive to the change of the irreversible deposition rate coefficient of the oocysts, k(ci). As k(ci) increases, the volume of the oocysts immobilized around the inlet boundary increases, resulting in the decrease of the relative permeability. 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Technol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1435 EP 1446 PG 12 SC Environmental Sciences GA 639NY UT ISI:000180637200011 ER PT J AU Westerhoff, P Mash, H TI Dissolved organic nitrogen in drinking water supplies: a review SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Review DE dissolved organic nitrogen; natural organic matter; organic carbon ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; PYROLYSIS-GC-MS; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; N-15 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER; ALPHA-AMINO-ACIDS; NATURAL-WATERS; SURFACE WATERS; THM PRECURSORS; TRIHALOMETHANE PRECURSORS AB Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is an issue for the water field primarily due to the formation of disinfection by-products of health concern and its potential role in membrane fouling This article reviews the following DON issues: (1) analytical measurement, (2) occurrence, (3) structural composition, and (4) treatability during potable water treatment. There is no direct measurement for DON, rather DON is calculated by the difference between total dissolved nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen ions. DON concentrations range from <0.1 to >10 mg N/l with a median value of similar to0.3 mg N/l in surface waters. DON sources include wastewater discharges, agricultural fertilizers, algae, forest litter and Soils. DON is comprised of a broad spectrum of molecular weight compounds encompassing multiple N-containing functional groups. Carbon to nitrogen ratios (C/N or DOC/DON) range between 5 and 100 mg C/mg N (median similar to15 mg C/mg N), and may be a good indicator of organic matter sources. During chlorination higher org-N content leads to (1) increasing chlorine demand, (2) production of di-HAA>tri-HAA (3) production of HAA>THM and (4) production of higher levels for halogenated (nitromethanes, HANs) and non-halogenated (NDMA) org-N DBPs. Information on DON removal during potable water treatment is lacking and should be a focus of future research. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Natl Ctr Sustainable Water Supply, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Westerhoff, P, Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Natl Ctr Sustainable Water Supply, Box 5306, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. 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Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PD DEC PY 2002 VL 51 IS 8 BP 415 EP 448 PG 34 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 636QB UT ISI:000180466600001 ER PT J AU Ying, GG Kookana, RS Ru, YJ TI Occurrence and fate of hormone steroids in the environment SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE steroids; sorption; degradation; endocrine disruptors; effluent; animal waste ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; POULTRY LITTER; WASTE-WATER; ESTROGENS; RUNOFF; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; EFFLUENT; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE AB Hormone steroids are a group of endocrine disruptors, which are excreted by humans and animals. In this paper, we briefly review the current knowledge on the fate of these steroids in the environment. Natural estrogenic steroids estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estriol (0) all have a solubility of approximately 13 mg/l, whereas synthetic steroids 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and mestranol (MeEE2) have a solubility of 4.8 and 0.3 mg/l, respectively. These steroids have a moderate binding on sediments and are reported to degrade rapidly in soil and water. Estrogenic steroids have been detected in effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in different countries at concentrations ranging up to 70 ng/l for El, 64 ng/l for E2, 18 ng/l for E3 and 42 ng/l for EE2. E2 concentrations in river waters from Japan, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands ranged up to 27 ng/l. In addition, E2 concentrations ranging from 6 to 66 ng/l have also been measured in mantled karst aquifers in northwest Arkansas. This contamination of ground water has been associated with poultry litter and cattle manure waste applied on the land. Although hormone steroids have been detected at a number of sources worldwide, currently, there is limited data on the environmental behaviour and fate of these hormone steroids in different environmental media. Consequently, the exposure and risk associated with these chemicals are not adequately understood. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 CSIRO, Land & Water, Adelaide Lab, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. SARDI, Livestock Syst, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Ying, GG, CSIRO, Land & Water, Adelaide Lab, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. 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Int. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 28 IS 6 BP 545 EP 551 PG 7 SC Environmental Sciences GA 623BM UT ISI:000179683300011 ER PT J AU van de Weerd, H van Riemsdijk, WH Leijnse, A TI Modeling transport of a mixture of natural organic molecules: Effects of dynamic competitive sorption from particle to aquifer scale SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NOM; natural organic matter; mixture; sorption; competition; transport ID REACTIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; CONTAMINATED SANDY SOIL; POROUS-MEDIA; IRON-OXIDE; IMMOBILE SORBENTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ADSORPTION; MATTER; CARBON; MOBILITY AB [1] Natural organic matter ( NOM) can act as a carrier for contaminants. Therefore it is of great importance to understand its adsorption/desorption and transport behavior. NOM is a mixture of molecules varying from simple small molecules like citric acid to complicated large molecules like humic acid. To simulate sorption and transport of NOM in aquifer material, we used a previously developed model ( NOMADS) describing the dynamic competitive sorption of NOM fractions. We calibrated NOMADS using independent batch adsorption data and incorporated it in a transport code. Sorption and transport of NOM in laboratory column experiments and a field experiment were well simulated using the calibrated model, indicating that the process descriptions used are valid over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales and mass-to-volume ratios. Simulation results provided insights into the influence of pore water velocity and NOM concentration history on the shape of breakthrough curves of NOM fractions. The heterogeneity of NOM appears to be essential to understanding its adsorption and transport behavior. C1 Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Subdept Water Resources, Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Subdept Soil Qual, NL-6700 EC Wageningen, Netherlands. Netherlands Inst Appl Geosci TNO, Geoenvironm Dept, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP van de Weerd, H, Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Aquat Ecol & Water Qual Management Grp, POB 8080, NL-6700 DD Wageningen, Netherlands. CR ABDUL AS, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P328 CHAMP DR, 1984, WATER POLLUT RES J C, V19, P35 DUNNIVANT FM, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P360 DUNNIVANT FM, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P437 FILIUS JD, 2000, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V64, P51 GU B, 1995, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V59, P219 GU BH, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P38 GU BH, 1996, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V60, P1943 JARDINE PM, 1989, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V53, P1378 JARDINE PM, 1989, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V53, P317 JARDINE PM, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P393 KNABNER P, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1611 KUKKONEN J, 1990, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V19, P551 MAGEE BR, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P323 MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P667 MCCARTHY JF, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1223 OCHS M, 1994, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V58, P639 ROMKENS PFAM, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P363 SPOSITO G, 1984, SURFACE CHEM SOILS STEVENSON FJ, 1982, HUMUS CHEM GENESIS C STUART MAC, 1980, J POLYM SCI POL PHYS, V18, P559 TEMMINGHOFF EJM, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P1109 TEMMINGHOFF EJM, 1998, EUR J SOIL SCI, V49, P617 TIPPING E, 1981, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V45, P191 TOTSCHE KU, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1623 TOTSCHE KU, 1997, J ENVIRON QUAL, V26, P1090 VANDEWEERD H, 1991, 725502004 NAT I PUBL VANDEWEERD H, 1997, J CONTAM HYDROL, V26, P245 VANDEWEERD H, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V32, P313 VANDEWEERD H, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P1675 VANRIEMSDIJK WH, 1986, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V109, P219 WAN JM, 1994, WATER RESOUR RES, V30, P857 WANG L, 1997, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V61, P5324 YEH TCJ, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P2141 NR 34 TC 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 27 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 8 AR 1158 PG 19 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 622JR UT ISI:000179644400004 ER PT J AU DiGiorgio, CL Gonzalez, DA Huitt, CC TI Cryptosporidium and Giardia recoveries in natural waters by using environmental protection agency method 1623 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Relatively few studies have examined recoveries from source waters by using Environmental Protection Agency method 1623 with organism spike doses that are environmentally realistic and at turbidity levels commonly found in surface waters. In this study, we evaluated the filtration capacities and recovery efficiencies of the Gelman Envirochek (standard filter) and the Gelman Envirochek high-volume (HV) sampling capsules under environmental conditions. We also examined the performance of method 1623 under ambient conditions with matrix spike experiments using 10 organisms/liter. Under turbid conditions, the HV capsule filtered approximately twice the volume filtered by the standard filter, but neither could filter 10 liters without clogging. In low-turbidity waters, oocyst, but not cyst, recoveries were significantly higher when the RV capsule was used. In turbid waters, organism recoveries were lower than those in nonturbid waters and were not significantly different for the different filters. When the HV capsule was used, Cryptosporidium recoveries ranged from 36 to 75%, and Giardia recoveries ranged from 0.5 to 53%. For both organisms, recoveries varied significantly by site. Turbidity could explain variation in Giardia recoveries (r(2) = 0.80) but not variation in Cryptosporidium recoveries (r(2) = 0.16). The inconsistent recoveries across sites suggested that the background matrix of the ambient water affected recovery by method 1623. A control sample collected at the height of the winter rainy season detected one organism, highlighting the difficulty of using this method to accurately measure pathogen abundance under natural conditions. Our findings support the use of the HV filter under field conditions but suggest that designing a cost-effective and statistically valid monitoring program to evaluate sources and loads of protozoan pathogens may be difficult. C1 State Calif Dept Water Resources, Municipal Water Qual Invest Unit, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Dept Water Resources State Calif, Water Qual Assessment Field Support Unit, W Sacramento, CA 95605 USA. RP DiGiorgio, CL, State Calif Dept Water Resources, Municipal Water Qual Invest Unit, POB 942836,901 P St, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. CR *FED REG, 2001, FED REGISTER, V66, P45811 *US EPA, 1999, 821R99006 EPA *US EPA, 2001, 815R01003 EPA *US EPA, 2001, 821R01025 EPA *US EPA, 2001, 821R01028 EPA *US EPA, 2001, 841R00002 EPA ALLEN MJ, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P64 BUKHARI Z, 1998, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V64, P4495 CONNELL K, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P30 HSU BM, 2000, J ENVIRON QUAL, V29, P1587 LECHEVALLIER MW, 2000, P 2000 WAT QUAL TREA NR 11 TC 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 68 IS 12 BP 5952 EP 5955 PG 4 SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 619WP UT ISI:000179500700019 ER PT J AU Jusoh, AB Noor, MJMM Piow, SB TI Model studies on granular activated carbon adsorption in fixed bed filtration SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adsorption model; Adams-Bohart model; Clark model; fixed bed filtration; granular activated carbon ID REMOVAL; WASTE AB The removal of natural organic matter (NOM) using a continuous flow fixed bed granular activated carbon (GAC) column was studied and the results were then fitted with the Adams-Bohart, Bed-Depth-Service-Time and Clarks models. The GAC, KI-6070 and KI-8085 used in the study had external surface areas of 277 m(2)/g and 547 m(2)/g, respectively. Adsorption of NOM by the GAC was complex and involved more than one rate-limiting step. The critical bed depths for KI-6070 and KI-8085 were 0.24 m and 0.3 m, respectively. The Clark model was more effective in simulating the absorbent breakthrough process as compared to the Adams-Bohart model. The lower empty bed contact time (EBCT) i.e. 15 minutes gave a better fit to the Clark Model as compared to EBCT of 20 and 30 minutes. C1 Kolej Univ Sains & Teknol Malaysia, KUSTEM, Fac Sci & Technol, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia. Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. RP Jusoh, AB, Kolej Univ Sains & Teknol Malaysia, KUSTEM, Fac Sci & Technol, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia. CR *APHA AWWA WWA WEF, 1995, STAND METH EX WAT WA AIKEN G, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P36 BRASQUET C, 1997, WAT SCI TECH, V34, P215 CHEREMISINOFF NP, 1993, CARBON ADSORPTION PO CLARK RM, 1989, GRANULAR ACTIVATED C, P235 COONEY DO, 1994, AICHE J, V40, P361 ECKENFELDER WW, 1989, IND WASTE POLLUTION GUIBAL E, 1995, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V16, P101 JANSONCHARRIER M, 1997, WAT SCI TECH, V34, P169 LAMBERT SD, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P2421 LEE CK, 1989, ENVIRON TECHNOL LETT, V10, P395 LYKINS BW, 1989, ORGANIC REMOVAL GRAN, P133 SEIDEL AE, 1984, CHEM ENG SCI, V40, P215 SRIVASTAVA SK, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P483 SRIVASTAVA SK, 1997, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V123, P461 SUMMERS RS, 1984, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V110, P73 SUMMERS RS, 1988, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V122, P367 TAN WT, 1993, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V14, P277 WOO HK, 1997, WAT SCI TECH, V35, P147 NR 19 TC 1 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 BP 127 EP 135 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 617QP UT ISI:000179372600017 ER PT J AU Kim, SB Corapcioglu, MY TI Contaminant transport in dual-porosity media with dissolved organic matter and bacteria present as mobile colloids SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE riverbank filtration; dual-porosity media; mobile-immobile region; colloid-facilitated transport; colloids ID POROUS-MEDIA; THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; AQUIFER; MODEL; SOIL; HYDROCARBONS; BREAKTHROUGH AB In riverbank filtration, contaminant transport is affected by colloidal particles such as dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bacterial particles. In addition, the subsurface heterogeneity influences the behavior of contaminant transport in riverbank filtration. A mathematical model is developed to describe the contaminant transport in dual-porosity media in the presence of DOM and bacteria as mobile colloids. In the model development, a porous medium is divided into the mobile and immobile regions to consider the presence of ineffective micropores in physically heterogeneous riverbanks. We assume that the contaminant transport in the mobile region is controlled by the advection and dispersion while the contaminant transport in the immobile region occurs due to the molecular diffusion. The contaminant transfer between the mobile and immobile regions takes place by diffusive mass transfer. The mobile region is conceptualized as a four-phase system: two mobile colloidal phases, an aqueous phase, and a solid matrix. The complete set of governing equations is solved numerically with a fully implicit finite difference method. The model results show that in riverbank filtration, the contaminant can migrate further than expected due to the presence of DOM and bacteria. In addition, the contaminant mobility increases further in the presence of the immobile region in aquifers. A sensitivity analysis shows that in dual-porosity media, earlier breakthrough of the contaminant takes place as the volumetric fraction of the mobile region decreases. It is also demonstrated that as the contaminant mass transfer rate coefficient between the mobile and immobile regions increases, the contaminant concentration gradient between the two regions reverses at earlier pore volumes. The contaminant mass transfer coefficient between the mobile and immobile regions mainly controls the tailing effect of the contaminant breakthrough. The contaminant breakthrough curves are sensitive to changes in contaminant adsorption and desorption rate coefficients on DOM and bacteria. In situations where the contaminant is released in the presence of DOM and bacteria in dual-porosity media, the early breakthrough and tailing occur due to the colloidal facilitation and presence of immobile regions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kim, SB, Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. 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Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3-4 BP 267 EP 289 PG 23 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 616PW UT ISI:000179313000006 ER PT J AU Bolto, B Dixon, D Eldridge, R King, S Linge, K TI Removal of natural organic matter by ion exchange SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE natural organic matter; NOM; anion exchange; humic substances; size exclusion; NOM fractions ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; WATER; COAGULATION; EXPERIENCES; RESINS AB Ion exchange is an effective method for removing humic substances from drinking water supplies. We have explored a range of anion exchangers for removal of natural organic matter (NOM), both as isolated from surface waters and after fractionation into four fractions based on hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. Resins of open structure and high water content are confirmed as the better performers, being very efficient at removal of any charged material, especially that of smaller molecular size. Quaternary ammonium resins. containing polar groups are especially effective. The presence of a neighbouring OH group close to the quaternary nitrogen, heteroatoms in the bridge between the exchange site and the polymer backbone, a secondary amino group as the exchange site, or a low ratio of carbon to quaternary nitrogen is beneficial. A suitable balance of polar and non-polar regions in the resin structure appears to be required. Weakly basic amino groups may have a greater affinity for hydrophilic counter ions than quaternary ammonium groups, but generally there are fewer charged sites in the resin at neutral pH. Nevertheless, weak base resins have NOM uptakes nearly as high as strong base resins of similar water content. Water content was found to be the most important parameter, though the effect was less pronounced for strong base resins. For weak base resins of low charge density a non-electrostatic mechanism involving hydrogen bonding of the undissociated acidic species in the NOM to the unprotonated amino groups on the resins is proposed. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIRO, Mol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. RP Bolto, B, CSIRO, Mol Sci, Bag 10, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. 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PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 20 BP 5057 EP 5065 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 612TL UT ISI:000179091500014 ER PT J AU Tufenkji, N Ryan, JN Elimelech, M TI The promise of bank filtration SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER; RIVER WATER; ORGANIC-MATTER; INFILTRATION; AQUIFER; BEHAVIOR; QUALITY; SWITZERLAND; MIGRATION; TRANSPORT C1 Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tufenkji, N, Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. CR NATL PRIMARY DRINKIN 2000, FED REG, V65, P83015 BATTIN TJ, 1999, MICROBIAL ECOL, V37, P185 BAVEYE P, 1998, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V28, P123 BIZE J, 1981, TECH SCI MUNICIP JUL, P393 BOURG A, 1992, COURANTS, V14, P32 BOURG ACM, 1989, GEODERMA, V44, P229 BOURG ACM, 1992, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V13, P695 BOURG ACM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P661 BRUNKE M, 1999, INT REV HYDROBIOL, V84, P99 DARMENDRAIL D, 1988, HYDROGEOLOGIE, V3, P187 DOUSSAN C, 1995, HOUILLE BLANCHE, V50, P16 DOUSSAN C, 1998, J ENVIRON QUAL, V27, P1418 DUNNBIER U, 1997, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V6, P753 ELIMELECH M, 1995, PARTICLE DEPOSITION GERLACH M, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P231 GIBERT J, 1997, GROUND WATER SURFACE GOLLNITZ WD, 1997, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V89, P84 GRASS B, 2000, PEST MANAG SCI, V56, P49 HAVELAAR AH, 1995, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V31, P55 HEBERER T, 1997, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V6, P438 HEBERER T, 2001, WATER RESOUR UPD SEP, P4 HORNBERGER G, 1998, ELEMENTS PHYSICAL HY JACOBS LA, 1988, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V52, P2693 JUTTNER F, 1995, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V31, P211 JUTTNER F, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P123 KUEHN W, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P60 LOVELAND JP, 1996, COLLOID SURFACE A, V107, P205 LUDWIG U, 1997, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V25, P145 MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P667 MEDEMA GJ, 2000, P INT RIV FILTR C, P161 MIETTINEN IT, 1997, CAN J MICROBIOL, V43, P1126 PIET GJ, 1980, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V72, P400 ROSENSHEIN JS, 1988, HYDROGEOLOGY GEOLOGY RYAN JN, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P63 SCHAFER DC, 2000, P INT RIV FILTR C, P259 SCHIJVEN JE, BANK FILTRATION WATE SCHUBERT J, 2000, P INT RIV FILTR C, P41 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P472 SONTHEIMER H, 1980, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V72, P386 STUYFZAND PJ, 1989, J HYDROL, V106, P341 VANEK V, 1997, GROUNDWATER SURFACE, P151 VERSTRAETEN IM, 1999, J ENVIRON QUAL, V28, P1396 VONGUNTEN HR, 1986, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V29, P333 VONGUNTEN HR, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P3597 VONGUNTEN U, 1993, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V57, P3895 YAO KM, 1971, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V5, P1105 NR 47 TC 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 21 BP 422A EP 428A PG 7 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 611ED UT ISI:000179002700017 ER PT J AU Zhang, XG Minear, RA TI Characterization of high molecular weight disinfection byproducts resulting from chlorination of aquatic humic substances SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRINKING-WATER; BY-PRODUCTS AB Aquatic humic substances react-with chlorine to produce numerous disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during chlorination of drinking water. Although low molecular weight (MW) chlorinated DBPs have been intensively studied over the past several decades, relatively little is known about high MW chlorinated DBPs (above 500 Da) that may, be associated with adverse health implications. In this work; carrier-free radioactive Cl-36 was introduced into a Suwannee River fulvic acid sample to label the chlorine-containing DBPs. By combining the fractionation techniques of ultrafiltration (UF) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with the detection of Cl-36, UV, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the high MW region in the SEC-Cl-36 profiles of the chlorinated, sample with and without UF was defined. SEC-UV and, SEC-DOC profiles were found to be approximately indicative of SEC-Cl-36 profiles for the high M region: The MW distribution shows that the high MW chlorinated DBPs were highly,dispersed with an average MW around 2000 Da based on calibration with polystyrene sulfonate standards. The Cl/C atomic ratios of the high MW DBPs were roughly constant (0.025), which is much lower than those of the common known chlorinated DBPS. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Minear, RA, Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CR *APHA AWWA WEF, 1995, STAND METH EX WAT WA, P436 *INT LIF SCI I HLT, 1995, DIS PROD DRINK WAT C ANDREWS RC, 1996, DISINFECTION BY PROD, P17 CHIN YP, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1853 FAWELL J, 1997, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V105, P108 FRIMMEL FH, 2000, NATURAL ORGANIC MATT, P84 GHANBARI HA, 1983, WATER CHLORINATION E, V4, P543 KHIARI D, 1996, P AWWA WAT QUAL TECH KOPFLER FC, 1984, WATER CHLORINATION C, V5, P161 LARSON RA, 1994, REACTION MECH ENV OR LI CW, 1998, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V90, P88 PELEKANI C, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2807 PERMINOVA IV, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P872 RICHARDSON SD, 1998, ENCY ENV ANAL REMEDI, P1398 RICHARDSON SD, 2002, J ENVIRON MONITOR, V4, P1 SINGER PC, 1989, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V81, P61 SPECHT CH, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P2361 WAGONER DB, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P937 WEINBERG H, 1999, ANAL CHEM, V71, A801 WERSHAW RL, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI YAU WW, 1979, MODERN SIZE EXCLUSIO ZHANG X, 2000, NATURAL ORGANIC MATT, P299 ZHANG X, 2001, P WAT QUAL TECHN C ZHOU QH, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P3505 NR 24 TC 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 19 BP 4033 EP 4038 PG 6 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 599TT UT ISI:000178351800018 ER PT J AU Heberer, T Reddersen, K Mechlinski, A TI From municipal sewage to drinking water: fate and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment in urban areas SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contamination; drinking water; groundwater; pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs); sewage effluents; surface water ID DRUGS; SURFACE AB Recently, the occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the aquatic environment was recognized as one of the emerging issues in environmental chemistry and as a matter of public concern Residues of PhACs have been found as contaminants in sewage, surface, and ground- and drinking water samples Since June 2000, a new long-term monitoring program of sewage, surface, ground- and drinking water has been carried out in Berlin, Germany Samples, collected periodically from selected sites in the Berlin area, are investigated for residues of PhACs and related contaminants The purpose of this monitoring is to investigate these compounds over a long time period to get more reliable data on their occurrence and fate in the different aquatic compartments Moreover, the surface water investigations allow the calculation of season-dependent contaminant loads in the Berlin waters In the course of the monitoring program, PhACs and some other polar compounds were detected at concentrations up to the mug/L-level in all compartments of the Berlin water cycle The monitoring is accompanied and supported by several other investigations such as laboratory column experiments and studies on bank filtration and drinking water treatment using conventional or membrane filtration techniques. C1 Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Food Chem, D-13355 Berlin, Germany. RP Heberer, T, Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Food Chem, Sekr TIB 4-3-1,Gustav Meyer Allee 25, D-13355 Berlin, Germany. CR *SENS SEN STADT UM, 1999, ABW BER *SENS SEN STADTW U, 1997, BERL DIG ENV ATL *SENST SEN STADT U, 1983, TELT WASS WASS SANS BUSER HR, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3449 DAUGHTON CG, 1999, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S6, V107, P907 DREWES J, 2001, IN PRESS WATER RES U HALLINGSORENSEN B, 1998, CHEMOSPHERE, V36, P357 HARTIG C, 1999, J CHROMATOGR A, V854, P163 HEBERER T, IN PRESS J HYDROL HEBERER T, 1996, VOM WASSER, V86, P19 HEBERER T, 1997, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V6, P438 HEBERER T, 1997, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V67, P113 HEBERER T, 1998, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V26, P272 HEBERER T, 1998, WASSER BODEN, V50, P20 HEBERER T, 2001, IN PRESS WATER RES U HEBERER T, 2001, UNPUB ACTA HYDROCHIM MOHLE E, 1999, VOM WASSER, V92, P207 REDDERSEN K, UNPUB CHEMOSPHERE SCHEYTT T, 2001, UNPUB INT HYDROGEOLO STAN HJ, 1992, VOM WASSER, V79, P75 STAN HJ, 1994, VOM WASSER, V83, P57 STAN HJ, 1997, DOSSIER WATER ANAL A, V25, M20 TERNES TA, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P3245 NR 23 TC 25 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 593ZZ UT ISI:000178025500011 ER PT J AU Hiscock, KM Grischek, T TI Attenuation of groundwater pollution by bank filtration SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bank filtration; colmation layer; alluvial aquifer; organic contaminents; biodegradation ID RIVER WATER; INFILTRATION; AQUIFER AB Bank filtration, either natural or induced through the river bed by pumping from a system of connected lateral or vertical wells, provides a means of obtaining public water supplies. The success of such schemes is dependent on the microbial activity and chemical transformations that are commonly enhanced in the colmation layer within the river bed compared to those that take place in surface or ground waters. The actual biogeochemical interactions that sustain the quality of the pumped bank filtrate depend on numerous factors including aquifer mineralogy, shape of the aquifer, oxygen and nitrate concentrations in the surface water, types of organic matter in the surface and ground water environments, and land use in the local catchment area. This paper provides an introduction to a series of nine papers contained in this Special Issue that highlight these factors and finishes with a list of recommendations for co-ordinated research into attenuation of groundwater pollution by bank filtration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Dresden Univ Technol, Inst Water Chem, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RP Hiscock, KM, Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. CR *US EPA, 2001, NAT PRIM DRINK WAT R, P217 BERTIN C, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P794 DILLON PJ, 2002, J HYDROL DOUSSAN C, 1997, J CONTAM HYDROL, V25, P129 GRISCHEK T, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P450 HEBERER T, 2002, J HYDROL HISCOCK KM, 2002, SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWA, V193 JULICH W, 2000, P INT RIV FILTR C 2, V4 KIM SB, 2002, J HYDROL RAY C, 2002, IN PRESS BANK FILTRA RAY C, 2002, J HYDROL RAY C, 2002, NATO ARW RIVERBANK F SCHUBERT J, 2002, J HYDROL SEAR DA, 1999, HYDROL PROCESS, V13 SHEETS RA, 2002, J HYDROL SOLLEY WB, 1998, 1200 US GEOL VERSTRAETEN IM, 2002, J HYDROL WETT B, 2002, J HYDROL WORCH E, 2002, J HYDROL YOUNGER PL, 1995, MODELLING RIVER AQUI NR 20 TC 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 266 IS 3-4 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 595LH UT ISI:000178110400001 ER PT J AU Schubert, J TI Hydraulic aspects of riverbank filtration - field studies SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE riverbank filtration; river-aquifer interactions; riverbed clogging; monitoring concepts; field studies AB The Dusseldorf waterworks have been using riverbank filtration since 1870 with bank filtration as the most important source for public water supply in this densely populated and industrialised region. There have been many threats to this supply in the last few decades-e.g. poor river water quality, heavy clogging of the riverbed, accidental pollution-which had to be overcome. First field studies in the river Rhine were carried out with a diving cabin in 1953 and 1954 to investigate riverbed clogging during high loads of organic contaminants in the river water. In 1987 a second investigation of the riverbed followed in the same area during which time the water quality of the river had improved. After the Sandoz accident in 1986 a joint research project was carried out in the Lower Rhine region to improve knowledge of flow and transport phenomena of riverbank filtration and to develop numerical models for the dynamic simulation of flow and transport. The main objective of the field studies was to gain more insight into the dynamic river-aquifer interactions and the effects of fluctuating river levels. These fluctuations are not only relevant for clogging processes and the velocities and residence times in the subsoil, but can also affect the quality of the well water. Depth-orientated sampling in the adjacent aquifer was employed. One important finding was a marked age-stratification of the bank-filtered water which balances out fluctuating concentrations of dissolved compounds in the river water. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stadtwerke Dusseldorf AG, D-40233 Dusseldorf, Germany. RP Schubert, J, Stadtwerke Dusseldorf AG, Noherweg 100, D-40233 Dusseldorf, Germany. CR *BUND VERK ABT BIN, 1987, UNT ABFL GESCH RHEIN BREITLING V, 1999, HYDROLOGIE WASSERWIR, V43, P17 ECKERT P, 2001, P INT RIV FILTR C DU, P103 FRIEGE H, 2001, P INT RIV FILTR C DU, P13 GIEBEL H, 1990, 54 BUND GEW GOLZ E, 1991, GAS WASSERFACH, V132, P69 GOTTHARDT J, 2001, P INT RIV FILTR C DU, P251 MEDEMA GJ, 2001, P INT RIV FILTR C DU, P161 SCHUBERT J, 1984, ARW JAHRESBERICHT, V41, P191 SCHUBERT J, 1993, 19 IWSA C BUD 1993 SCHUBERT J, 1996, MON TAIL MAD 2 P NUN, P467 UBELL K, 1987, DTSCH GEWASSERKUNDLI, V31, P119 UBELL K, 1987, DTSCH GEWASSERKUNDLI, V31, P142 VANRIESEN S, 1975, THESIS U KARLSRUHE NR 14 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 266 IS 3-4 BP 145 EP 161 PG 17 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 595LH UT ISI:000178110400002 ER PT J AU Sheets, RA Darner, RA Whitteberry, BL TI Lag times of bank filtration at a well field, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bank filtration; specific conductance; temperature; statistical analysis; traveltime ID GROUND-WATER; RIVER WATER; INFILTRATION; TRANSPORT; AQUIFER AB Wells placed next to surface-water bodies to induce infiltration have come under scrutiny because of the presence of the potential pathogens in surface water. Removal of pathogens and other contaminants by bank filtration is assumed, but regulatory agencies question the effectiveness of this process. To investigate transport processes of biological constituents, advective groundwater traveltimes to production wells under the influence of surface water need to be established first to determine appropriate water-quality sampling schedules. This paper presents the results of a study of bank filtration at a well field in southwestern Ohio. Field parameters such as water level, specific conductance, and water temperature were measured at least hourly at a streamflow gaging station and at five monitoring wells each at two separate sites, corresponding to two nearby production wells. Water-quality samples also were collected in all wells and the streamflow gaging station. Specific conductance is directly related to concentration of chloride, a chemically conservative constituent. Cross-correlation methods were used to determine the average traveltime from the river to the monitoring wells. Traveltimes based on specific conductance ranged from approximately 20 h to 10 days at one site and 5 days to 3 months at the other site. Calculated groundwater flow velocities ranged from 2.1 x 10(-3) to 6.0 x 10(-3) cm/s and 3.5 x 10(-4) to 7.1 x 10(-4) cm/s at the two sites. Data collected when a production well is continuously pumping reveal shorter and more consistent traveltimes than when the same well is pumped intermittently. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. Cincinnati Water Works, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. RP Sheets, RA, US Geol Survey, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. CR 1998, FED REG, V63, P69477 BOURG ACM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P661 BROCKLEBANK JC, 1986, TIME SERIES SAS I IN DOVE GD, 1961, 4 OH DIV WAT TECHN GERBA CP, 1991, MODELING ENV FATE MI, P77 GOLLNITZ WD, 2000, 45 ANN MIDW GROUND W, P9 GRISCHEK T, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P450 HAM JD, 1985, 2254 US GEOL SURV HARVEY RW, 1997, MANUAL ENV MICROBIOL, P586 LEE DR, 1977, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V22, P140 MACLER BA, 1995, GROUND WATER MONIT R, V15, P77 MCDOWELLBOYER LM, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P1901 METGE DW, 2000, EOS T AM GEOPHYSICAL, V81 SHEETS RA, 2000, 4K ANN MIDW GROUND W, P11 SHINOHARA Y, 2000, REC RES DEV BIOENE 1, V1, P1 SMITH RC, 1962, CINCINNATI WATER WOR SUN K, 2000, GEOLOGICAL SOC AM AB, V37, A432 VERSTRAETEN IM, 1999, J ENVIRON QUAL, V28, P1396 WALLING DE, 1980, J HYDROL, V47, P129 WALTON WC, 1967, MINN WATER RESOUR RE, V6 WRIGHT PR, 1994, GROUND WATER MGMT, V18, P611 NR 21 TC 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 266 IS 3-4 BP 162 EP 174 PG 13 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 595LH UT ISI:000178110400003 ER PT J AU Dillon, PJ Miller, M Fallowfield, H Hutson, J TI The potential of riverbank filtration for drinking water supplies in relation to microsystin removal in brackish aquifers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE microsystin; backish aquifers; drinking water supplies ID INFILTRATION; ADSORPTION AB in semi-arid areas, pumping town water supplies from alluvium adjacent a stream rather than the stream itself has been used to reduce turbidity and has potential to remove blue-green algal toxins, such as microsystin. However for some rivers, such as the River Murray in South Eastern Australia, the ambient groundwater of unconfined aquifers skirting some reaches of the river is saline. This paper examines the compatibility of two constraints on the quality of water recovered from bank filtration schemes; that (1) removal of cyanobacterial toxins is adequate and (2) salinity is acceptable for drinking water supplies. Adsorption and biodegradation characteristics of a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin, microsystin, in porous media were quantified and these results are summarised in the current analysis. It was found that riverbank filtration schemes could meet both criteria in a limited range of conditions, excluding locations where saline groundwater discharges to a river. However, on a river meander that had been flushed due to a hydraulic gradient induced by a lock, several feasible positions for bank filtration wells were compared and a best location meeting salinity and microsystin criteria with least-energy pumping cost was identified. The simple approach developed is intended to be used to assess feasibility of alternative designs for bank filtration schemes in semiarid areas before commencing field studies. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIRO Land & Water, Water Reclamat Res Grp, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Flinders Univ S Australia, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Environm Hlth, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Phys Chem & Earth Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Dillon, PJ, CSIRO Land & Water, Water Reclamat Res Grp, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. CR *NAT WAT RES I, 1999, INT RIV FILTR C LOUI GLOVER RE, 1954, EOS T AGU, V35, P468 GLOVER RE, 1974, TRANSIENT GROUND WAT HANTUSH MS, 1959, J GEOPHYS RES, V64, P1921 HANTUSH MS, 1964, J GEOPHYS RES, V69, P4221 HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 HRUDEY S, 1999, REMEDIAL MEASURES TO, P275 JENKINS CT, 1968, GROUND WATER, V6, P37 KAZMAN RG, 1947, T AM SOC CIVIL ENG, P404 KUIPERGOODMAN T, 1999, HUMAN HLTH ASPECTS T, P113 LAHTI K, 1998, ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE, P211 MCGRATH D, 1996, IRISH J AGR FOOD RES, V35, P55 MIETTINEN IT, 1994, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V30, P179 MILLER M, 2000, THESIS FLINDERS U S MILLER MJ, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P1461 OLIVER YM, 1996, 63 CTR GROUNDW RHEBERGEN W, 1999, 90 CTR GROUNDW RORABAUGH MI, 1948, AM GEOPHYSICAL UNION, V29, P85 RORABAUGH MI, 1956, 1360B US GEOL SURV, P68 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P11 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P472 SHARP JM, 1977, J HYDROL, V35, P31 SONTHEIMER H, 1980, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V72, P386 SPIRIDONOFF SV, 1963, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, P689 THEIS CV, 1935, T AM GEOPHYS UNION, V16, P519 THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 TODD DK, 1959, GROUND WATER HYDROLO WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 ZLOTNIK VA, 1999, P WAT 99 C BRISB JUL, P221 NR 29 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 266 IS 3-4 BP 209 EP 221 PG 13 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 595LH UT ISI:000178110400006 ER PT J AU Wett, B Jarosch, H Ingerle, K TI Flood induced infiltration affecting a bank filtrate well at the River Enns, Austria SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bank filtration; bank storage; clogging; stream-aquifer interaction; alluvial aquifers; groundwater modelling ID ORGANIC-CARBON; GROUNDWATER; SEDIMENT; AQUIFER; RECHARGE; ZONE AB Bank filtration employs a natural filtration process of surface water on its flow path from the river to the well. The development of a stable filter layer is of major importance to the quality of the delivered water. Flooding is expected to destabilise the riverbed, to reduce the filter efficiency of the bank and therefore to endanger the operation of water supply facilities near the riverbank. This paper provides an example of how bank storage in an unconfined alluvial aquifer causes a significant decrease of the seepage rate after a high-water event. Extensive monitoring equipment has been installed in the river bank of the oligotrophic alpine River Enns focusing on the first metre of the flow path. Head losses measured by multilevel probes throughout a year characterise the development of the hydraulic conductivity of different riverbed layers. Concentration profiles of nitrate, total ions and a NaCl tracer have been used to study infiltration rates of river water and its dilution with groundwater. Dynamic modelling was applied in order to investigate the propagation of flood induced head elevation and transport of pollutants. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Innsbruck Univ, Dept Environm Engn, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Wett, B, Innsbruck Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Technikerstr 13, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. CR BARLOW PM, 2000, J HYDROL, V230, P211 BEAR J, 1987, MODELING GROUNDWATER, P86 BOULTON AJ, 1998, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V29, P59 BOULTON AJ, 2000, ECOSYST HEALTH, V6, P108 BRUGGER A, 2001, AQUAT MICROB ECOL, V24, P129 BRUGGER A, 2001, FRESHWATER BIOL, V46, P997 BRUNKE M, 1997, FRESHWATER BIOL, V37, P1 BUCHER B, 1993, WASSER BODEN, V3, P173 CONRAD LP, 1996, WATER RESOUR BULL, V32, P1209 CUNNINGHAM AB, 1987, J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE, V113, P106 DOUSSAN C, 1994, J HYDROL, V153, P215 EDELMANN JH, 1947, THESIS DELFT U TECHN HASENLEITHNER C, 1999, P 28 IAHR C GRAZ A, V3, P16 INGERLE K, 1999, RES INITIATIVE VERBU, V60, P43 KASS W, 1992, HYDROGEOLOGY, V9, P330 MACHELEIDT W, 2000, P INT RIV FILTR C DU, V4, P293 MCDONALD MG, 1988, 06A1 US GEOL SURV MUELLER T, 1998, GAMBLING GROUNDWATER, P575 NEVULIS RH, 1989, WATER RESOUR RES, V25, P1519 SCHALCHLI U, 1992, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V235, P189 SENGSCHMITT D, 1999, P 28 IAHR C GRAZ A, V3, P17 VEKERDY Z, 1998, J HYDROL, V205, P112 WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 WORKMAN SR, 1999, J AM WATER RESOUR AS, V35, P425 YOUNGER PL, 1993, J INST WATER ENV MAN, V7, P577 ZHENG C, 1990, MT3D MODULAR 3 DIMEN NR 26 TC 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 266 IS 3-4 BP 222 EP 234 PG 13 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 595LH UT ISI:000178110400007 ER PT J AU Ray, C Soong, TW Lian, YQ Roadcap, GS TI Effect of flood-induced chemical load on filtrate quality at bank filtration sites SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE flood; riverbank filtration; bank filtrate; water quality; numerical modeling ID DRINKING-WATER; INFILTRATION; MOVEMENT AB Riparian municipal wells, that are located on riverbanks, are specifically designed to capture a portion of the river water through induced infiltration. Runoff from agricultural watersheds is found to carry enormous amounts of pesticides and nitrate. While the risk of contamination for a vast majority of sites with small-capacity vertical wells is low, potential exists for medium to large capacity collector wells to capture a fraction of the surface water contaminants during flood. Prior monitoring and current modeling results indicate that a small-capacity (peak pumpage 0.0315 m(3)/s) vertical bank filtration well may not be affected by river water nitrate and atrazine even during flood periods. For a medium capacity (0.0875-0.175 m(3)/s) hypothetical collector well at the same site, potential exists for a portion of the river water nitrate and atrazine to enter the well during flood periods. Various combinations of hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed or bank material were used. For nitrate, it was assumed either no denitrification occurred during the period of simulation or a half-life of 2 years. Equilibrium controlled sorption (organic carbon partition coefficient of 52 ml/g) and a half-life of between 7.5 and 15 weeks were considered for atrazine. Combinations of these parameters were used in various simulations. Peak concentrations of atrazine or nitrate in pumped water could vary from less than 1% to as high as 90% of that in the river. It was found that a combination of river stage, pumping rates, hydraulic properties of the riverbed and bank, and soil/pesticide properties could affect contaminant entry from river water to any of these wells. If the hydraulic conductivity of the bed and bank material were low, atrazine would not reach the pumping well with or without sorption and degradation. However, for moderately low permeable bank and bed materials, some atrazine from river water could enter a hypothetical collector well while pumping at 0.0875 m(3)/s. It was interesting to note that doubling the pumpage of this collector well would bring in more ground water from the aquifer (with no atrazine) and thus have a lower concentration of atrazine in the filtrate. For highly conductive banks, it is possible to find some atrazine at a vertical well for a sustained pumpage rate of 0.0125 m(3)/s if the effect of sorption is neglected. However, with equilibrium sorption, the concentration would be below the detection limit. On the other hand, if a collector well of capacity 0.0875 m(3)/s is used at the place of the vertical well with highly conductive banks, atrazine concentration in the filtrate would be about 80% of river water even assuming equilibrium sorption and a half-life of 7.5 weeks. Remediation of river water contamination of the aquifer using `scavenger' wells between the river and the pumping well(s) was not a feasible option due to the contact of the aquifer with a highly conductive bank at the site. However, moving the existing pumping well(s) 100 m upstream would have negligible impact from the bank-stored water. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil Engn & Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Ray, C, Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil Engn & Water Resources Res Ctr, 2540 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. 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Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 266 IS 3-4 BP 235 EP 258 PG 24 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 595LH UT ISI:000178110400008 ER PT J AU Worch, E Grischek, T Bornick, H Eppinger, P TI Laboratory tests for simulating attenuation processes of aromatic amines in riverbank filtration SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bank filtration; aromatic amines; biodegradation; adsorption ID SORPTION; COEFFICIENTS; SEDIMENTS; WATER AB Based on a two-step laboratory test including biodegradation and adsorption, it is possible to derive a prognosis of the behaviour of organic compounds during riverbank filtration and to prioritise the substances with regard to drinking water quality. It is shown for aromatic amines, used as an example of organics found in River Elbe water, Germany, how the simulation methods provide basic information about rate constants of biological degradation and adsorption equilibrium constants under conditions that are as realistic as possible. Biodegradation of nitroanilines and higher chlorinated anilines is relatively slow and adsorption onto the sandy aquifer material is weak. Accordingly, occurrence of these compounds in the production wells of the waterworks cannot be excluded. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dresden Univ Technol, Inst Water Chem, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RP Worch, E, Dresden Univ Technol, Inst Water Chem, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. 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PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 266 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 268 PG 10 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 595LH UT ISI:000178110400009 ER PT J AU Kim, SB Corapcioglu, MY TI Contaminant transport in riverbank filtration in the presence of dissolved organic matter and bacteria: a kinetic approach SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE riverbank filtration; contaminant transport; colloids; dissolved organic matter; bacteria ID GROUNDWATER-INFILTRATION; LABORATORY COLUMN; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; MOBILE BACTERIA; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER; FIELD; HYDROCARBONS; SOLUBILITY; COLLOIDS AB In riverbank filtration, the removal of organic contaminants is an important task for the production of good quality drinking water. The transport of an organic contaminant in riverbank filtration can be retarded by sorption on to the solid matrix and facilitated by the presence of mobile colloids. In the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bacteria, the subsurface environment can be modeled as a four-phase porous medium: two mobile colloidal phases, an aqueous phase, and a solid matrix. In this study, a kinetic model is developed to simulate the contaminant transport in riverbank filtration in the presence of DOM and bacteria. The bacterial deposition and the contaminant sorption on bacteria and DOM are expressed with kinetic expressions. The model equations are solved numerically with a fully implicit finite difference method. Simulation results show that the contaminant mobility increases greatly in riverbank filtration due to the presence of DOM. The mobility can be enhanced further when the bacteria and DOM are present together in the aquifer. In this system, the total aqueous phase contaminant concentration, C-ct(+) includes the contaminant dissolved in the aqueous phase, C-c(+) the contaminant sorbed to DOM, sigma(cd)(+), and the contaminant sorbed to mobile bacteria, C(b)(+)sigma(cbm)(+),(i.e. C-ct(+) = C-c(+) + sigma(cd)(+) + C-b(+) sigma(cbm)(+)) Sensitivity analysis illustrates that the distribution of the total aqueous phase contaminants among the dissolved phase, DOM and bacteria is changed significantly with various Damkohler numbers related to the contaminant sorption on mobile colloids. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kim, SB, Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. 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Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 266 IS 3-4 BP 269 EP 283 PG 15 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 595LH UT ISI:000178110400010 ER PT J AU Thullner, M Mauclaire, L Schroth, MH Kinzelbach, W Zeyer, J TI Interaction between water flow and spatial distribution of microbial growth in a two-dimensional flow field in saturated porous media SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioclogging; hydraulic conductivity; biomass; visualization; transverse mixing ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES; BIOFILM ACCUMULATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; AQUIFER MATERIALS; SAND COLUMNS; BACTERIA; REDUCTION; BIOREMEDIATION; BIODEGRADATION AB Bacterial growth and its interaction with water flow was investigated in a two-dimensional flow field in a saturated porous medium. A flow cell (56 X 44 X 1 cm) was filled with glass beads and operated under a continuous flow of a mineral medium containing nitrate as electron acceptor. A glucose solution was injected through an injection port, simulating a point source contamination. Visible light transmission was used to observe the distribution of the growing biomass and water flow during the experiment. At the end of the experiment (on day 3 1), porous medium samples were destructively collected and analyzed for abundance of total and active bacterial cells, bacterial cell volume and concentration of polysaccharides and proteins. Microbial growth was observed in two stripes along the length of the flow cell, starting at the glucose injection port, where highest biomass concentrations were obtained. The spatial distribution of biomass indicated that microbial activity was limited by transverse mixing between glucose and nitrate media, as only in the mixing zone between the media high biological activities were achieved. The ability of the biomass to change the flow pattern in the flow cell was observed, indicating that the biomass was locally reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the porous medium. This bioclogging effect became evident when the injection of the glucose solution was turned off and water flow still bypassed the area around the glucose injection port, preserving the flow pattern as it was during the injection of the glucose solution. As flow bypass was possible in this system, the average hydraulic properties of the flow cell were not affected by the produced biomass. Even in the vicinity of the injection port, the total volume of the bacterial cells remained below 0.01% of the pore space and was unlikely to be responsible for the bioclogging. However, the bacteria produced large amounts of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which likely caused the observed bioclogging effects. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Terr Ecol, CH-8952 Zurich, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Hydromech & Water Resources Management, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Thullner, M, Cornell Univ, Lab Geoenvironm Sci & Engn, 1006 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 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Contam. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 169 EP 189 PG 21 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 597YW UT ISI:000178249200001 ER PT J AU Reinhard, M Litwiller, E Gross, B TI The fate of wastewater indicator compounds during groundwater recharge SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. CR WILD D, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P4422 NR 1 TC 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM ACTA JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU Suppl. 1 BP A632 EP A632 PG 1 SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT ISI:000177423401233 ER PT J AU Achten, C Kolb, A Puttmann, W TI Occurrence of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in riverbank filtered water and drinking water produced by riverbank filtration 2 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SENSITIVE METHOD; SURFACE-WATER; DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; SEDIMENTS; GASOLINE; AIR AB Bank filtration of river or lake water represents an efficient and natural purification process used for the drinking water production in many countries and at an amount of about 15-16% in Germany From experiences over decades particularly at the river Rhine and Elbe it is known that the occurrence of persistent pollutants in river water can represent a problem for the quality of drinking water produced by bank filtration The common detection of the gasoline additive methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE) in drinking water and the announced phase out of the oxygenate in the U S show that MTBE can contaminate large water amounts due to its physicochemical properties The MTBE situation in the U S differs from Europe and significantly lower concentrations in the German environment can be expected Average MTBE concentrations of 200-250 ng/L in the Lower Main and Lower Rhine river in 2000/2001 were reported At two sites at the Lower Rhine and Lower Main rivers MTBE concentrations in bank filtered water (n = 22) recovering well water raw water and drinking water produced by the water utility at the Lower Rhine site (n = 30) and tap water at Frankfurt/M City (n=13) were analyzed from 1999 to 2001 Sample analysis is performed by a combination of headspace solid phase microextraction (HS SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with a detection limit of 10 ng/L and a relative standard deviation of 11% At the Lower Rhine site up to 80 m from the river an average MTBE concentration of 88 ng/L in riverbank filtered water recovering well water and raw water (n = 7) and of 43110 ng/L in drinking water (n = 3) result At the Lower Main site up to 400 m from the river MTBE concentrations from 52 to 250 ng/L (n = 7) were measured Tap water samples at Frankfurt/M (mean of 35 ng/L maximum of 71 ng/L) were in the same range as MTBE amounts in drinking water at the Lower Rhine site Measured MTBE amounts eliminated by bank filtration at the Lower Rhine site are comparable to other contaminants The results of this study show that concentrations measured in river water and drinking water are approximately 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than the U S drinking water standard of 20-40 mug/L represent trace level concentrations and are not of major concern nowadays However the unfavorable combination of the occurrence of nonpoint MTBE emissions and the persistent behavior of the ether in water even at low concentrations should not be neglected in future discussion The reported MTBE concentrations are relevant for precautionary aspects MTBE concentrations in German river water show a tendency toward increasing concentrations since 1999 and in the future possible higher concentrations could represent a risk for the quality of drinking water that is being produced by water utility using bank filtered river water. C1 JW Goethe Univ Frankfurt Main, Geowissensch Inst Mineral Umweltanalyt, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Achten, C, JW Goethe Univ Frankfurt Main, Geowissensch Inst Mineral Umweltanalyt, Georg Voigt Str 14, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. 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Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 17 BP 3662 EP 3670 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 591PH UT ISI:000177889100015 ER PT J AU Ying, GG Williams, B Kookana, R TI Environmental fate of alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates - a review SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE oetylphenol; nonylphenol; nonylphenol ethoxylate; partitioning; degradation; water; sediment; sewage effluent ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRIMARY DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; NONYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATES; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; AROMATIC SURFACTANTS; WASTE-WATER; LINEAR ALKYLBENZENESULFONATES AB Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) are widely used surfactants in domestic and industrial products, which are commonly found in wastewater discharges and in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents. Degradation of APEs in wastewater treatment plants or in the environment generates more persistent shorter-chain APEs and alkylphenols (APs) such as nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and AT mono- to triethoxylates (NPE1, NPE2 and NPE3). There is concern that APE metabolites (NT, OP, NPE 1-3) can mimic natural hormones and that the levels present in the environment may be sufficient to disrupt endocrine function in wildlife and humans. The physicochemical properties of the APE metabolites (NP, NPE1-4, OP, OPE1-4), in particular the high K., values, indicate that they will partition effectively into sediments following discharge from STPs. The aqueous solubility data for the APE metabolites indicate that the concentration in water combined with the high partition coefficients will provide a significant reservoir (load) in various environmental compartments. Data from studies conducted in many regions across the world have shown significant levels in samples of every environmental compartment examined. In the US, levels of NP in air ranged from 0.01 to 81 ng/m(3), with seasonal trends observed. Concentrations of APE metabolites in treated wastewater effluents in the US ranged from < 0.1 to 369 mug/l, in Spain they were between 6 and 343 mug/l and concentrations up to 330 mug/l were found in the UK. Levels in sediments reflected the high partition coefficients with concentrations reported ranging from < 0.1 to 13,700 mug/kg for sediments in the US. Fish in the UK were found to contain up to 0.8 mug/kg NP in muscle tissue. APEs degraded faster in the water column than in sediment. Aerobic conditions facilitate easier further biotransformation of APE metabolites than anaerobic conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIRO Land & Water, Adelaide Lab, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Ying, GG, CSIRO Land & Water, Adelaide Lab, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. CR *IUPAC, 1999, 6602697 IUPAC DEC WA, P28 AHEL M, 1985, ANAL CHEM, V57, P1577 AHEL M, 1993, CHEMOSPHERE, V26, P1461 AHEL M, 1993, CHEMOSPHERE, V26, P1471 AHEL M, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1131 AHEL M, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P37 AHEL M, 2000, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V42, P15 BANAT FA, 2000, CHEMOSPHERE, V41, P297 BENNETT ER, 2000, ENVIRON TOXICOL CH 1, V19, P784 BENNIE DT, 1997, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V193, P263 BLACKBURN MA, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P1623 BLACKBURN MA, 1999, MAR POLLUT BULL, V38, P109 BRUNNER PH, 1988, WATER RES, V22, P1465 CHALAUX N, 1994, J CHROMATOGR A, V686, P275 CRESCENZI C, 1995, ANAL CHEM, V67, P1797 DACHS J, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2676 DICORCIA A, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P850 DICORCIA A, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P2401 DING WH, 1999, CHEMOSPHERE, V38, P2597 EJLERTSSON J, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P301 EKELUND R, 1993, ENVIRON POLLUT, V79, P59 FERGUSON PL, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P2428 FIELD JA, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P3544 FUJITA M, 2000, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V42, P23 GIGER W, 1984, SCIENCE, V225, P623 HALE RC, 2000, ENVIRON TOXICOL CH 1, V19, P946 HAWRELAK M, 1999, CHEMOSPHERE, V39, P745 ISOBE T, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P1041 JOBLING S, 1993, AQUAT TOXICOL, V27, P361 JOBLING S, 1996, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V15, P194 JOHN DM, 2000, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V19, P293 JOHNSON AC, 1998, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V210, P271 JOHNSON AC, 2000, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V19, P2486 JONKERS N, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P335 KUCH HM, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3201 LEE HB, 1995, ANAL CHEM, V67, P1976 LEE HB, 1997, J CHROMATOGR A, V785, P385 LEE HB, 1998, WATER QUAL RES J CAN, V33, P19 LIBER K, 1999, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V18, P357 MANN RM, 2000, CHEMOSPHERE, V41, P1361 MANZANO MA, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P2593 MARCOMINI A, 1987, ANAL CHEM, V59, P1709 MARCOMINI A, 1989, J ENVIRON QUAL, V18, P523 MARCOMINI A, 2000, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V19, P2000 MARUYAMA K, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P343 NASU M, 2001, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V43, P101 NAYLOR CG, 1992, J AM OIL CHEM SOC, V69, P695 NAYLOR CG, 1995, TEXT CHEM COLOR, V27, P29 NIELSEN E, 2000, 512 DAN ENV POTTER TL, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P113 RENNER R, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P316 RUDEL RA, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P861 SAFE SH, 1998, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V17, P119 SALANITRO JP, 1995, CHEMOSPHERE, V30, P813 SCOTT MJ, 2000, BBA-BIOMEMBRANES, V1508, P235 SEKELA M, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V39, P217 SHANG DY, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P1366 SNYDER SA, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2814 SOLE M, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P5076 SOTO AM, 1991, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V92, P167 STAPLES CA, 1999, CHEMOSPHERE, V38, P2029 TABATA A, 2001, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V43, P109 TALMAGE SS, 1994, ENV HUMAN SAFETY MAJ TANGHE T, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P2889 TOPP E, 2000, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V19, P313 TSUDA T, 2000, CHEMOSPHERE, V41, P757 VANRY DA, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P2410 WAHLBERG C, 1990, CHEMOSPHERE, V20, P179 WALDOCK MJ, 1986, 1986E16 CM YOSHIMURA K, 1986, J AM OIL CHEM SOC, V63, P1590 NR 70 TC 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 215 EP 226 PG 12 SC Environmental Sciences GA 588XX UT ISI:000177728500011 ER PT J AU Trettin, R Knoller, K Loosli, HH Kowski, P TI Evaluation of the sulfate dynamics in groundwater by means of environmental isotopes SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article DE groundwater; hydrogen isotopes; oxygen; sulfate; sulfur isotopes; stable isotopes; tritium ID SULFUR; GEOCHEMISTRY; ATTENUATION; AQUIFER; TRACERS; NITRATE; CANADA; OXYGEN AB Elevated sulfate concentrations and their heterogeneous distribution in the drinking water catchment area Torgau-Mockritz (Germany) were investigated by means of multiple isotope signatures such as delta(34)S, delta(18)O-H2O, deltaD, tritium, and Kr-85. delta(34)S values of the groundwater sulfate vary between -19...+ 37parts per thousand CDT. No simple correlation exists between sulfate concentrations and delta(34)S. Superimposition of different sulfur sources and mobilization processes combined with a complicated groundwater movement create a complex distribution pattern. The oxidation of reduced sedimentary sulfur has to be regarded as a main source of dissolved sulfate at least regionally. Tritium and C-14 data revealed that old groundwater can be excluded as source for high sulfate contents. Correlated temporal variations in the concentrations of tritium and sulfate are observed in deeper sampling positions. Highly variable delta(18)O and deltaD, as detected in parts of the catchment area, indicate local influences of surface water infiltration into the aquifer. The spatial distribution of isotope signatures enables the identification of zones with descending younger water or hindered groundwater movement and hence provides useful hints for flow modeling. C1 UFZ Ctr Environm Res Leipzig Halle, D-06120 Halle Saale, Germany. Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Trettin, R, UFZ Ctr Environm Res Leipzig Halle, Theodor Lieser Str 4, D-06120 Halle Saale, Germany. CR *DTSCH AKKR CHEM G, 2001, DACP01300100 GMBH BOTTRELL SH, 1991, APPL GEOCHEM, V6, P97 BOTTRELL SH, 2000, CHEM GEOL, V169, P461 CLARK ID, 1997, ENV ISOTOPES HYDROGE, P328 DOGRAMACI SS, 2001, APPL GEOCHEM, V16, P475 DOWUONA GN, 1993, APPL GEOCHEM, V8, P255 GEYER S, 1994, 494 GSF GONFIANTINI R, 1998, ISOTOPE TRACERS CATC, P203 GRISCHEK T, 2000, ACHIEVEMENTS FUTURE, P935 HENDRY MJ, 1989, WATER RESOUR RES, V25, P567 HERLITZIUS J, 2001, ALTLASTEN 2001 NEUE, P120 KNIEF K, 1998, 121998 UFZ, P174 KOLLE W, 1983, VOM WASSER, V61, P125 MALLEN G, 2000, 92000 UFZ, P191 MALOSZEWSKI P, 1982, J HYDROL, V57, P207 MAYER B, 1995, APPL GEOCHEM, V10, P161 MONCASTER SJ, 2000, J CONTAM HYDROL, V43, P147 NESTLER W, 1998, 71998 UFZ OSTER H, 1994, THESIS U HEIDELBERG PLUMMER LN, 1999, ENV TRACERS SUBSURFA, P441 RICHTER J, 1992, MULTIS COMPUTERPROGR ROBERTSON WD, 1996, J HYDROL, V180, P267 STREBEL O, 1990, J HYDROL, V121, P155 TRETTIN R, 1999, ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S, V35, P331 ZOELLMANN K, 2001, J HYDROL, V240, P187 NR 25 TC 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALTH STUD JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 103 EP 119 PG 17 SC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences GA 586CG UT ISI:000177565600006 ER PT J AU Wu, FC Evans, RD Dillon, PJ TI High-performance liquid chromatographic fractionation and characterization of fulvic acid SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE HPLC; immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC); humic substances; affinity ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT FRACTIONS; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ION AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-LIGANDS; BINDING; COPPER; COMPLEXATION; FLUORESCENCE AB High-performance immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (HP-IMAC) was used to fractionate humic substances (HS) based on their affinity for the immobilized copper(II) ion using acidic and glycine eluents. The work was carried out with two naturally occurring aqueous fulvic acids and commercially available Suwannee River fulvic acid. The IMAC-fractionated HS were then characterized by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and size exclusion chromatography. The results showed that the affinity HS fraction eluted first using an acidic pH = 2 eluent exhibited a relatively high hydrophilic character, whereas the fraction eluted later using a glycine eluent exhibited both a higher hydrophobic character and larger molecular size. On the other hand, the HS fraction with no affinity for the immobilized copper had low molecular size. The affinity of the HS fraction for copper(II) increased with increasing molecular weight. Based on the composite results of three different HS, it is evident that strong relationships exist between affinity, molecular weight, and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties during the HP-IMAC fractionation. The results presented here have significance for understanding the nature of chemical interactions at the molecular level between dissolved organic matter and trace metals. IMAC, coupled with other liquid chromatographic strategies, is a promising tool for chemical fractionation and characterization of HS. circle * 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Trent Univ, Environm & Resource Studies Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Wu, FC, Trent Univ, Environm & Resource Studies Program, 1600 W Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. CR BENDER ME, 1970, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V4, P520 BREAULT RF, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P3477 BUFFLE J, 1992, ENV PARTICLES, V1, P171 BURBA P, 2000, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V70, P149 CHIN YP, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1853 EVANS HE, 1989, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V81, P297 FUKUSHIMA M, 1996, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V322, P173 GARRISON AW, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P2149 GHABBOUR EA, 2001, HUMIC SUBSTANCES STR GHASSEMI M, 1968, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V13, P583 GORDON AS, 1992, MAR CHEM, V38, P1 GORDON AS, 2000, MARS CHEM, V368, P689 HALL KJ, 1974, WATER RES, V8, P239 HAYASE K, 1984, J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED, V295, P530 HER N, 2002, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V36, P1069 KRIVACSY Z, 1992, PROGR HYDROGEOCHEMIS, P56 KUCKUK R, 2000, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V366, P95 LAKSHMAN S, 1993, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V282, P101 LEVESQUE M, 1972, SOIL SCI, V113, P346 LIN CF, 1995, ENVIRON POLLUT, V87, P181 MIDORIKAWA T, 1996, MAR CHEM, V52, P157 NORDEN M, 1996, J CHROMATOGR A, V739, P421 ODRISCOLL NJ, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P4039 PETERSSON C, 1995, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V80, P971 PEURAVUORI J, 1997, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V337, P133 RASHID MA, 1971, SOIL SCI, V111, P298 SALEH FY, 1989, ANAL CHEM, V61, P2792 SCHMITTKOPPLIN P, 1998, ANAL CHEM, V70, P3798 SHIN HS, 2001, TALANTA, V53, P791 SPOSITO G, 1976, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V40, P691 SWIFT RS, 1971, J SOIL SCI, V22, P237 WU F, 2001, ORG GEOCHEM, V32, P11 WU FC, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3646 WU FC, 2002, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V452, P85 XUE HB, 1996, AQUAT SCI, V58, P69 NR 35 TC 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 464 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 SC Chemistry, Analytical GA 580LJ UT ISI:000177235800006 ER PT J AU Myllykangas, T Nissinen, TK Rantakokko, P Martikainen, PJ Vartiainen, T TI Molecular size fractions of treated aquatic humus SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ozonation; chlorination; aquatic humus; molecular size distribution; organic acids; drinking water ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; DRINKING WATERS; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; BANK FILTRATION; LAKE WATER; WEIGHT; OZONE; OZONATION AB The effects of ozone, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and permanganate on the aquatic humic matter with different molecular size fractions and the organic acid formation in drinking water treatment were studied. Aquatic humus in lake water (LW), artificially recharged groundwater (AW), and purified artificially recharged groundwater (PW) were fractionated by high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC) with UV-254 nm detection before and after oxidation, a technique which resulted generally in seven peaks. The sum of the molecular size fractions (SMSF) of the LW was reduced by 47% during the bank filtration process, and the SMSF of the AW was reduced by 55% during the process in the water treatment plant. The oxidation of the AW resulted in reductions in the range of 18-35% of the SMSF; the respective range of the PW was 15-69%. However, the content of the total organic carbon (TOC) reduced only slightly, and a high correlation between the TOC and the SMSF (0.911) was observed in the whole material. The greatest decreases appeared in the highest-molecular-weight fractions while the low-molecular-weight fractions remained nearly unchanged. The total content of the six organic small-molecular-weight acids (sum of the organic acids, SOA) (formate, acetate, propionate, pyruvate, oxalate, and citrate) varied between 0.1-5.1% and 0.1-9.7% of the reduced TOC in the AW and the PW, respectively. The formation of the SOA, especially of oxalate, was the greatest after hydrogen peroxide combined with ozonation (as much as I 100 mug/L), while chlorination resulted in the SOA of < 50 mug/L. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Div Environm Hlth, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland. Univ Kuopio, Dept Environm Sci, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. RP Myllykangas, T, Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Div Environm Hlth, POB 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland. CR *FINN STAND ASS SF, 1484 SFS EN FINN STA *FINN STAND ASS SF, 1981, 3005 SFS FINN STAND AMY GL, 1987, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V79, P43 AMY GL, 1992, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V84, P67 BECHER G, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P422 BELLAR TA, 1974, J AM WATER, V66, P703 CABANISS SE, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P1103 CHIN YP, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1853 COLLINS MR, 1996, DISINFECTION BY PROD, P449 EDWARDS M, 1992, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V84, P56 FICEK KJ, 1978, WATER TREATMENT PLAN GARCIAARAYA JF, 1995, OZONE-SCI ENG, V17, P647 GLAZE WH, 1987, OZONE-SCI ENG, V9, P335 HOEWITZ W, 1980, OFFICIAL METHODS ANA, P545 HOIGNE J, 1978, ACS SYM SER, V82, P292 KAINULAINEN T, 1994, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V30, P169 KORSHIN GV, 1996, ACS S SER, V649 KRASNER SW, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P66 MIETTINEN IT, 1994, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V30, P179 MIETTINEN IT, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P2495 MIETTINEN IT, 1998, OZONE-SCI ENG, V20, P303 MYLLYKANGAS T, 2000, OZONE-SCI ENG, V22, P487 NISSINEN TK, 2001, CHEMOSPHERE, V45, P865 PEURAVUORI J, 1997, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V337, P133 PEURAVUORI J, 1997, ENVIRON INT, V23, P441 PEURAVUORI J, 1999, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V391, P331 POUVREAU P, 1984, J FR HYDROL, V2, P169 RECKHOW DA, 1986, WATER RES, V20, P987 RICHARDSON SD, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P3368 ROOK JJ, 1974, WATER TREAT EXAM, V23, P234 SCHNOOR JL, 1979, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V13, P1134 VARTIAINEN T, 1987, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V62, P75 VARTIAINEN T, 1988, CHEMOSPHERE, V17, P189 NR 33 TC 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 36 IS 12 BP 3045 EP 3053 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 578GW UT ISI:000177109900015 ER PT J AU Minor, EC Simjouw, JP Boon, JJ Kerkhoff, AE van der Horst, J TI Estuarine/marine UDOM as characterized by size-exclusion chromatography and organic mass spectrometry SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE marine dissolved organic matter; ultrafiltration; size exclusion chromatography; mass spectrometry ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ANALYTICAL PYROLYSIS; PORE WATERS; MATTER; COLLOIDS; CARBON; ACIDS; OCEAN; ABUNDANCE AB High performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and direct temperature-resolved mass spectrometry (DT-MS) were used to explore molecular weight distributions and molecular level characteristics within marine/estuarine ultrafiltered dissolved organic matter (UDOM, > 1 kDa) collected from the lower Chesapeake Bay, USA and the Oosterschelde estuary, The Netherlands. Initial HPSEC characterization indicates that the overall size distribution is similar in all the UDOM samples; however, there are distinct variations among the samples, especially in the low molecular weight region. As a preliminary study of molecular level variations with apparent molecular size, the Oosterschelde UDOM sample was separated into molecular weight fractions using HPSEC. These fractions were then analyzed by DT-MS. The size fractions within the UDOM sample yielded distinctly different mass spectra; the larger size classes were enriched in ammosugars, deoxysugars, and methylated sugars while the smaller size classes were enriched in hexose sugars. There is also evidence that hexose sugars appear in at least two structures with highly different molecular weights and potentially highly different source and sink functions within the marine water column. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. AMOLF, FOM Inst, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Minor, EC, Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Alfriend Chem Bldg, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. CR ALUWIHARE LI, 1997, NATURE, V387, P166 AMON RMW, 1994, NATURE, V369, P549 AMON RMW, 1996, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V41, P41 BECKETT R, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P289 BENNER R, 1992, SCIENCE, V255, P1561 BOON JJ, 1998, ORG GEOCHEM, V29, P1051 BURDIGE DJ, 1998, MAR CHEM, V62, P45 CABANISS SE, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P1103 CHESTER R, 1990, MARINE GEOCHEMISTRY CHIN YP, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P1309 CHIN YP, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P1621 CHIN YP, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1853 CHIN YP, 1998, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V43, P1287 DENOBILI M, 1999, SOIL SCI, V164, P825 EGLINTON TI, 1996, MAR CHEM, V52, P27 EVERETT CR, 1999, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V44, P1316 GHOSH K, 1980, SOIL SCI, V129, P266 GUO LD, 1996, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V41, P1242 GUO LD, 1997, REV GEOPHYS, V35, P17 HONEYMAN BD, 1992, ENV PARTICLES, V1, P379 KLAP VA, 1997, THESIS NIOO CEMO MARTIN JM, 1995, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V40, P119 MAUER LG, 1976, DEEP-SEA RES, V23, P1059 MCCARTHY M, 1996, MAR CHEM, V55, P281 MCCARTHY M, 1997, NATURE, V390, P150 MCLAFFERTY FW, 1993, INTERPRETATION MASS MEANS JC, 1982, SCIENCE, V215, P968 MINOR EC, 1999, 1999 IMOG C IST TURK PELEKANI C, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2807 PERMINOVA IV, 1999, SOIL SCI, V164, P834 PICCOLO A, 1996, EUR J SOIL SCI, V47, P319 PRITCHARD DW, 1952, J MARKETING RES, V11, P106 SAIZJIMENEZ C, 1987, J ANAL APPL PYROL, V11, P437 SKOOG A, 1997, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V42, P1803 SPECHT CH, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P2361 STANKIEWICZ BA, 1996, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V10, P1747 VANHEEMST JDH, 1993, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY, P694 VANLOON WMGM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P2387 VARGA B, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3303 NR 39 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 78 IS 2-3 BP 75 EP 102 PG 28 SC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography GA 560MU UT ISI:000176086500002 ER PT J AU Nguyen, ML Baker, LA Westerhoff, P TI DOC and DBP precursors in western US watersheds and reservoirs SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; HYDROLOGY; TRANSPORT; COLORADO; ARIZONA; MODELS; LAKES; RIVER AB The Horseshoe-Bartlett water supply reservoir system on the Verde River in Arizona was studied to determine the impact of hydrologic variability on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export from the watershed and DOC production within the reservoir system. High DOC concentrations occurred during spring snowmelt and late summer monsoon rains. The majority (similar to90%) of DOC loading (kilograms per month) from the Verde River watershed occurred in the spring. Bacterial consumption and algal production of DOC changed the chemical characteristics of DOC in the reservoir. DOC loading was reduced by 21 to 38%, and haloacetic acid precursor loading was reduced by 30 to 45% as water passed through the Horseshoe-Bartlett reservoir system in 1998-99. Depending on annual hydrologic patterns and reservoir operation, the Horseshoe-Bartlett reservoir system can either produce or consume DOC. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Nguyen, ML, Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 5306, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CR 1994, FED REG 0729, V59, P38668 *APHA AWWA WEF, 1995, STAND METH EX WAT WA *USGS, 1991, 914041 USGS AIKEN G, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P36 AIKEN GR, 1991, ORGANIC SUBSTANCES S AMY GL, 1987, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V79, P89 AMY GL, 1990, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V82, P57 BARON J, 1991, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V15, P89 CHAPRA SC, 1997, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V123, P714 COOKE GD, 1989, RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT DOLAN DM, 1981, J GREAT LAKES RES, V7, P207 DONAHUE WF, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P2954 EATON A, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P86 ENGSTROM DR, 1987, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V44, P1306 GODSHALK GL, 1978, AQUAT BOT, V5, P281 HORNBERGER GM, 1994, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V25, P147 JONES JB, 1996, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V317, P183 MCKNIGHT DM, 1994, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V39, P1972 MCKNIGHT DM, 2001, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V46, P38 MOPPER K, 1991, NATURE, V353, P60 PALMSTROM NS, 1988, LAKE RESERV MANAGE, V4, P1 PARKS SJ, 1995, THESIS ARIZONA STATE PARKS SJ, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P1751 PRENTKI RT, 1979, ARCH HYDROBIOL S, V57, P221 RANDKE SJ, 1987, 266 KANS WAT RES RES RECKHOW DA, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P1655 SAUNDERS GW, 1980, FUNCTIONING FRESHWAT SUGIMURA Y, 1988, MAR CHEM, V24, P105 TATE CM, 1983, ECOLOGY, V64, P25 THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY VALENTINE RL, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P409 WETZEL RG, 1983, LIMNOLOGY WETZEL RG, 1984, B MAR SCI, V35, P503 NR 33 TC 3 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 94 IS 5 BP 98 EP 112 PG 15 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 552MA UT ISI:000175623100009 ER PT J AU Chen, XH Shu, LC TI Stream-aquifer interactions: Evaluation of depletion volume and residual effects from ground water pumping SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID INDUCED INFILTRATION; WELLS AB Numerical modeling techniques were used to simulate stream-aquifer interactions from seasonal ground water pumping. We used stream-aquifer models in which a shallow stream penetrates the top of an aquifer that discharges ground water to the stream as base flow. Because of the pumping, the volume of base flow discharged to the stream was reduced, and as the pumping continued, infiltration from the stream to the aquifer was induced. Both base-flow reduction and stream infiltration contributed to total stream depletion. We analyzed the depletion rates and volumes of the reduced base flow and induced stream infiltration during pumping and postpumping periods. Our results suggested that for a shallow penetrating stream with a low streambed conductance, base-flow reduction accounts for a significant percentage of the total stream depletion. Its residual effects in postpumping can last very long and may continue into the next pumping season for areas where recharge is nominal. In contrast, the contribution of the induced stream infiltration to the total stream depletion is much smaller, and its effects often become negligible shortly after pumping was stopped. For areas where surface recharge replenishes the aquifer, the residual effects of base-flow reduction and thus its depletion volume will be significantly reduced. A stream of large conductance has a high hydraulic connection to the aquifer, but the relationship between stream conductance and stream depletion is not linear. C1 Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Hohai Univ, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. RP Chen, XH, Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. CR 1986, INTEGRATED MANAGEMEN AYERS JF, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P325 CALVER A, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P546 CHEN XH, 1998, J AM WATER RESOUR AS, V34, P603 CHEN XH, 1999, J ENVIRON SYST, V27, P55 CHEN XH, 2001, J AM WATER RESOUR AS, V37, P185 CONRAD LP, 1996, WATER RESOUR BULL, V32, P1209 DARAMA Y, 2001, GROUND WATER, V39, P79 GLOVER RE, 1954, EOS T AGU, V35, P468 HANTUSH MS, 1964, J GEOPHYS RES, V69, P2551 HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 HUNT B, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P98 JENKINS CT, 1968, GROUND WATER, V6, P37 MCDONALD MG, 1988, MODULAR 3 DIMENSONAL SOPHOCLEOUS M, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P579 THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 TODD DK, 1980, GROUND WATER HYDROLO WALLACE RB, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P1263 WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 NR 19 TC 4 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 284 EP 290 PG 7 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 549PY UT ISI:000175454500012 ER PT J AU Quintero-Betancourt, W Peele, ER Rose, JB TI Cryptosporidium parvum and Cyclospora cayetanensis: a review of laboratory methods for detection of these waterborne parasites SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Review DE waterborne; Cryptosporidium; Cyclospora; detection; environment ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; VIABLE GIARDIA CYSTS; CELL-CULTURE; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; INVITRO EXCYSTATION; ANIMAL INFECTIVITY; OOCYST VIABILITY; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; DRINKING-WATER AB Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora are obligate, intracellular, coccidian protozoan parasites that infest the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals causing severe diarrhea illness. In this paper, we present an overview of the conventional and more novel techniques that are currently available to detect Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora in water. Conventional techniques and new immunological and genetic/molecular methods make it possible to assess the occurrence, prevalence, virulence (to a lesser extent), viability, levels, and sources of waterborne protozoa, Concentration, purification, and detection are the three key steps in all methods that have been approved for routine monitoring of waterbome oocysts. These steps have been optimized to such an extent that low levels of naturally occurring Cryptosporidium oocysts can be efficiently recovered from water. The filtration systems developed in the US and Europe trap oocysts more effectively and are part of the standard methodologies for environmental monitoring of Ctyptosporidium oocysts in source and treated water. Purification techniques such as immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometry with fluorescent activated cell sorting impart high capture efficiency and selective separation of oocysts from sample debris. Monoclonal antibodies with higher avidity and specificity to oocysts in water concentrates have significantly improved the detection and enumeration steps. To date, PCR-based detection methods allow us to differentiate the human pathogenic Cryptosporidium parasites from those that do not infect humans. and to track the source of oocyst contamination in the environment. Cell culture techniques are now used to examine oocyst viability. While fewer studies have focused on Cyclospora cayetanensis, the parasite has been successfully detected in drinking water and wastewater using current methods to recover Cryptosporidium oocysts. More research is needed for monitoring of Cyclospora in the environment. Meanwhile, molecular methods (e.g. molecular markers such as intervening transcribed spacer regions), which can identify different genotypes of C. cayetanensis, show good promise for detection of this emerging coccidian parasite in water. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Rose, JB, Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. 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1997, CYTOMETRY, V29, P147 VESEY G, 1997, INT J PARASITOL, V27, P1353 VESEY G, 1998, J APPL MICROBIOL, V85, P429 WEIR C, 2000, CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN, V7, P745 WIDMER G, 1999, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V65, P1584 WIDMER G, 2000, MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT, V108, P187 WIEDENMANN A, 1998, J IND MICROBIOL BIOT, V21, P150 WOODS KM, 1996, ANN TROP MED PARASIT, V90, P603 XIAO LH, 2000, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V66, P5492 XIAO LH, 2001, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V67, P1097 XIAO LH, 2001, EMERG INFECT DIS, V7, P141 YAKUB GP, 2000, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V66, P3628 YANG SG, 1996, INFECT IMMUN, V64, P349 NR 123 TC 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 209 EP 224 PG 16 SC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology GA 537LV UT ISI:000174760500001 ER PT J AU Ray, C Grischek, T Schubert, J Wang, JZ Speth, TF TI A perspective of riverbank filtration SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WATER; INFILTRATION; ELBE AB Riverbank filtration (RBF) is a process In hili pumping wells located along riverbanks induce a portion of the river water to flow toward the wells. During RBF, which has many similarities to slow-sand filtration, river water contaminants are attenuated from a combination of processes such as filtration, microbial degradation, sorption to sediments and aquifer sand, and dilution with background groundwater. RBF systems have been operating in Europe since the 1870s. In the United States, there has been renewed interest among large- to medium-sized utilities to use It as a mechanism of water production to reduce treatment costs and to meet regulations on pathogens, disinfection by-products, and other contaminants under the Surface Water Treatment Rule. Although filtrate water quality from RBF systems can vary based on river conditions, it is possible that appropriately designed systems; can serve as pretreatment for drinking water, and at the same time, the utility can receive log-removal credits for pathogens and particle,. In addition, RBF can be used as a pretreatment for membrane filtration. In the United States, a knowledge gap exists oil the benefits and limitations of using RBF. This article addresses those gaps, outlining the benefits and limitations of the process. It also illustrates that RBF can be a viable alternative to surface water at suitable sites. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Water Chem, Dresden, Germany. Stadtwerke Dusseldorf AG, Dusseldorf, Germany. Louisville Water Co, Louisville, KY USA. US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Ray, C, Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil Engn, 2540 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. 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Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 94 IS 4 BP 149 EP + PG 13 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 540DV UT ISI:000174914900019 ER PT J AU Sophocleous, M TI Interactions between groundwater and surface water: the state of the science SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE groundwater recharge; hydraulic properties; hyporheic zone; hydroecology; water sustainability ID HYPORHEIC ZONE; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; BED DEGRADATION; RIVER WATER; SAFE YIELD; STREAM; EXCHANGE; NUTRIENT; INTERFACE AB The interactions between groundwater and surface water are complex. To understand these interactions in relation to climate, landform, geology, and biotic factors, a sound hydrogeoecological framework is needed. All these aspects are synthesized and exemplified in this overview. In addition, the mechanisms of interactions between groundwater and surface water (GW-SW) as they affect recharge-discharge processes are comprehensively outlined, and the ecological significance and the human impacts of such interactions are emphasized. Surface-water and groundwater ecosystems are viewed as linked components of a hydrologic continuum leading to related sustainability issues. This overview concludes with a discussion of research needs and challenges facing this evolving field. The biogeochemical processes within the upper few centimeters of sediments beneath nearly all surface-water bodies (hyporheic zone) have a profound effect on the chemistry of the water interchange, and here is where most of the recent research has been focusing. However, to advance conceptual and other modeling of GW-SW systems, a broader perspective of such interactions across and between surfacewater bodies is needed, including multidimensional analyses, interface hydraulic characterization and spatial variability, site-to-region regionalization approaches, as well as cross-disciplinary collaborations. C1 Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. RP Sophocleous, M, Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, 1930 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. 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J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 52 EP 67 PG 16 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 534ZC UT ISI:000174618800005 ER PT J AU Kolpin, DW Furlong, ET Meyer, MT Thurman, EM Zaugg, SD Barber, LB Buxton, HT TI Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-GROUND WATER; SURFACE WATERS; DRUG RESIDUES; ANTIBIOTICS; ENVIRONMENT; PESTICIDES; SEWAGE; FISH; CIPROFLOXACIN; SPECTROMETRY AB To provide the first nationwide reconnaissance of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in water resources, the U.S. Geological Survey used five newly developed analytical methods to measure concentrations of 95 OWCs in water samples from a network of 139 streams across 30 states during 1999 and 2000. The selection of sampling sites was biased toward streams susceptible to contamination (i.e. downstream of intense urbanization and livestock production). OWCs were prevalent during this study, being found in 80% of the streams sampled. The compounds detected represent a wide range of residential, industrial, and agricultural origins and uses with 82 of the 95 OWCs being found during this study. The most frequently detected compounds were coprostanol (fecal steroid), cholesterol (plant and animal steroid), N,N-diethyltoluamide (insect repellant), caffeine (stimulant), triclosan (antimicrobial disinfectant), tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (fire retardant), and 4-nonylphenol (nonionic detergent metabolite). Measured concentrations for this study were generally low and rarely exceeded drinking-water guidelines, drinking-water health advisories, or aquatic-life criteria. Many compounds, however, do not have such guidelines established. The detection of multiple OWCs was common for this study, with a median of seven and as many as 38 OWCs being found in a given water sample. Little is known about the potential interactive effects (such as synergistic or antagonistic toxicity) that may occur from complex mixtures of OWCs in the environment. In addition, results of this study demonstrate the importance of obtaining data on metabolites to fully understand not only the fate and transport of OWCs in the hydrologic system but also their ultimate overall effect on human health and the environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Ocala, FL 34474 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Kolpin, DW, US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St,Box 1230, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. CR *NAT RES COUNC, 1999, HORM ACT AG ENV *US EPA, 2000, 822B00001 US EPA ALAHMAD A, 1999, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V37, P158 AYSCOUGH NJ, 2000, P390 R D ENV AG BAGUER AJ, 2000, CHEMOSPHERE, V40, P751 BARBER LB, 2000, ACS SYM SER, V747, P97 BARONTI C, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P5059 BROWN GK, 1999, 994018B US GEOL SURV, P431 BUSER HR, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3449 BUSER HR, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2529 CHEESANFORD JC, 2001, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V67, P1949 CHILDRESS CJO, 1999, 99193 US GEOL SURV CLARK GM, 2000, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V248, P101 DAUGHTON CG, 1999, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S6, V107, P907 DAVIS DL, 1995, SCI AM, V273, P166 DUPONT HL, 1987, REV INFECT DIS, V9, P447 FOLMAR LC, 2001, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V40, P392 FONG PP, 1998, BIOL BULL, V194, P143 FORAN CM, 2000, MAR ENVIRON RES, V50, P153 GILLIVER MA, 1999, NATURE, V401, P233 HALLINGSORENSEN B, 1998, CHEMOSPHERE, V36, P357 HARRIS CA, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P2909 HARRISON PTC, 1997, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V205, P97 HARTMANN A, 1999, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V36, P115 HEBERER T, 1998, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V26, P272 HEBERER T, 2002, IN PRESS J HYDROL HIRSCH R, 1998, J CHROMATOGR A, V815, P213 HIRSCH R, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P109 JOBLING S, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P2498 JORGENSEN SE, 2000, CHEMOSPHERE, V40, P691 KEITH TL, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P10 KHACHATOURIANS GG, 1998, CAN MED ASSOC J, V159, P1129 KOENIG BG, 2000, SETAC P, P76 KOLPIN DW, 2000, GROUND WATER, V38, P858 KOLPIN DW, 2000, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V248, P115 KUCH HM, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3201 LINDSEY ME, 2001, ANAL CHEM, V73, P4640 LUTZHOFT HCH, 1999, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V36, P1 LYE CM, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P1009 MARINOVICH M, 1996, TOXICOLOGY, V108, P201 MEYER MT, 2000, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V248, P181 MITSCHER LA, 1978, CHEM TETRACYCLINE AN PANTER GH, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P2756 PORTER WP, 1999, TOXICOL IND HEALTH, V15, P133 PURDOM CE, 1994, CHEM ECOL, V8, P275 ROUTLEDGE EJ, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1559 SEDLAK DL, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, A509 SEILER RL, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P405 SHARPE RM, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1392 SHELTON LR, 1994, 94455 US GEOL SURV SMITH KE, 1999, NEW ENGL J MED, V340, P1525 SOHONI P, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P2917 STACKELBERG PE, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P853 STUMPF M, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P135 SUMPTER JP, 1995, ENVIRON HEALTH PER S, V103, P174 SWANN JM, 1996, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V30, P188 TERNES TA, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P3245 THOMPSON HM, 1996, ECOTOXICOLOGY, V5, P59 THORPE KL, 2001, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V35, P2476 TOLLS, 2001, J ENV SCI TECHNOL, V35, P3397 VENKATESAN MI, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P208 WHITE R, 1994, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V135, P175 WOLLENBERGER L, 2000, CHEMOSPHERE, V40, P723 NR 63 TC 370 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1202 EP 1211 PG 10 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 532EF UT ISI:000174458100009 ER PT J AU Kersten, M Smedes, F TI Normalization procedures for sediment contaminants in spatial and temporal trend monitoring SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Review ID TRACE-METAL CONTENTS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; GRAIN-SIZE; COASTAL SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; HEAVY-METALS; MU-M; POLLUTION; MATTER AB Rational pollution, or the effectiveness of natural attenuation assessments based upon estimating the degree of contamination, critically depends on the basis of a sound normalization to take into account heterogeneous sedimentary environments. By normalizing the measured contaminant concentration patterns for the sediment characteristics, the inherent variability can be reduced and so allow a more meaningful assessment of both the spatial distributions and the temporal trends, A brief overview and guidance in the methodology available for choosing an appropriate site-specific normalization approach is presented. This is followed by general recommendations with respect to the choice of normalizer and the necessary geochemical and statistical quality assurance methods, with support from the results of recent international intercomparison exercises within the QUASH (Quality Assurance of Sample Handling) programme, as well as discussions within the International Commission on the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) working groups. The most important of these recommendations is the use of a two-tiered normalization approach including wet sieving (<63 μm), followed by an additional geochemical co-factor normalization. C1 Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Natl Inst Coastal & Marine Management RIKZ, NL-9750 AE Haren, Netherlands. RP Kersten, M, Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. CR ACKERMANN F, 1980, ENVIRON TECHNOL LETT, V1, P518 ACKERMANN F, 1983, ENVIRON TECHNOL LETT, V4, P317 ADAMI G, 1999, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V75, P251 ALBRECHT H, 1993, 1993ENV2 ICES WGMS C, P28 ASSALLAY AM, 1998, EARTH-SCI REV, V45, P61 BALLS PW, 1997, MAR POLLUT BULL, V34, P42 BIRCH GF, 2001, ENVIRON POLLUT, V113, P357 BUCHELI TD, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P5144 CHAPMAN PM, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P3937 COVELLI S, 1997, ENVIRON GEOL, V30, P34 DASKALAKIS KD, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P470 DEGROOT AJ, 1976, ESTUARINE CHEM, P131 FUKUE M, 1999, ENG GEOL, V53, P131 GOBEIL C, 1997, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V61, P4647 GOLDIN A, 1987, COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN, V18, P1111 GRANT A, 1998, ESTUARIES, V21, P197 GUSTAFSSON O, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P203 HANSON PJ, 1993, MAR ENVIRON RES, V36, P237 HELLAND A, 2001, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V126, P339 HELZ GR, 1986, MAR CHEM, V20, P1 HOROWITZ AJ, 1987, APPL GEOCHEM, V2, P437 JONKER MTO, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P1620 KERSTEN M, 1992, HELGOLANDER MEERESUN, V45, P403 KERSTEN M, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P1295 KLAMER JC, 1990, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V208, P213 KOOPMANN C, 1991, SPECTROCHIM ACTA B, V46, P1395 KRUMGALZ BS, 1989, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V218, P335 KRUMGALZ BS, 1989, MAR POLLUT BULL, V20, P64 LORING DH, 1990, MAR CHEM, V29, P155 LORING DH, 1991, ICES J MAR SCI, V48, P101 LORING DH, 1992, EARTH-SCI REV, V32, P235 MANHEIM FT, 1998, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V64, P377 MATSCHULLAT J, 2000, ENVIRON GEOL, V39, P990 MISEROCCHI S, 2000, J ENVIRON MONITOR, V2, P529 PROKISCH J, 2000, ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH, V22, P317 REIMANN C, 2000, ENVIRON GEOL, V39, P1001 ROUSSEEUW PJ, 1999, TECHNOMETRICS, V41, P212 ROWLATT SM, 1994, MAR POLLUT BULL, V28, P324 RULE JH, 1986, ENVIRON GEOL WAT SCI, V8, P209 SALMINEN R, 1998, OPAS GUIDE, V47 SCHMIDT MWI, 2000, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V14, P777 SCHROPP SJ, 1990, ESTUARIES, V13, P227 SCHUBERT B, 1995, P WORKSH BEL ELB IHR, P297 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1993, ENV ORGANIC CHEM SMEDES F, 1997, 96043 RIKZ SMEDES F, 2000, WP4R5 FRS QUASH MAR SUMMERS JK, 1996, ESTUARIES, V19, P581 VANDERSLOOT HA, 1981, ENVIRON TECHNOL LETT, V2, P511 VENABLES WN, 1997, MODERN APPL STAT S P WEISBERG SB, 2000, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V61, P373 WINDOM HL, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P314 NR 51 TC 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONIT JI J. Environ. Monit. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 109 EP 115 PG 7 SC Environmental Sciences GA 530NM UT ISI:000174364600021 ER PT J AU Egeberg, PK Christy, AA Eikenes, M TI The molecular size of natural organic matter (NOM) determined by diffusivimetry and seven other methods SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NOM; diffusion coefficients; molecular weight; ultrafiltration; fluorescence correlation spectroscopy ID NORWEGIAN AQUATIC NOM; SURFACE WATERS; DISTRIBUTIONS; WEIGHT AB The objectives of this work are to (1) determine the diffusion coefficients of natural organic matter (NOM) by diffusivimetry, (2) compare the results with diffusion coefficients determined by two other methods (fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and dynamic adsorption experiments (DAM), (3) compare molecular weights derived from the diffusion coefficients to molecular weights determined by three different ultrafiltration experiments and high perfomance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The diffusion coefficients determined in this work (stirred diffusion cell) are about 70% higher than that determined by DAM, and agree well with diffusion coefficients determined by FCS. Molecular weights determined by HPSEC are of the same magnitude as molecular weights derived from diffusion coefficients. Molecular weights determined by ultrafiltration vary considerably depending on the choice of membrane types. Membranes made of cellulose acetate generate results similar to results derived from diffusion coefficients. Membranes made of regenerated cellulose and polyether sulfone appear to retain too much of NOM, resulting in artificially high molecular weights. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Agder Univ Coll, Dept Nat Sci, N-4604 Kristiansand, Norway. Norwegian Forest Res Inst, N-1432 As, Norway. RP Egeberg, PK, Agder Univ Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Tordenskjolsgate 65,Servicebox 422, N-4604 Kristiansand, Norway. CR ALBERTS JJ, 1999, ENVIRON INT, V25, P237 ANDERSEN DO, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P266 BECKETT R, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P289 BUFFE J, 1990, COMPLEXATION REACTIO CAMERON RS, 1972, J SOIL SCI, V23, P394 DEHAAN H, 1972, FRESHWATER BIOL, V2, P235 EGEBERG PK, 1999, ENVIRON INT, V25, P225 EGEBERG PK, 2001, UNPUB ENV TECHNOL EIKENES M, 1998, THESIS U BERGEN NORW FETTIG J, 1999, ENVIRON INT, V25, P335 GJESSING ET, 1973, SCHWEIZ Z HYDROL, V35, P286 GJESSING ET, 1999, ENVIRON INT, V25, P145 LEAD JR, 1999, ENVIRON INT, V25, P245 MILLS R, 1968, DIAPHRAGM PELEKANI C, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2807 PELEKANI C, 2000, COMMUNICATION PEURAVUORI J, 1997, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V337, P133 RATNAWEERA H, 1999, ENVIRON INT, V25, P347 SONTHEIMER H, 1988, ACTIVATED CARBON WAT STAUB C, 1984, ANAL CHEM, V56, P2843 WAGONER DB, 1999, ENVIRON INT, V25, P275 WERSHAW RL, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI, P477 NR 22 TC 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 925 EP 932 PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 518QX UT ISI:000173680300013 ER PT J AU Jones, OAH Voulvoulis, N Lester, JN TI Human pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment - A review SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE pharmaceuticals; review; occurrence; fate; toxicity ID DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT; HOSPITAL WASTE-WATER; IN-GROUND WATER; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; SURFACE WATERS; CLOFIBRIC ACID; DRUG RESIDUES; BEHAVIOR; FATE AB There has beat increasing concern in recent years about the occurrence, fate and toxicity of pharmaceutical products in the aquatic environment. Many of the more commonly used drug groups (for example antibiotics) are used in quantities similar to those of pesticides and other organic micropollutants, but they are not required to undergo the same level of testing for possible environmental effects. The full extent and consequences of the presence of these compounds in the environment are therefore largely unknown and the issue as a whole is ill-defined. Although these compounds have been detected in a wide variety of environmental samples including sewage effluent, surface waters, groundwater and drinking water, their concentrations generally range from the low ppt to ppb levels. It is therefore often thought to be unlikely that pharmaceuticals will have a detrimental effect on the environment. However, the lack of validated analytical methods, limited monitoring data and the lack of information about the fate and toxicity of these compounds and/or their metabolites in the aquatic environment makes accurate risk assessments very difficult. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Environm Proc & Water Technol Grp, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Jones, OAH, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Environm Proc & Water Technol Grp, London SW7 2BP, England. CR *EU, 1994, III550494 EU AD HOC *EUR COMM, 2001, POLL URB WAST SEW SL *FDA CDER, 1995, GUID IND SUBM ENV AS AHERNE GW, 1984, P ROYAL SOC CHEM, V21, P177 AHERNE GW, 1985, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V9, P79 AHERNE GW, 1989, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V41, P735 AHERNE GW, 1990, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V42, P741 AKINGBEMI BT, 2001, ANN MED, V33, P391 ALOISI AM, 2001, NEUROSCI LETT, V310, P49 ARES ME, 1999, THESIS IMPERIAL COLL ASANO T, 2000, ABST PAPERS AM CHE 1, V222, P176 AYSCOUGH NJ, 2000, P390 ENV AG BELL RB, 1978, CAN J MICROBIOL, V24, P886 BUSER HR, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P188 BUSER HR, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3449 BUSER HR, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2529 CHRISTENSEN FM, 1998, REGUL TOXICOL PHARM, V28, P212 COOK MD, 1983, NZ J MAR FRESHWATER, V10, P391 DAUGHTON CG, 1999, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S6, V107, P907 DAUGHTON CG, 2000, ABST PAPERS AM CHEM, V219, P317 DESBROW C, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1549 ECKEL WP, 1993, GROUND WATER, V31, P801 FIELDING M, 1986, TR159 WRC FOSTER WG, 2001, WATER QUAL RES J CAN, V36, P253 GARCIAREYERO N, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P1152 GARRISON AW, 1976, IDENTIFICATION ANAL, P517 GARTISER R, 1994, INDUSTRIEABWASSER, V9, P1618 GIULIANI F, 1996, MUTAT RES-GENET TOX, V368, P49 GRABOW WOK, 1976, WATER RES, V10, P717 HALLINGSORENSEN B, 1998, CHEMOSPHERE, V36, P357 HARTMANN A, 1998, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V17, P377 HEBERER T, 1997, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V6, P438 HEBERER T, 1997, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V67, P113 HEBERER T, 1998, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V26, P272 HELLMER L, 1992, MUTAT RES, V272, P145 HENSCHEL KP, 1997, REGUL TOXICOL PHARM, V25, P220 HIGNITE C, 1977, LIFE SCI, V20, P337 HIRSCH R, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P109 HOLGATE G, ENV WASTE MANAG, V2, P247 HOLM JV, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P1415 IGUCHI T, 2001, HORM BEHAV, V40, P248 KUMMERER K, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P2705 KUMMERER K, 2001, CHEMOSPHERE, V45, P957 LAI KM, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3890 LAI KM, 2002, IN PRESS CRIT REV TE LANGE R, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P1216 LARSSON DGJ, 1999, AQUAT TOXICOL, V45, P91 MEAKINS NC, 1994, INT J ENVIRON POLLUT, V4, P27 RALOFF J, 1998, SCI NEWS, V153, P187 RICHARDSON ML, 1985, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V37, P1 ROGERS HR, 1996, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V185, P3 SACHER F, 2000, ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S, V219, P45 SCHMITT E, 2001, TOXICOL IN VITRO, V15, P433 STAN HJ, 1997, ANALUSIS, V25, M20 STEGERHARTMANN T, 1996, J CHROMATOGR A, V726, P179 STEGERHARTMANN T, 1997, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V36, P174 STEGERHARTMANN T, 1999, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V42, P274 STRYER L, 1996, BIOCHEMISTRY STUMPF M, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P135 TERNES T, 2000, ABST PAPERS AM CHEM, V219, P301 TERNES TA, 1998, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V362, P329 TERNES TA, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P3245 WAGGOTT A, CHEM WATER REUSE, P55 WATTS CD, 1983, ANAL ORGANIC MICROPO, P120 WEIGEL S, 2001, J CHROMATOGR A, V912, P151 YOON BO, 2001, ABST PAPERS AM CHE 1, V222, P178 ZWIENER C, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P1881 NR 67 TC 32 PU SELPER LTD, PUBLICATIONS DIV PI LONDON PA 79 RUSTHALL AVENUE, LONDON W4 1BN, ENGLAND SN 0959-3330 J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1383 EP 1394 PG 12 SC Environmental Sciences GA 516JH UT ISI:000173549800001 ER PT J AU Barber, LB Leenheer, JA Noyes, TI Stiles, EA TI Nature and transformation of dissolved organic matter in treatment wetlands SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; WASTE-WATER; WASTEWATERS; CALIFORNIA; EFFLUENTS; REMOVAL; CARBON AB This investigation into the occurrence, character, and transformation of dissolved organic matter(DOM) in treatment wetlands in the western United States shows that (i) the nature of DOM in the source water has a major influence on transformations that occur during treatment, (ii) the climate factors have a secondary effect on transformations, (ii!) the wetlands receiving treated wastewater can produce a not increase in DOM, and (iv) the hierarchical analytical approach used in this study can measure the subtle DOM transformations that occur. As wastewater treatment plant effluent passes through treatment wetlands, the DOM undergoes transformation to become more aromatic and oxygenated. Autochthonous sources are contributed to the DOM, the nature of which is governed by the developmental stage of the wetland system as well as vegetation patterns. Concentrations of specific waste water derived organic contaminants such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, caffeine, and ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid were significantly attenuated by wetland treatment and were not contributed by internal loading. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Barber, LB, US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. CR *E MUN WAT DISTR, 1994, MULT WETL PHAS 2 3 R *US EPA, 1988, 625188022 EPA, P83 *US EPA, 1993, EPA831R93005, P174 *US EPA, 1999, EPA832S99002 AIKEN G, 1993, CHEM ECOL, V8, P135 AIKEN GR, 1984, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V18, P978 AIKEN GR, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI, P692 BARBER LB, 1992, GROUNDWATER CONTAMIN, P73 BARBER LB, 1999, BUREAU RECLAMATION W, P101 BARBER LB, 2000, ACS SYM SER, V747, P97 CHIN YP, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1853 FIELD JA, 1992, ANAL CHEM, V64, P3161 GEARHEART RA, 1992, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V26, P1625 HAMMER DA, 1989, CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS, P856 HUFFMAN EWD, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI, P433 KADLEC RH, 1996, TREATMENT WETLANDS, P893 KARI FG, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P2814 KNIGHT RL, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P973 KRINGSTAD KP, 1984, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V18, P236 LEENHEER JA, 1979, WATER RESOUR INVEST, P16 LEENHEER JA, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P578 LEENHEER JA, 1984, WATER ANAL, V3, P83 LEENHEER JA, 1991, ORGANIC SUBSTANCES S, V1, P3 LEENHEER JA, 1994, ADV CHEM SER, V237, P195 LEENHEER JA, 2000, ACS SYM SER, V761, P68 MALCOLM RL, 1990, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V232, P19 MCKNIGHT DM, 1994, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V39, P1972 MOORE JA, 1992, P WETL SYST WAT POLL MOORE JA, 1995, P 7 INT S AGR FOOD P, P74 PINNEY ML, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P1897 ROSTAD CE, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P2703 SANTOS EBH, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P597 SARTORIS JJ, 2000, ECOL ENG, V14, P49 SCHAFFNER C, 1984, J CHROMATOGR, V312, P413 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1993, ENV ORGANIC CHEM, P681 SWISHER RD, 1987, SURFACTANT BIODEGRAD, P1085 TANNER CC, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P17 THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY, P497 WETZEL RG, 1992, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V229, P181 NR 39 TC 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 24 BP 4805 EP 4816 PG 12 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 502UF UT ISI:000172760600016 ER PT J AU Mauclaire, L Gibert, J TI Environmental determinants of bacterial activity and faunal assemblages in alluvial riverbank aquifers SO ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE groundwater; groundwater fauna; bacterial activity; DOC ID DEEP SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; RESPIRING BACTERIA; RHONE RIVER; GROUNDWATER; MICROFLORA; DIVERSITY; NUTRIENTS; EXCHANGE; ANIMALS AB Groundwater quality can be strongly influenced by the source of the water through the contributions of oxygen, organic, and inorganic materials. Microbial characteristics (abundance and activity) and faunal distribution were examined in groundwater collected from two aquifers that are characterized by different water sources. For both aquifers, water samples were collected from three wells at different depths, three times in the year. The two aquifers showed contrasting characteristics concerning hydrodynamic variables, carbon content and presence of electron acceptors (oxygen and nitrate). At the local scale, spatial variations were low compared to seasonal changes. The combination of five variables (aquifer transmissivity, temperature, oxygen, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and percentage of biodegradable DOC (BDOC)) accounted for 57 % of the variability in bacterial activity (expressed as the percentage of Electron Transport System active bacteria). The best multivariate linear regression model of faunal abundance accounted for 52 % of the variability with 5 significant variables (aquifer transmissivity, oxygen, DOC, redox, and pH). At the regional scale, the different water sources have consequences on spatial variations of chemical and biological water quality. C1 Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, ESA Hydrosyst Fluviaux 5023, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Terr Ecol, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. RP Mauclaire, L, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, ESA Hydrosyst Fluviaux 5023, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CR 1993, REV AGENCE EAU RMC, V28, P6 ALFREIDER A, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P832 BALKWILL DL, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V50, P580 BALKWILL DL, 1989, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V55, P1058 BALKWILL DL, 1989, GEOMICROBIOL J, V7, P33 BARLOCHER F, 1989, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V184, P61 BAVEYE P, 1998, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V28, P123 BODELLE J, 1988, EAU SOUTERRAINE FRAN BOISSIER JM, 1996, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V319, P65 BOURG ACM, 1992, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V13, P695 CHAPELLE FH, 1990, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V56, P1865 CHAPELLE FH, 1993, GROUND WATER MICROBI CLARET C, 1997, MICROBIAL ECOL, V34, P49 CLARET C, 1998, AQUAT SCI, V60, P33 DANIELOPOL DL, 1 INT C GROUND WAT E, V79, P92 DANIELOPOL DL, 1987, STYGOLOGIA, V3, P252 DANIELOPOL DL, 1994, GROUNDWATER ECOLOGY, P189 DANIELOPOL DL, 1997, GROUNDWATER SURFACE, P11 DANIELOPOL DL, 2000, ECOSY WORLD, V30, P481 DUMAS P, 2000, THESIS U P SABATIER DUMAS P, 2001, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V150, P511 EISENMANN HR, 1998, THESIS EAWAG ETH ZUR FISCHER H, 1996, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V137, P281 FRASER BG, 1997, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V54, P1135 FREDRICKSON JK, 1989, GEOMICROBIOL J, V7, P53 GARCIA B, 1994, ANN LIMNOL, V30, P67 GIBERT J, 1995, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V52, P2084 GIBERT J, 1998, PROC INT ASSOC THE 3, V26, P1027 GINET R, 1977, INITIATION BIOL ECOL GOUNOT AM, 1991, HYDROGEOLOGIE, V3, P249 GRISCHEK T, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P450 HARVEY RW, 1992, J CONTAM HYDROL, V9, P91 HENDRICKS SP, 1996, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V136, P467 HERVANT F, 1997, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V118, P1277 ILLE C, 1991, HYDROGEOLOGIE, V4, P283 KLEINBAUM DG, 1988, APPL REGRESSION ANAL LAFONT M, 1992, REGUL RIVER, V7, P65 MALARD F, 1997, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V138, P401 MALARD F, 1999, FRESHWATER BIOL, V41, P1 MARMONIER P, 1995, J N AMER BENTHOL SOC, V14, P382 MARXSEN J, 1988, MICROBIAL ECOL, V16, P65 MAUCLAIRE L, 1999, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V389, P141 MAUCLAIRE L, 2000, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V148, P85 PORTER KG, 1980, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V25, P943 RODRIGUEZ GG, 1992, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V58, P1801 ROUCH R, 1995, ANN LIMNOL, V31, P9 SCHALCHLI U, 1992, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V235, P189 SCHUBERT J, 1999, P INT RIV FILTR C LO, P39 SERVAIS P, 1987, WATER RES, V21, P445 SHIAH FK, 1994, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V103, P297 SINCLAIR JL, 1989, GEOMICROBIOL J, V7, P15 SINTON L, 1984, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V287, P11 TREMOLIERES M, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V254, P133 NR 53 TC 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0003-9136 J9 ARCH HYDROBIOL JI Arch. Hydrobiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 152 IS 3 BP 469 EP 487 PG 19 SC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 491LA UT ISI:000172108800007 ER PT J AU Nissinen, TK Miettinen, IT Martikainen, PJ Vartiainen, T TI Molecular size distribution of natural organic matter in raw and drinking waters SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE drinking water (DW); high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC); humic fractions; natural organic matter (NOM); TSK column ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACTIVATED CARBON; THM PRECURSORS; REMOVAL; CHLORINATION; FILTRATION; OZONATION; WEIGHT; FRACTIONATION AB The purpose of this study was to compare the molecular size distribution (MSD) of natural organic matter (NOM) in raw waters (RW) and drinking waters (DW), and to find out the differences between MSD after different water treatment processes. The MSD of NOM of 34 RW and DW of Finnish waterworks were determined with high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Six distinct fractions were generally separated from water samples with the TSK G3000SW column, using sodium acetate at pH 7 as an eluent. Large and intermediate humic fractions were the most dominant fractions in surface waters (lakes and rivers), while in artificially recharged groundwaters and natural groundwaters intermediate and small fractions predominated. Water treatment processes removed the two largest fractions almost completely shifting the MSD towards smaller molecular size in DW. Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration, ozonation, and their combination reduced all humic fractions compared to the conventional treatment. Humic fractions correlated with total organic carbon (TOC) content and chemical oxygen demand, this being especially true in RW. The results demonstrate that the HPSEC method can be applied for a qualitative and also for rough estimate quantitative analyzes of NOM directly from RW and DW samples without sample pretreatment. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Publ Hlth Inst, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland. Univ Kuopio, Dept Environm Sci, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. RP Nissinen, TK, Natl Publ Hlth Inst, POB 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland. CR *SFS, 1981, 3036 SFS, P5 AHO J, 1986, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V107, P301 AMY GL, 1992, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V84, P67 BECHER G, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P422 BECKETT R, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P289 BELLAR TA, 1974, J AM WATER, V66, P703 CHANG SD, 1991, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V83, P71 CHIN YP, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1853 CHRISTMAN RF, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P625 DEMPSEY BA, 1984, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V76, P141 EDZWALD JK, 1985, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V77, P122 ELREHAILI AM, 1987, WATER RES, V21, P573 HONGVE D, 1989, LECT NOTES EARTH SCI, P217 HUBER SA, 1991, ANAL CHEM, V63, P2122 HUBER SA, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1194 HUISMAN L, 1983, ARTIFICIAL GROUNDWAT KAINULAINEN T, 1994, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V30, P169 KAINULAINEN TK, 1995, OZONE-SCI ENG, V17, P449 KILDUFF JE, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P1336 KOOIJ D, 1992, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V84, P57 KORSHIN GV, 1996, WATER DISINFECTION N, P182 KRONBERG L, 1985, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V47, P343 LECHEVALLIER MW, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P857 MIETTINEN IT, 1997, CAN J MICROBIOL, V43, P1126 MILES CJ, 1983, J CHROMATOGR, V259, P499 MILLER JW, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P150 MYLLYKANGAS T, UNPUB OXIDATION AQUA NOWACK KO, 1999, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V91, P65 OWEN DM, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P46 PELEKANI C, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2807 PEURAVUORI J, 1989, LECT NOTES EARTH SCI, P123 RANDTKE SJ, 1988, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V80, P40 RECKHOW DA, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P1655 ROOK JJ, 1974, WATER TREAT EXAM, V23, P234 SHAW PJ, 1994, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V15, P753 SPECHT CH, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P2361 TAN L, 1991, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V83, P74 THURMAN EM, 1986, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY TUHKANEN TA, 1994, OZONE-SCI ENG, V16, P367 VARTIAINEN T, 1987, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V62, P75 VUORIO E, 1998, ENVIRON INT, V24, P617 NR 41 TC 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2001 VL 45 IS 6-7 BP 865 EP 873 PG 9 SC Environmental Sciences GA 481EV UT ISI:000171507700020 ER PT J AU Wu, FC Tanoue, E TI Isolation and partial characterization of dissolved copper-complexing ligands in streamwaters SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ION AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CATHODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; AMINO-ACIDS; ORGANIC-LIGANDS; NATURAL-WATERS; METAL-IONS; FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION; SELECTIVE ELECTRODE; ESTUARINE WATER; HUMIC MATERIALS AB We have separated two groups of copper-complexing ligands (the weak and strong ligands) from streamwaters in the Lake Biwa watershed by modified immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). The weak ligands were about 0.54-1.21% of the total dissolved organic matter (DOM), as determined by UV absorbance, and the strong ligands were about 0.06-0.21%. The results show that the stronger ligands were retained longer on the IMAC column, eluted later, and were accompanied by shorter wavelength UV absorbers, fluorescence maxima patterns with shorter wavelength excitation, and relatively "fresher" organic matter. The weak ligands with logK ' (CuL) values of 6.6-7.7 had predominant humic-like fluorescence and may have been considerably degraded, while stronger ligands with logK ' (CuL)values of 8.9-9.3 had only protein-like fluorescence and were relatively newly produced, labile material, as indicated from their amino acid composition. The protein-like fluorescence was mainly due to aromatic tryptophan probably bound to proteins or peptides. The results presented here have significant implications regarding the possible sources and biogeochemical role of organic ligands in aquatic environments. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Wu, FC, Trent Univ, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. 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Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 18 BP 3646 EP 3652 PG 7 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 473PW UT ISI:000171055400009 ER PT J AU Butler, JJ Zlotnik, VA Tsou, MS TI Drawdown and stream depletion produced by pumping in the vicinity of a partially penetrating stream SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID AQUIFERS; ISSUE; RIVER AB Commonly used analytical approaches for estimation of pumping-induced drawdown and stream depletion are based on a series of idealistic assumptions about the stream-aquifer system. A new solution has been developed for estimation of drawdown and stream depletion under conditions that are more representative of those in natural systems (finite width stream of shallow penetration adjoining an aquifer of limited lateral extent). This solution shows that the conventional assumption of a fully penetrating stream will lead to a significant overestimation of stream depletion (> 100%) in many practical applications. The degree of overestimation will depend on the value of the stream leakance parameter and the distance from the pumping well to the stream. Although leakance will increase with stream width, a very wide stream will not necessarily be well represented by a model of a fully penetrating stream. The impact of lateral boundaries depends upon the distance from the pumping wen to the stream and the stream leakance parameter. In most cases, aquifer width must be on the order of hundreds of stream widths before the assumption of a laterally infinite aquifer is appropriate for stream-depletion calculations. An important assumption underlying this solution is that stream-channel penetration is negligible relative to aquifer thickness. However, an approximate extension to the case of nonnegligible penetration provides reasonable results for the range of relative penetrations found in most natural systems (up to 85%). Since this solution allows consideration of a much wider range of conditions than existing analytical approaches, it could prove to be a valuable new tool for water management design and water rights adjudication purposes. C1 Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Butler, JJ, Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, 1930 Constant Ave,Campus West, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. CR BOCHEVER FM, 1966, P VODGEO, V13, P84 BOCHEVER FM, 1969, P DOKLADY ANSSSR FLU, V2, P300 BOCHEVER FM, 1978, WATER RESOURCES, P16 BOUWER H, 1997, RIVERS, V6, P19 BUTLER JJ, 1991, J HYDROL, V128, P69 BUTLER JJ, 1999, KANSAS GEOLOGICAL SU, V991 BUTLER JJ, 2000, 20008 KANS GEOL SURV CARNAHAN B, 1969, APPL NUMERICAL METHO CHEN HC, 1999, DECIS SUPPORT SYST, V27, P1 CONRAD LP, 1996, WATER RESOUR BULL, V32, P1209 GLOVER RE, 1954, EOS T AGU, V35, P468 GRIGORYEV VM, 1957, WATER SUPPLY SANITAT, V6, P110 HANTUSH MS, 1955, T AM GEOPHYSICAL UNI, V36, P95 HANTUSH MS, 1964, ADV HYDROSCI, V1, P281 HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 HARBAUGH AW, 1996, 96485 US GEOL SURV HUNT B, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P98 JENKINS CT, 1968, GROUND WATER, V6, P37 LARKIN RG, 1992, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V104, P1608 MIRONENKO VA, 1994, 34468 LBL U CAL BERK ROBINSON PD, 1968, FOURIER LAPLACE TRAN ROSENBEIN JS, 1988, HYDROGEOLOGY, P165 RUSHTON K, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P805 SOPHOCLEOUS M, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P579 SOPHOCLEOUS MA, 1988, J HYDROL, V98, P249 STEHFEST H, 1970, COMMUN ACM, V13, P47 THEIS CV, 1935, T AM GEOPHYS UNION, V16, P519 THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 ZLOTNIK VA, 1999, P WAT 99 C BRISB JUL, P221 NR 29 TC 13 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 651 EP 659 PG 9 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 468YC UT ISI:000170784900003 ER PT J AU Chen, XH TI Migration of induced-infiltrated stream water into nearby aquifers due to seasonal ground water withdrawal SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID DEPLETION AB Analysis of stream-aquifer interaction due to ground water extraction has traditionally focused on the determination of the amount of water depleted in the stream. Less attention has been paid to the movement of infiltrated stream water inside aquifer, particularly for agricultural areas. This paper presents a method of using particle-tracking techniques to evaluate the transport of the leaked stream water in the nearby aquifers. Simple stream-aquifer conditions are used to demonstrate the usefulness of the analysis. Travel times, pathlines, and influence zones of stream water were determined between a stream and nearby pumping wells for seasonal ground water extraction areas. When water quantity is a concern, the analyses provide additional information about stream depletion; when water quality is an issue, they offer information for wellhead protection. Analyses were conducted for transient conditions, and both pumping and nonpumping periods were considered. According to the results from the simulation examples, migration of infiltrated stream water into the nearby aquifers is generally slow and most infiltrated stream water does not arrive at the pumping well at the end of a 90-day irrigation season. Infiltrated stream water may remain in the aquifer for several years before arriving at the pumping well. For aquifers with a regional hydraulic gradient toward streams, part of the infiltrated stream water may discharge back to streams during a recovery period. C1 Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Chen, XH, Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. CR ANDERSON MP, 1992, APPL GROUND WATER MO CHEN HC, 1999, DECIS SUPPORT SYST, V27, P1 CHEN XH, 2001, J AM WATER RESOUR AS, V37, P185 CONRAD LP, 1996, WATER RESOUR BULL, V32, P1209 GLOVER RE, 1954, AM GEOPHYSICAL UNION, V35, P168 HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 HUNT B, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P98 JENKINS CT, 1968, GROUND WATER, V6, P37 LERNER DN, 1992, WATER RESOUR RES, V28, P2621 SOPHOCLEOUS M, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P579 THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 NR 12 TC 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 721 EP 728 PG 8 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 468YC UT ISI:000170784900011 ER PT J AU Xiao, XY McCalley, DV McEvoy, J TI Analysis of estrogens in river water and effluents using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-negative chemical ionisation mass spectrometry of the pentafluorobenzoyl derivatives SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE water analysis; environmental analysis; estrogens; steroids ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTE-WATER; HORMONES; METABOLISM; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB A procedure was developed for the analysis of estrogens in environmental water and effluents. Samples were extracted by passing through polymer-impregnated solid-phase extraction discs or C-18 cartridges. followed by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionisation mass spectrometry of the pentafluorobenzoyl derivatives. The derivatives were stable and gave diagnostic negative molecular ions as the base peak for each of the major estrogens studied. The absolute recovery of estrogens spiked into clean groundwater using the disc procedure was 84-116% at the 10 ng l(-1) level (calculation not based on use of internal standards). Using doubly deuterated estradiol as internal standard added prior to extraction, the % relative standard deviation of estrogen extraction and analysis in spiked groundwater at the 10 ng l(-1) level was 2.6-9.8%. Detection limits were 0.2 ng l(-1) or below for the major estrogens, based on a 2.5 litre sample. The most abundant estrogen was estrone, with concentrations over the range 6.4-29 ng l(-1) in effluents, and 0.2 to 17 ng l(-1) in water from the River Thames, (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ W England, Fac Sci Appl, Bristol BS16 1QY, Avon, England. Environm Agcy, Reading RG1 8DQ, Berks, England. RP McCalley, DV, Univ W England, Fac Sci Appl, Frenchay Campus,Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, Avon, England. 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A PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 923 IS 1-2 BP 195 EP 204 PG 10 SC Chemistry, Analytical; Biochemical Research Methods GA 458PM UT ISI:000170203800021 ER PT J AU Fox, P Narayanaswamy, K Genz, A Drewes, JE TI Water quality transformations during soil aquifer treatment at the Mesa Northwest Water Reclamation Plant, USA SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil aquifer treatment; dissolved organic carbon; groundwater; travel time ID GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; EFFLUENT; PROJECT AB Water quality transformations during soil aquifer treatment at the Mesa Northwest Water Reclamation Plant (NWWRP) were evaluated by sampling a network of groundwater monitoring wells located within the reclaimed water plume. The Mesa Northwest Water Reclamation Plant has used soil aquifer treatment (SAT) since it began operation in 1990 and the recovery of reclaimed water from the impacted groundwater has been minimal. Groundwater samples obtained represent travel times from several days to greater than five years. Samples were analyzed for a wide range of organic and inorganic constituents. Sulfate was used as a tracer to estimate travel times and define reclaimed water plume movement. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations were reduced to approximately 1 mg/L after 12 to 24 months of soil aquifer treatment with an applied DOC concentration from the NWWRP of 5 to 7 mg/L. The specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) increased during initial soil aquifer treatment on a time-scale of days and then decreased as longer term soil aquifer treatment removed UV absorbing compounds. The trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was a function of the dissolved organic carbon concentration and ranged from 50 to 65 mu gTHMFP/mgDOC. Analysis of trace organics revealed that the majority of trace organics were removed as DOC was removed with the exception of organic iodine. The majority of nitrogen was applied as nitrate-nitrogen and the reclaimed water plume had lower nitrate-nitrogen concentrations as compared to the background groundwater. The average dissolved organic carbon concentrations in the reclaimed water plume were less than 50% of the drinking water dissolved organic concentrations from which the reclaimed water originated. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Natl Ctr Sustainable Water Supply, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Water Qual Control, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. RP Fox, P, Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Natl Ctr Sustainable Water Supply, POB 875306, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. 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PY 2001 VL 43 IS 10 BP 343 EP 350 PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 450DH UT ISI:000169725900044 ER PT J AU Birch, GF Taylor, SE Matthai, C TI Small-scale spatial and temporal variance in the concentration of heavy metals in aquatic sediments: a review and some new concepts SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE small-scale spatial variance; small-scale temporal variance; field variance; heavy metals; aquatic sediments ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; COASTAL SEDIMENTS; SIZE FRACTIONS; TRACE-METALS; GRAIN-SIZE; SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SEVERN ESTUARY; RIVER ESTUARY; AUSTRALIA AB Uncertainty associated with data derived by the analyses of heavy metals in aquatic sediment is due to variance produced in the laboratory (precision), plus 'natural', small-scale spatial variance, (or field variance) at the sampling site. Precision is easily determined and is usually reported in contaminant studies, but field variance is poorly understood and seldom documented. It is important to have an understanding of the field variance because if small-scale spatial variance in the concentration of heavy metals is excessive, regional trends may be of limited value. Similarly, if temporal change is large, the results of single synoptic surveys may be questionable and the ability to demonstrate anthropogenic contributions over time will be difficult. However, it is evident from the literature that the information needed to address problems of spatial and temporal variance in the field is beyond the resources of most researchers. Analytical precision of about 5% relative standard deviation (RSD) for heavy metal analysis is typical of a well-managed laboratory. Many studies of small-scale spatial variability made during the current investigation indicate that field variance is related to ambient energy and to the type of sedimentological environment. Total variance (analytical plus field variance) is approximately 10% RSD (mean for a suite of nine trace elements) fur depositional parts of estuaries and the marine environment, but increases to about 20-35% RSD for the more dynamic parts of the estuarine environment and the fluvial system. Repeated sampling over periods of up to 7 years undertaken during the present study, indicate a similar order of magnitude for temporal variability in these sedimentological environments. A proposed scheme to provide information on field variance is to undertake small-scale spatial and temporal studies in discrete sedimentological environments in the study area after sediment sampling and characterisation has been completed. The comparatively large proportion of total variance associated with small-scale spatial and temporal variability in the field questions the often excessive cost and effort made in attempting minor reductions in analytical precision in contaminant investigations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Environm Geol Grp, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Birch, GF, Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Environm Geol Grp, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. 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Pollut. PY 2001 VL 113 IS 3 BP 357 EP 372 PG 16 SC Environmental Sciences GA 442EA UT ISI:000169271200013 ER PT J AU Connell, K Rodgers, CC Shank-Givens, HL Scheller, J Pope, ML Miller, K TI Building a better protozoa data set SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Information Collection Rule Supplemental Surveys (ICRSS) were designed to supplement the ICR with more reliable information on protozoa occurrence. The surveys benefitted from measures that were not part of the ICR, notably an improved protozoa detection method, an expanded quality control (QC) program, and a centralized sample control center. Based on analyses of data from the protozoa monitoring portion, the ICRSS have yielded measurable improvements in the quality of protozoa occurrence data available to support current rulemaking efforts. Compared with ICR results, ICRSS field sample data are characterized by higher detection rates and fewer potential false-positive results. Data from more than 400 source water QC samples analyzed during the surveys indicated mean Cryptosporidium recoveries of 43 percent and mean Giardia recoveries of 53 percent from field samples spiked with laboratory strains of these organisms. Results confirmed that the performance of methods 1622 and 1623 during monitoring of 87 US source waters was consistent with their anticipated performance, demonstrated through interlaboratory validation studies conducted before surveys began. C1 DynCorp I&ET, Biol Studies Grp, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Connell, K, DynCorp I&ET, Biol Studies Grp, 6101 Stevenson Ave, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. CR *USEPA, 1996, FED REGISTER, V61, P24354 *USEPA, 1999, 1622 USEPA ENG AN DI *USEPA, 1999, 1623 USEPA ENG AN DI *USEPA, 1999, 821R99001 USEPA EPA *USEPA, 1999, 821R99006 USEPA EPA *USEPA, 1999, MDBP STAK M STAT WOR *USEPA, 2000, ICR PROT DAT SET, V6 BUKHARI Z, 1998, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V64, P4495 CLANCY JL, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P89 CLANCY JL, 1999, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V91, P60 KLONICKI PT, 1997, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V89, P97 NR 11 TC 12 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 92 IS 10 BP 30 EP 43 PG 14 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 434VH UT ISI:000168836200013 ER PT J AU Bell-Ajy, K Abbaszadegan, M Ibrahim, E Verges, D LeChevallier, M TI Conventional and optimized coagulation for NOM removal SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED COAGULATION AB The evaluation of 16 sites with optimized coagulation (optimizing the pH of coagulation and then the coagulant dosage) provides an assessment of this coagulation technique and illustrates its capabilities to meet the requirements of the Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products (D/DBP) Rule. Jar tests were used to determine the effectiveness of optimized coagulation for the removal of organic carbon, DBP precursors, particles, and turbidity when supernatant results were compared with conventional (baseline) treatment. Jar-test results indicate that optimized coagulation can enhance the removal of organic carbon and DBP precursors. C1 Jordan Jones & Goulding, Atlanta, GA 30340 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. New Jersey Amer Water Co, Delran, NJ 08075 USA. Amer Water Works Serv Co Lab, Belleville, IL 62220 USA. Amer Water Works Co, Voorhees, NJ 08043 USA. RP Bell-Ajy, K, Jordan Jones & Goulding, 2000 Clearview Ave NE, Atlanta, GA 30340 USA. CR *USEPA, 1997, FED REG 1103, V62, P59388 *USEPA, 1998, FED REG 1216, V63, P69390 BELLAJY K, 155 AWWA CHENG RC, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P91 CROZES G, P 1994 AWWA ENH COAG CROZES G, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P78 EDZWALD JK, 1994 ENH COAG RES WO EDZWALD JK, 1990, P 4 GOTH S CHEM WAT GIANATASIO JM, P 1995 AWWA WQTC NEW HOOK MA, 1992, P 1992 AWWA WQTC TOR JULIEN F, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P2567 LIND CB, P 1995 AWWA ANN C AN PONTIUS FW, 1993, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V85, P22 RANDTKE SJ, P 1993 WORKSH NOM DR RANDTKE SJ, 1988, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V80, P40 TRYBY ME, P 1994 AWWA ENH COAG WHITE MC, 1997, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V89, P64 NR 17 TC 7 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 92 IS 10 BP 44 EP 58 PG 15 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 434VH UT ISI:000168836200014 ER PT J AU Kuehn, W Mueller, U TI Riverbank filtration - An overview SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Bank filtration is the process that occurs when river water passes through the river's banks and proceeds to the groundwater table. Natural riverbank filtration has long been recognized as a water treatment. Many substances present in surface water, such as natural organic matter or biodegradable micropollutants, are largely and in most cases completely removed by bank filtration. Furthermore, bank filtration is able to compensate for concentration or temperature peaks and provides protection against shock loads. Bank filtration is so effective in treating river water and offers so many additional benefits that it can replace or support treatment steps in a water plant. Although not widely used by utilities in the United States, bank filtration has been successfully practiced by German water providers for many years. Their experience indicates that bank filtration is a suitable technology for river water under certain conditions. Because it replaces or supports other treatment, bank filtration can help reduce costs for utilities using river water. Because it is a natural process, bank filtration wins support from consumers who want safe, but not highly treated, drinking water supplies. C1 DVGW Water Technol Ctr, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Kuehn, W, DVGW Water Technol Ctr, Karlsruher Str 84, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany. CR *BGW, 1996, ENTW OFF WASS DENECKE E, 1998, AUSWIRKUNG RHEINSANI FICHTNER S, 1995, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V353, P57 GERLACH M, 1998, THESIS U DUISBURG GE KUHN W, 1978, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V70, P326 LANGE FT, 1995, J HIGH RES CHROMATOG, V18, P243 MUELLER U, 1995, THESIS U KARLSRUHE G SACHER F, 1998, VOM WASSER, V90, P233 SACHER F, 1999, UNPUB SONTHEIMER H, 1978, J AWWA, V70, P393 SONTHEIMER H, 1980, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V72, P386 SONTHEIMER H, 1991, TRINKWASSER RHEIN NR 12 TC 16 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 92 IS 12 BP 60 EP + PG 11 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 434VK UT ISI:000168836400017 ER PT J AU Popkin, BP TI Article gives credence to Riverbank Filtration SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter NR 0 TC 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 3 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 434VN UT ISI:000168836700003 ER PT J AU Chang, EE Lin, YP Chiang, PC TI Effects of bromide on the formation of THMs and HAAs SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE bromide; chlorination; trihalomethanes; haloacetic acids ID ION; CHLORINATION; SPECIATION AB The role of bromide in the formation and speciation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during chlorination was investigated. The molal ratio of applied chlorine to bromide is an important factor in the formation and speciation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and halogenacetic acids (HAAs). A good relationship exists between the molar fractions of THMs and the bromide incorporation factor. The halogen substitution ability of HOBr and HOCl during the formation of THMs and HAAs can be determined based on probability theory. The formation of HAAs, and their respective concentrations. can also be estimated through use of the developed model. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Taipei Med Coll, Dept Biochem, Taipei 105, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Environm Engn, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Chang, EE, Taipei Med Coll, Dept Biochem, 250 Wu Hsing St, Taipei 105, Taiwan. CR 1998, FED REG *APHA, 1995, STAND METH EX WAT WA BIRD JC, 1979, THESIS U TENNESSEE K COWMAN GA, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P16 GOULD JP, 1983, WATER CHLORINATION E, V4 MORRIS JC, 1978, WATER CHLORINATION E, V3 NOKES CJ, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P3557 POURMOGHADDAS H, 1993, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V85, P82 REBHUN M, 1990, WATER CHLORINATION C, V6, P665 SHUKAIRY HM, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P71 SYMONS JM, 1993, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V85, P51 WONG GTF, 1977, WATER RES, V11, P971 NR 12 TC 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1029 EP 1034 PG 6 SC Environmental Sciences GA 430YY UT ISI:000168604100003 ER PT J AU Thang, NM Geckeis, H Kim, JI Beck, HP TI Application of the flow field flow fractionation (FFFF) to the characterization of aquatic humic colloids: evaluation and optimization of the method SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE flow-field flow fractionation; humic acid; fulvic acid; molecular weight distribution ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS; FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; IONIC-STRENGTH; FULVIC-ACIDS; SIZE; GROUNDWATER; SUBSTANCES; BEHAVIOR AB The flow field flow fractionation (FFFF) is applied to determine the aquatic humic colloid size distribution. In order to determine average molecular weights of various aquatic humic acids, a calibration is carried out by using sulfonated polystyrene (PSS) reference colloids. Some interference is found to be inherent to the FFFF-method. Considerable sorption of humic substances to equipment components is observed depending on the ionic strength and pH of given carrier medium, the kind of membrane covering the accumulation wall, and the cross-flow rate. The present study shows that the sample recovery can be optimized by selecting a carrier of low ionic strength and high pH (5 x 10(-3) mol l(-1) Tris-buffer; pH = 9.1) and using a regenerated cellulose membrane (cutoff: 5 kDa related to globular proteins). Under these low ionic strength conditions, the molecular weight calibration by using sulfonated polystyrene standards (PSS) is affected by 'overloading' effects originating from charge repulsive interaction of particles with one another and also with the accumulation wall. In general, the elution time of PSS decreases with increasing concentration. A correction for the 'overloading' effects is made by extrapolating the measured elution volumes to those obtained for infinitely low PSS concentrations where charge repulsion effects disappear. The molecular weight determined by this method for different aquatic humic substances is found to be in the range of 1.1-1.8 kDa for the number averaged molecular weight (M-n) and 1.8-4.1 kDa for the weight averaged molecular weight (M-w). Results are compared with the available literature data. Discrepancies can be explained to some extent by different reference colloids used in other studies for calibration. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Saarland, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. RP Geckeis, H, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CR ARTINGER R, 1998, EFFECTS HUMIC SUBSTA ARTINGER R, 1999, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V364, P737 BATZILL S, 1998, EUR PHYS J B, V1, P491 BECKETT R, INFLUENCES AQUATIC H, P65 BECKETT R, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P289 BECKETT R, 1992, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V13, P1129 BECKETT R, 1993, ENV PARTICLES, V2, P162 BUFFLE J, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P2169 CALDWELL KD, 1988, J APPL POLYM SCI, V36, P703 CLAPP E, 1989, HUMIC SUBSTANCES, V2, P498 DENOBILI M, 1989, HUMIC SUBSTANCES, V2, P562 DIERCKX A, COMMUNICATION DYCUS PJM, 1995, SEPAR SCI TECHNOL, V30, P1435 FINSY R, 1994, ADV COLLOID INTERFAC, V52, P79 GIDDINGS JC, 1977, ANAL BIOCHEM, V81, P395 HIGGO JV, 1998, EFFECTS HUMIC SUBSTA HOQUE E, UNPUB J CHROMATOGRA KIM JI, 1994, MRS BULL, V19, P47 LEAD JR, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P1365 LEAD JR, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P3508 LYVEN B, 1997, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V357, P187 MANH TN, 2000, ANAL CHEM, V72, P1 PELEKANI C, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P2807 RABUNG T, 1998, RADIOCHIM ACTA, V82, P243 RYAN JN, 1996, COLLOID SURFACE A, V107, P1 SCHIMPF ME, 1997, COLLOID SURFACE A, V120, P87 SCHMEIDE K, 1998, EFFECTS HUMIC SUBSTA SWIFT RS, 1989, HUMIC SUBSTANCES, V2, P449 TANAHATOE JJ, 1997, J PHYS CHEM B, V101, P10839 WIJNHOVEN JEGJ, 1995, J CHROMATOGR A, V699, P119 WOLF M, 1999, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V363, P596 YAU WW, 1979, MODERN SIZE EXCLUSIO ZHANG YJ, 1997, ENVIRON POLLUT, V96, P361 NR 33 TC 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 181 IS 1-3 BP 289 EP 301 PG 13 SC Chemistry, Physical GA 419UC UT ISI:000167966200028 ER PT J AU Rognerud, S Fjeld, E TI Trace element contamination of Norwegian lake sediments SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METALS; SOUTHERN NORWAY; HUMIC-ACID; FRESH; WATER; ACIDIFICATION; SORPTION; DEPOSITION; POLLUTION; HISTORY AB Concentrations of Sb, Hg, Bi, Cd, Mo, As, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, V, Ph acid Zn in surface and preindustrial sediments from 210 lakes in Norway were used for studying modern atmospheric depositions of these elements. Surface sediments had considerably higher concentrations of Sb, Hg, Si, Cd, As, Pb than preindustrial sediments. The differences decreased with latitude and altitude. A multivariate analysis including the trace elements and the major constituents (organic matter, Si, Al, Fe and Mn) of surface sediments suggested the following relationships: Sb, Hg, Bi, As, and Pb formed a group with strong associations to organic matter. Ni, Cr and Cu formed a second group, weakly associated to the inorganic sediment fraction (Si and Al). Zn and Cd formed a third group with weak associations to organic matter. Co was associated to Mn, whereas Mo and V showed no important covariations with any other trace elements or major components. C1 Norwegian Inst Water Res, N-2312 Ottestad, Norway. Norwegian Inst Water Res, N-0411 Oslo, Norway. RP Rognerud, S, Norwegian Inst Water Res, Sandvikaveien 41, N-2312 Ottestad, Norway. CR *UN ECE, 1998, ARH PROT CONV LONG L AMUNDSEN CE, 1992, ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN, V26, P1309 BENDELLYOUNG LI, 1992, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V56, P1175 BERG T, 1995, ENVIRON POLLUT, V88, P67 BERG T, 1997, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V208, P197 DEVITRE R, 1991, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V36, P1480 ELDAOUSHY F, 1983, ECOL B, V35, P57 FJELD E, 1994, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V51, P1708 FORSTNER U, 1979, METAL POLLUTION AQUA HAKANSON L, 1983, PRINCIPLES LAKE SEDI HAMILTONTAYLOR J, 1995, PHYSICS CHEM LAKES, P217 HELSEL DR, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P1766 JACKSON TA, 1997, ENV REV, V5, P99 JOHANSSON K, 1995, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V85, P779 KABATAPENDIAS A, 1984, TRACE ELEMENTS SOIL KERNDORFF H, 1980, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V44, P1701 KUHN A, 1993, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V38, P1052 LUCOTTE M, 1995, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V80, P467 MOK WM, 1994, ARSENIC ENV 1 MOREL FMM, 1993, PRINCIPLES APPL AQUA MUDROCH A, 1995, MANUAL AQUATIC SEDIM NELSON WO, 1991, ENVIRON POLLUT, V71, P91 NRIAGU JO, 1988, NATURE, V333, P134 OLENDRZYNSKI K, 1996, ENV REV, V4, P300 PACYNA JM, 1995, ENV REV, V3, P145 PILARSKI J, 1995, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V84, P51 RENBERG I, 1986, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V143, P379 RENBERG I, 2000, AMBIO, V29, P150 ROGNERUD S, 1993, 55293 NORW STAT POLL ROGNERUD S, 1993, AMBIO, V22, P206 ROGNERUD S, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P1512 ROGNERUD S, 1999, 75999 NORW I WAT RES ROGNERUD S, 2000, ENVIRON GEOL, V39, P723 ROYSETH O, 1996, MOSSES DEPOSITION ES RYABOSHAPKO A, 1999, 399 EMEP SANTSCHI PH, 1988, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V33, P848 SAUVE S, 2000, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V34, P1125 SCHINDLER DW, 1980, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V37, P373 SKJELKVALE BL, 2001, AMBIO, V30, P2 STUMM W, 1981, AQUATIC CHEM TESSIER A, 1993, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V38, P1 THANABALASINGAM P, 1986, ENVIRON POLLUT B, V12, P233 VONGUNTEN HR, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P2193 WATHNE BM, 1995, 16129 EUR COMM NR 44 TC 6 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD FEB PY 2001 VL 30 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 414UQ UT ISI:000167684900003 ER PT J AU Chen, XH Yin, YF TI Streamflow depletion: Modeling of reduced baseflow and induced stream infiltration from seasonally pumped wells SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE modeling; streamflow depletion; reduced baseflow; stream infiltration; anisotropic aquifer; baseflow ID AQUIFER AB Numerical modeling techniques are used to analyze streamflow depletion for stream-aquifer systems with baseflow. The analyses calculated two flow components generated by a pumping well located at a given distance from a river that is hydraulically connected to an unconfined aquifer. The two components are induced stream infiltration and reduced baseflow; both contribute to total streamflow depletion. Simulation results suggest that the induced infiltration, the volume of water discharged from the stream to the aquifer, has a shorter term impact on streamflow, while the reduced baseflow curves show a longer term effect. The peak impacts of the two hydrologic processes on streamflow occur separately. The separate analysis helps in understanding the hydrologic interactions between stream and aquifer. Practically, it provides useful information about contaminant transport from stream to aquifer when water quality is a concern, and for areas where water quantity is an issue, the separate analysis offers additional information to the development of water resource management plan. C1 Univ Nebraska, Conserv & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Chen, XH, Univ Nebraska, Conserv & Survey Div, 113 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. CR AYERS JF, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P325 CHEN XH, 1998, J AM WATER RESOUR AS, V34, P603 CHEN XH, 1999, GROUND WATER, V36, P845 CHEN XH, 1999, J ENVIRON SYST, V27, P55 CHEN XH, 1999, MODELING GROUNDWATER CONRAD LP, 1996, WATER RESOUR BULL, V32, P1209 FREEZE RA, 1979, GROUNDWATER GLOVER RE, 1954, AM GEOPHYSICAL UNION, V35, P168 HANTUSH MS, 1964, J GEOPHYS RES, V69, P2551 HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 HUNT B, 1999, GROUND WATER, V37, P98 MARIE JR, 1996, 2453 US GEOL SURV WA MCDONALD MG, 1988, MODULAR 3 DIMENSIONA, CHA1 SOPHOCLEOUS M, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P579 THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 TODD DK, 1980, GROUNDWATER HYDROLOG WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 YAGER RM, 1993, 2387 US GEOL SURV WA NR 18 TC 6 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR ASSOC JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 185 EP 195 PG 11 SC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 413UQ UT ISI:000167630300016 ER PT J AU Yoneda, M Morisawa, S Takine, N Fukuhara, S Takeuchi, H Hirano, T Takahashi, H Inoue, Y TI Groundwater deterioration caused by induced recharge: Field survey and verification of the deterioration mechanism by stochastic numerical simulation SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE deterioration; groundwater; induced recharge; mechanism; numerical simulation; river water; stochastic simulation ID CONDITIONAL PROBABILITIES; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; RIVER; INFILTRATION; FLOW; RN-222; STREAM; WATER AB Our field survey showed that the quality of shallow groundwater around the Katsura River in the Kyoto Basin was strongly affected by the infiltration of river water. Furthermore, that the deterioration of the groundwater in the southern area to the west of the Katsura River may be related to the increase in groundwater extraction. To clarify the mechanism of groundwater deterioration, we have developed a stochastic method to simulate groundwater flow. The results showed that there was a large reduction in the groundwater level where groundwater extraction was intense and recharge flowed from the Katsura River to the high extraction areas in the southern region. Another simulation showed that if the groundwater extraction was 10% of the present removal rate, there would be little recharge from the Katsura River into the groundwater and the quality of the groundwater would be improved. Thus, we conclude that the cause of groundwater deterioration is probably due to the induced recharge of deteriorated river water from the Katsura River. C1 Kyoto Univ, Dept Global Environm Engn, Kyoto, Japan. Fukui Univ Technol, Dept Construct, Fukui, Japan. RP Yoneda, M, Kyoto Univ, Dept Global Environm Engn, Kyoto, Japan. CR *AGR GROUNDW STUD, 1986, GROUNDW JAP *EAGJ, 1988, CHIK YOS TOU JITT CH AHEL M, 1991, B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX, V47, P586 BERTIN C, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P794 BROWN MJ, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P805 COSOVIC B, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P2921 DAGAN G, 1982, WATER RESOUR RES, V18, P813 DAGAN G, 1985, WATER RESOUR RES, V21, P65 DRIESCHER E, 1993, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V28, P337 FREEZE RA, 1975, WATER RESOUR RES, V11, P725 HOEHN E, 1989, WATER RESOUR RESEAR, V25, P1798 HONMMA Y, 1977, J RADIOANAL CHEM, V36, P173 JOURNEL AG, 1978, MINING GEOSTATISTICS KITANIDIS PK, 1985, J HYDROL, V79, P53 SQUILLACE PJ, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P538 TREMOLIERES M, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V254, P133 VONGUNTEN HR, 1986, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V29, P333 VONGUNTEN HR, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P3597 YONEDA M, 1986, P 30 JAP C HYDR, P295 YONEDA M, 1994, J HYDROL, V155, P199 NR 20 TC 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLLUT JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD APR PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1-4 BP 125 EP 156 PG 32 SC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 409AP UT ISI:000167362600008 ER PT J AU Alborzfar, M Villumsen, A Gron, C TI Artificial recharge of humic ground water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; SUBSTANCES; REMOVAL AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of soil in removing natural organic matter from humic ground waters using artificial recharge. The study site, in western Denmark, was a 10 000 m(2) football held of which 2000 m(2) served as an infiltration held. The impact of the artificial recharge was studied by monitoring the water level and the quality of the underlying shallow aquifer, The humic ground water contained mainly humic acids with an organic carbon (OC) concentration of 100 to 200 mg C L-1. A total of 5000 m(3) of humic ground water were sprinkled onto the infiltration field at an average rate of 4.25 mm h(-1). This resulted in a rise in the water table of the shallow aquifer, The organic matter concentration of the water in the shallow aquifer, however, remained below 2.7 mg C L-1. The organic matter concentration of the pore water in the unsaturated zone was measured at the end of the experiment. The organic matter concentration of the pore water decreased from 105 mg C L-1 at 0.5 m to 20 mg C L (1) at 2.5 m under the infiltration field indicating that the soil removed the organic matter from the humic ground water, From these results we conclude that artificial recharge is a possible method for humic ground water treatment. C1 DHI Water & Environm, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Geol & Geotech Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Gron, C, DHI Water & Environm, Agern Alle 11, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. CR ALBORZFAR M, 1994, ENVIRON INT, V20, P411 ALBORZFAR M, 1996, THESIS TECHNICAL U D ALBORZFAR M, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P2983 BEIER C, 1992, J SOIL SCI, V43, P261 BOUWER H, 1985, ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE, P249 BOUWER H, 1994, PREC COURS GROUND WA CAUGHEY ME, 1995, ENVIRON GEOL, V26, P211 CHRISTENSEN JB, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P125 CLESCERI LS, 1989, STANDARD METHODS EXA DEJONG HG, 1994, P 2 INT S ART RECH O GRIFFITHS DH, 1981, APPL GEOPHYSICS GEOL GRON C, 1989, VANDTEKNIK, V75, P207 GRON C, 1991, LECT NOTES 40 COURSE GRON C, 1996, ENVIRON INT, V22, P519 KANAREK A, 1996, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V34, P227 KARIMI AA, 1998, GROUND WATER MONIT R, V18, P150 KJELDSEN P, 1991, P3 LAB TEKN HYG DANM KNUDSEN J, 1987, VANDTEKNIK, V55, P191 KROG M, 1994, THESIS U AARHUS DENM KROG M, 1995, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V172, P159 LAZARUS AL, 1965, TECH S MED NEW YORK PIET GJ, 1980, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V72, P400 SONTHEIMER H, 1980, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V72, P386 STUMM W, 1981, AQUATIC CHEM INTRO TAN L, 1991, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V83, P74 TAN L, 1992, J AWWA, V84, P79 VILLUMSEN A, 1993, INFILTRATION OVERFLA VILLUMSEN A, 1994, ATV KOMITEEN VEDR GR WALTON WC, 1991, PRINCIPLES GROUNDWAT WILSON LG, 1995, ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE, P529 NR 30 TC 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 30 IS 1 BP 200 EP 209 PG 10 SC Environmental Sciences GA 396RB UT ISI:000166649400025 ER PT J AU Lai, KM Johnson, KL Scrimshaw, MD Lester, JN TI Binding of waterborne steroid estrogens to solid phases in river and estuarine systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; POND SOUTHERN GERMANY; ORGANIC-CARBON; STW EFFLUENT; SORPTION; SEDIMENTS; SOILS; IDENTIFICATION; PESTICIDES; CHEMICALS AB Natural and synthetic steroid estrogens have been detected in sewage treatment work effluents discharged into rivers. An understanding of the partitioning of these estrogens between water and sediment is critical for the prediction of their fates in river systems. Hence, a series of experiments was conducted to ascertain the effects of differing environmental conditions on estrogen partitioning to sediment. Fugacity level 1 (sediment phase) output data demonstrated a good correlation with removal of estrogens from the water phase. Synthetic estrogens, with their higher K-ow values, were removed more readily from the water phase than the natural estrogens. Maximum sorption to the sediment phase was attained after 1 h of shaking. At higher estrogen concentrations, there was a decrease in estrogen removal, while higher levels of sediment induced greater removal. The sorption of estrogen to sediments correlated with total organic carbon content. However, the presence of organic carbon was not a prerequisite for sorption. Iron oxide alone was demonstrated to have a sorption capacity of 40% of that of a sediment containing 1.1% total organic carbon. Laboratory saline water was found to increase estrogen removal from the water phase which was found to be consistent with partitioning experiments using actual field water samples. The addition of estradiol valerate, a synthetic estrogen with a particularly high K-ow, suppressed sorption of other estrogens suggesting that it competed with the other compounds for binding sites. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, TH Huxley Sch Environm Earth Sci & Engn, Environm Proc & Water Technol Grp, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Lester, JN, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, TH Huxley Sch Environm Earth Sci & Engn, Environm Proc & Water Technol Grp, London SW7 2BP, England. CR *SCI COMM TOX EC E, 1999, CSTEE OP HUM WILDL H, P40 *US EPA, 1997, EPA630R96012, P59 BANERJEE S, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P2855 BELFROID AC, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P101 CHESSELLS M, 1992, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V23, P260 DESBROW C, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1549 GAO JP, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P1662 GAO JP, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P2089 JOHNSON AC, 1998, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V210, P271 JURGENS MD, 1999, FATE BEHAV STEROID O KARICKHOFF SW, 1981, CHEMOSPHERE, V10, P833 MACKAY D, 1991, MULTIMEDIA ENV MODEL MCGINLEY PM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P1524 MCLUSKY DS, 1981, ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM, P12 MEANS JC, 1980, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V14, P1542 MEANS JC, 1982, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V16, P93 MEYLAN WM, 1995, J PHARM SCI, V84, P83 NORPOTH K, 1973, ZBL BAKT HYG B, V156, P500 ROUTLEDGE EJ, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1559 SCHWEINFURTH H, 1996, OESTROGENIC CHEM ENV STUMM W, 1992, CHEM SOLID WATER INT, P13 TABAK HH, 1981, DEV IND MICROBIOL, V22, P497 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P81 TERNES TA, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V225, P91 TURAN A, 1996, ENDOCRINICALLY ACTIV, P15 NR 25 TC 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 18 BP 3890 EP 3894 PG 5 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 354DY UT ISI:000089315600010 ER PT J AU Carroll, T King, S Gray, SR Bolto, BA Booker, NA TI The fouling of microfiltration membranes by NOM after coagulation treatment SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fouling; microfiltration; natural organic matter ID HUMIC-ACID; ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES; ORGANIC-MATTER; ADSORPTION; FILTRATION; REMOVAL AB Microfiltration membranes used in drinking-water treatment are fouled by both colloidal material and natural organic matter (NOM) present in the raw water. The relative importance of these contributions to fouling may depend on whether or not the water is pretreated before microfiltration, and on the type and extent of any pretreatment. In this study, the causes of fouling were determined for microfiltration of a surface water through a polypropylene hollow-fibre membrane. Fouling was caused by colloidal material when the raw water was filtered untreated, and by NOM when the raw water was coagulated before filtration. The components of NOM which cause fouling of microfiltration membranes are not yet well-established, and were also investigated in this study. NOM from the raw water was fractionated into four specific classes of compounds on the basis of hydrophobicity and charge. The rates of fouling by each NOM fraction were measured separately. The major contribution to Fouling was attributed to the NOM fraction comprising small, neutral, hydrophilic compounds. The NOM fractions comprising humic and fulvic acids made only a minor contribution to fouling. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIRO Mol Sci, Clayton S, Vic 3169, Australia. RP Carroll, T, CSIRO Mol Sci, Bag 10, Clayton S, Vic 3169, Australia. CR AIKEN GR, 1992, ORG GEOCHEM, V18, P567 BOLTO B, 1999, P IAWQ IWSA INT C RE, P81 BOLTO BA, 1998, CHEM WATER WASTEWATE, V5, P171 BOSE P, 1993, P AWWA ANN C SAN ANT, P417 CARROLL TJ, 2000, IN PRESS J MEMB SCI CROUE JP, 1993, P NAT ORG MATT DRINK, P73 CROUE JP, 1999, P AWWA 18 FED CONV A CROZES G, 1993, J MEMBRANE SCI, V84, P61 CROZES G, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P78 DRYFUSE MJ, 1995, P AWWA ANN C AN CAL, P217 FAIBISH RS, 1998, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V204, P77 JUCKER C, 1994, J MEMBRANE SCI, V97, P37 KORSHIN GV, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P1643 LAHOUSSINETURCA.V, 1990, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V82, P76 LAINE JM, 1989, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V81, P61 MACCORMICK AB, 1995, MODERN TECHNIQUES WA, P45 MCCABE WL, 1993, UNIT OPERATIONS CHEM, P1016 MEAGHER L, 1996, COLLOID SURFACE A, V106, P63 NYSTROM M, 1996, DESALINATION, V106, P79 OWEN DM, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P46 PONTIUS FW, 1993, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V85, P22 ROOK JJ, 1974, WATER TREAT EXAM, V23, P234 SINGER P, 1993, P AM WAT WORKS ASS W, P1 SINSABAUGH RL, 1986, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V78, P74 STEVENSON FJ, 1994, HUMUS CHEM GENESIS C, P285 VICKERS JC, 1995, DESALINATION, V102, P57 WEISNER MR, 1996, WATER TREATMENT MEMB WHITE MC, 1997, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V89, P64 WIESNER MR, 1996, WATER TREATMENT MEMB YOON SH, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P2180 YUAN W, 1999, J MEMBRANE SCI, V157, P1 NR 31 TC 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2861 EP 2868 PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 323BA UT ISI:000087543900002 ER PT J AU Rognerud, S Hongve, D Fjeld, E Ottesen, RT TI Trace metal concentrations in lake and overbank sediments in southern Norway SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trace metals; lake sediments; overbank sediments; geochemical mapping ID REGIONAL GEOCHEMICAL DATA; ORGANIC-MATTER; FOREST FLOOR; HEAVY-METALS; LEAD; DEPOSITION; LABRADOR; MERCURY; ELEMENTS; CANADA AB As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, Se and Zn concentrations were determined and compared in lake and overbank sediments from 33 catchments without local pollution sources in southern Norway. There were no significant differences in concentrations of Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and V in overbank and pre-industrial lake sediments. In areas with shallow overburden, and significant influence from long-range atmospheric pollution, concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Se, and Zn in overbank sediments were probably modified by vertical percolating water. In such areas, we suggest using lake sediments as a better sampling medium for mapping pre-industrial concentrations. Pre-industrial lake sediments yield natural concentrations of Hg and Se, which consist of both geogenic and natural atmospheric deposition. Important covariables like organic carbon content, Fe oxides, and fine mineral fraction were generally higher in preindustrial lake sediments as compared to overbank sediments. By adjusting for such differences overbank sediments could be used as an alternative in mapping background concentrations of trace metals in regions with few lakes. C1 Norwegian Inst Water Res, N-2312 Ottestad, Norway. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. Norwegian Inst Water Res, N-0411 Oslo, Norway. Geol Survey Norway, N-7004 Trondheim, Norway. RP Rognerud, S, Norwegian Inst Water Res, Sandvikavelen 41, N-2312 Ottestad, Norway. CR *NORD COUNC MIN, 1993, 11 NORD COUNC MIN BERG T, 1994, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V31, P259 BERG T, 1997, ENVIRON POLLUT, V98, P61 BERGKVIST B, 1989, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V47, P217 BERTHELSEN BO, 1995, J ENVIRON QUAL, V24, P1018 BOLVIKEN B, 1990, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V39, P49 BORG H, 1989, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V47, P427 BRUNDIN L, 1949, 30 I FRESHW RES DROT COKER WB, 1979, GEOL SURV CAN EC GEO, V31, P435 DAVENPORT PH, 1990, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V39, P117 DAVENPORT PH, 1993, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V49, P177 DEGROOT AJ, 1982, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V92, P689 DEVOS W, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V56, P91 DRISCOLL CT, 1994, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY SMAL, P299 EDEN P, 1994, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V51, P265 FJELD E, 1994, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V51, P1708 FRIEDLAND AJ, 1992, AMBIO, V21, P400 GARRETT RG, 1990, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V39, P91 GUSTAFSSON JP, 1992, J SOIL SCI, V43, P461 HAKANSON L, 1983, PRINCIPLES LAKE SEDI HAMILTONTAYLOR J, 1995, PHYSICS CHEM LAKES, P217 HEINRICHS H, 1980, J ENVIRON QUAL, V9, P111 HENRIKSEN A, 1986, WATER QUAL B, V11, P1 JACKSON TA, 1980, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V37, P387 JOHANSSON K, 1985, VERH INT VEREIN LIMN, V22, P2359 JOHANSSON K, 1994, MERCURY POLLUTION IN, P323 KABATAPENDIAS A, 1984, TRACE ELEMENTS SOILS KALBITZ K, 1998, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V209, P27 KERR A, 1990, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V39, P225 LANGEDAL M, 1997, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V58, P157 LORING DH, 1976, CAN J EARTH SCI, V13, P960 LOUCHOUARN P, 1993, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V50, P269 MACKLIN MG, 1994, APPL GEOCHEM, V9, P689 MCCARTHY JF, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P496 MOSHER BW, 1987, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V92, P13289 MUDROCH A, 1995, MANUAL AQUATIC SEDIM NATER EA, 1992, NATURE, V358, P139 NORTON SA, 1992, NC150 USDA FOR SERV OTTESEN RT, 1989, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V32, P257 OYEN O, 1990, 90015 NORW GEOL SURV PACYNA JM, 1995, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V160, P39 PAINTER S, 1994, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V51, P213 RENBERG I, 1994, NATURE, V368, P323 ROGNERUD S, 1993, AMBIO, V22, P206 ROGNERUD S, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P1512 ROWAN DJ, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P1431 SALOMONS W, 1984, METALS HYDROCYCLE SANTSCHI PH, 1988, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V33, P848 SHEN XC, 1995, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V55, P231 SICCAMA TG, 1980, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V14, P54 SKJELKVALE BL, 1996, 345796 NORW I WAT RE SLEMR F, 1992, NATURE, V355, P434 SPARKS DL, 1995, ENV SOIL CHEM STEINNES E, 1995, ANALYST, V120, P1479 STUMM W, 1995, PHYSICS CHEM LAKES, P185 SWAIN EB, 1992, SCIENCE, V257, P784 SWENNEN R, 1998, J GEOCHEM EXPLORE, V62, P97 TERBRAAK CJF, 1988, ADV ECOL RES, V18, P271 TORSETH K, 1995, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V85, P623 TURNER RS, 1985, J ENVIRON QUAL, V14, P305 WHITE JR, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P1182 NR 61 TC 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 39 IS 7 BP 723 EP 732 PG 10 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 323BY UT ISI:000087546000002 ER PT J AU Kalbitz, K Solinger, S Park, JH Michalzik, B Matzner, E TI Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils: A review SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE dissolved organic matter (DOM); dissolved organic carbon (DOC); dissolved organic nitrogen (DON); dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP); soils; controls ID ACID FOREST SOILS; CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL SOILS; WHEAT STRAW DECOMPOSITION; SANDY PRAIRIE SOIL; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CARBON CONCENTRATIONS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; CONIFEROUS FOREST; STREAM WATER AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soils plays an important role in the biogeochemistry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, in pedogenesis, and in the transport of pollutants in soils. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent literature about controls on DOM concentrations and fluxes in soils. We focus on comparing results between laboratory and field investigations and on the differences between the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and phosphorus (DOP). Both laboratory and field studies show that litter and humus are the most important DOM sources in soils. However, it is impossible to quantify the individual contributions of each of these sources to DOM release. In addition, it is not clear how changes in the pool sizes of litter or humus may affect DOM release. High microbial activity, high fungal abundance, and any conditions that enhance mineralization all promote high DOM concentrations. However, under field conditions, hydrologic variability in soil horizons with high carbon contents may be more important than biotic controls. In subsoil horizons with low carbon contents, DOM may be adsorbed strongly to mineral surfaces, resulting in low DOM concentrations in the soil solution. There are strong indications that microbial degradation of DOM also controls the fate of DOM in the soil. Laboratory experiments on controls of DOM dynamics have often contradicted field observations, primarily because hydrology has not been taken into account. For example, laboratory findings on the effects of plant species (conifer vs. deciduous) on DOM release from forest floors and on the effects of substrate quality (e.g.: C/N ratio) or pH on DOC concentrations were often not confirmed in field studies. The high adsorption capacity of soil clay minerals and oxides for DOM shown in laboratory studies may not control the transport of DOM in soils in the field if macropore fluxes dominate under field conditions. Laboratory findings about the biodegradability of DOM also await verification under field conditions. Studies that include DON and DOP dynamics in addition to DOC are few. The rate of release and the fate of DOG, DON, and DOP in soils may differ to a far greater extent than previously assumed. Controls established for DOC might thus be not valid for DON and DOP. Despite intensive research in the last decade, our knowledge of the formation and fate of DOM in soils and its response to changing environmental conditions is still fragmented and often inconsistent. Predictions at the field scale are still very uncertain, and most of the information available today is the result of studies on temperate soils and forest ecosystems. Thus, future research on controls of DOM dynamics should be extended to soils under different land uses and in other climate zones. Emphasis should also be given to: (i) the effects of soil organic matter properties on the release of DOM (ii) environmental factors controlling DOM quantity and quality (iii) the assessment of biological versus physico-chemical controls on the release and retention of DOM in soils, and (iv) the differences between DOG, DON, and DOP. Finally, if our goal is to predict DOM concentrations and fluxes in soils, future research on the controls of DOM dynamics should have a strong focus on field studies. C1 Univ Bayreuth, BITOK, Inst Terr Ecosyst Res, Dept Soil Ecol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Kalbitz, K, Univ Bayreuth, BITOK, Inst Terr Ecosyst Res, Dept Soil Ecol, Dr Hans Frisch Str 1-3, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. 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ZABOWSKI D, 1990, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V54, P1130 ZECH W, 1994, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V152, P49 ZECH W, 1996, HUMIC SUBSTANCES TER, P101 ZOUNGRANA CJ, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P1743 ZSOLNAY A, 1991, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V23, P1077 ZSOLNAY A, 1994, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V26, P1257 ZSOLNAY A, 1996, HUMIC SUBSTANCES TER, P171 ZSOLNAY A, 1999, CHEMOSPHERE, V38, P45 NR 237 TC 125 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 4 BP 277 EP 304 PG 28 SC Agriculture, Soil Science GA 309MY UT ISI:000086772600001 ER PT J AU Kaiser, K Haumaier, L Zech, W TI The sorption of organic matter in soils as affected by the nature of soil carbon SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic matter; sorption; soil organic carbon; black carbon ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FOREST SOIL; ADSORPTION; ACIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; NMR; FRACTIONS; CHEMISTRY; C-13-NMR AB Recent studies have shown that soil organic carbon (OC) may either hinder or favor the sorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soils. Our concept was that the nature of soil OC determines these contrasting findings. To test this hypothesis, we compared the DOM sorption in soils with OC derived from biomass decomposition with that in soils with OC more likely derived from charred materials (black carbon). All the mineral soil samples in the study were from Spodosols, and the DOM was from an aqueous extract of a mor forest floor layer. Sorption was determined in batch experiments. The sorption in soils that contain large amounts of black carbon was, in general, less than the sorption in soils with decomposition-derived OC, When the DOM sorption parameters of the soils were correlated to the OC content, the black carbon soils showed a positive effect of the OC content on the DOM sorption, In the soils lacking the features of black carbon residues, the DOM sorption was negatively influenced by OC, These results lead us to assume that the nature of soil OC is a soil property that needs to be considered in the DOM sorption of soils, especially when soils have large amounts of highly aromatic OC. C1 Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Kaiser, K, Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, POB 101251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. 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PD APR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 4 BP 305 EP 313 PG 9 SC Agriculture, Soil Science GA 309MY UT ISI:000086772600002 ER PT J AU Trettin, R Grischek, T Strauch, G Mallen, G Nestler, W TI The suitability and usage of O-18 and chloride as natural tracers for bank filtrate at the middle River Elbe SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article DE chloride; groundwater; natural tracers; oxygen 18; riverbank filtration; River Elbe ID WATER INFILTRATION; GROUNDWATER; RHINE AB Flow times and infiltration behaviour are very important for water extraction from riverbank filtration. Both the chloride content and the isotopic composition of oxygen (delta(18)O) were found to be suitable indicators for the conditions encountered in the middle course of the River Elbe near Torgau. The ranges for Elbe water were measured to be 20-43 mg Cl/l (1995-97) and -11 to -8.5 parts per thousand delta(18)O (1993-97). Both methods permitted flow-time spectra at two adjacent sampling profiles incorporating river and production wells to be obtained, indicating the preferred flow paths and the vertical extension of the riverbank filtrate plume in the aquifer. However, since the differences between the mean values for river water and regional groundwater were too small the percentage of river water abstracted from production wells could not be calculated. C1 UFZ Ctr Environm Res Leipzig Halle, Dept Hydrogeol, D-06120 Halle, Germany. Dresden Univ Technol, Inst Water Chem, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Coll Sci & Tech, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. RP Trettin, R, UFZ Ctr Environm Res Leipzig Halle, Dept Hydrol, Theodor Lieser Str 4, D-06120 Halle, Germany. 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PY 1999 VL 35 IS 4 BP 331 EP 350 PG 20 SC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences GA 309ZC UT ISI:000086798600003 ER PT J AU Westerhoff, P Pinney, M TI Dissolved organic carbon transformations during laboratory-scale groundwater recharge using lagoon-treated wastewater SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic carbon; aerated lagoon; groundwater recharge ID SOIL AQUIFER TREATMENT; WATER; INFILTRATION AB Reuse of treated wastewater through groundwater recharge has emerged as an integral part of water and wastewater management in arid regions of the world, Aerated-lagoon wastewater treatment followed by surface infiltration offers a simple low-tech, low-cost treatment option for developing countries. This study investigated the fate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through laboratory-scale soil aquifer treatment (SAT) soil columns over a 64-week period. Aerated-lagoon wastewater (average DOC = 17 mg/l) and two soils were collected near the USA/Mexico border near Nogales, AZ. Laboratory-scale SAT columns exhibited three phases of 'aging' where infiltration rates and DOC removals were delineated. DOC removal ranged from 39% to greater than 70% during the study, with DOC levels averaging 3.7 and 5.8 mg/l for the SAT columns packed with different soils. Soil with a higher fraction of organic carbon content had higher effluent DOC levels, presumably due to leaching of soil organic matter. UV absorbance data indicated preferential biodegradation removal of low molecular weight, low aromatic DOC. Overall, SAT, reduced the potential towards forming trihalomethanes (THMs) during disinfection, although the reactivity (mu g THM/mg DOC) increased. SAT and groundwater recharge would provide a high degree of DOC removal in an integrated low-tech wastewater reuse management strategy, especially for developing countries in arid regions of the world. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Burgess & Niple Inc, Project Engn, Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA. RP Westerhoff, P, Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 5306,Engn Ctr Room ECG252, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. 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PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 275YL UT ISI:000084847800007 ER PT J AU Lee, HB TI Review of analytical methods for the determination of nonylphenol and related compounds in environmental samples SO WATER QUALITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CANADA LA English DT Review DE nonylphenol ethoxylates; nonylphenol; octylphenol; determination; environmental samples ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; LINEAR ALKYLBENZENESULFONATES AB Analytical methods published in the last 20 years for the extraction, chromatographic separation, and quantification of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) and related compounds in environmental samples are reviewed. Examples of various isolation and preconcentration techniques for water, effluent, sediment and sludge are presented. This includes procedures from the classical liquid-liquid and Soxhlet extraction to the up-to-date solid phase and supercritical fluid extraction. Chromatographic separation of APEO by normal and reversed phase liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary column gas chromatography (GC) is compared. A variety of quantification methods involving the common LC and GC detectors as well as various mass spectrometric techniques are also discussed. C1 Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Branch, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Lee, HB, Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Branch, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. CR 1989, CANADA GAZETTE 1, P543 1995, CANADA GAZETTE 1, P4238 *ENV CAN, 1997, ENV PROT SER *GOV CAN, 1988, ACT RESP PROT ENV HU, P1 *MIN EXP ADV PAN, 1995, REP MIN EXP ADV PAN ABOULKASSIM TA, 1993, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V23, P325 AHEL M, 1985, ANAL CHEM, V57, P1577 AHEL M, 1985, ANAL CHEM, V57, P2584 AHEL M, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P697 AHEL M, 1993, CHEMOSPHERE, V26, P1461 AHEL M, 1993, CHEMOSPHERE, V26, P1471 AHEL M, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1131 AHEL M, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1143 AHEL M, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P37 ANGHEL DF, 1994, J CHROMATOGR A, V668, P375 BALL HA, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P951 BENNIE DT, 1997, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V193, P263 BENNIE DT, 1998, WATER QUAL RES J CAN, V33, P231 BHATT BD, 1992, J CHROMATOGR SCI, V30, P203 BLACKBURN MA, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P1623 BOYDBOLAND AA, 1996, ANAL CHEM, V68, P1521 BRUNNER PH, 1988, WATER RES, V22, P1465 CHALAUX N, 1994, J CHROMATOGR A, V686, P275 CHEE KK, 1996, J MICROCOLUMN SEP, V8, P29 CLARK LB, 1992, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V47, P167 CRATHORNE B, 1984, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V18, P792 CRESCENZI C, 1995, ANAL CHEM, V67, P1797 DESBENE PL, 1994, J CHROMATOGR A, V661, P207 DICORCIA A, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P850 FIELD JA, 1992, ANAL CHEM, V64, P3161 FIELD JA, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P3544 GIGER W, 1981, CHEMOSPHERE, V10, P1253 GIGER W, 1984, SCIENCE, V225, P623 HE Y, 1996, J CHROMATOGR A, V749, P227 HEINIG K, 1996, J CHROMATOGR A, V745, P281 HOLT MS, 1986, J CHROMATOGR, V362, P419 IBRAHIM NMA, 1996, ANALYST, V121, P239 IBRAHIM NMA, 1996, J CHROMATOGR A, V731, P171 JANDERA P, 1990, J CHROMATOGR, V504, P297 JOBLING S, 1993, AQUAT TOXICOL, V27, P361 JONES P, 1978, J CHROMATOGR, V156, P87 JONES P, 1978, J CHROMATOGR, V156, P99 JUNGCLAUS GA, 1978, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V12, P88 KIBBEY TCG, 1996, J CHROMATOGR A, V752, P155 KREISSELMEIER A, 1997, J CHROMATOGR A, V775, P187 KUBECK E, 1990, J AM OIL CHEM SOC, V67, P400 KUDOH M, 1984, J CHROMATOGR, V287, P337 LEE HB, 1995, ANAL CHEM, V67, P1976 LEE HB, 1997, J CHROMATOGR A, V785, P385 LEE HB, 1998, WATER QUAL RES J CAN, V33, P19 MACKAY LG, 1997, J AOAC INT, V80, P401 MARCOMINI A, 1987, ANAL CHEM, V59, P1709 MARCOMINI A, 1987, J CHROMATOGR, V403, P243 MARCOMINI A, 1988, CHEMOSPHERE, V17, P853 MARCOMINI A, 1989, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V35, P207 MARCOMINI A, 1990, MAR CHEM, V29, P307 MARCOMINI A, 1991, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V12, P1047 MARCOMINI A, 1993, J CHROMATOGR, V644, P59 MARCOMINI A, 1996, J CHROMATOGR A, V733, P193 MENGES RA, 1992, J LIQ CHROMATOGR, V15, P2909 METCALFE C, 1996, NONYLPHENOL ETHOXYLA MISZKIEWICZ W, 1996, CRIT REV ANAL CHEM, V25, P203 NAYLOR CG, 1992, J AM OIL CHEM SOC, V69, P695 NIMROD AC, 1996, CRIT REV TOXICOL, V26, P335 OTSUKI A, 1979, ANAL CHEM, V51, P2329 PATTANAARGSORN S, 1995, ANALYST, V120, P1573 PAXEUS N, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P1115 PILC JA, 1987, J CHROMATOGR, V398, P375 REINHARD M, 1982, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V16, P351 RIVERA J, 1987, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V29, P15 SCARLETT MJ, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P2109 SCULLION SD, 1996, J CHROMATOGR A, V733, P207 SHERRARD KB, 1994, ANAL CHEM, V66, P3394 SOTO AM, 1991, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V92, P167 STEPHANOU E, 1982, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V16, P800 STEPHANOU E, 1984, CHEMOSPHERE, V13, P43 STEPHANOU E, 1984, ORG MASS SPECTROM, V19, P510 STEPHANOU E, 1985, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V20, P41 STEPHANOU E, 1988, BIOMED ENVIRON MASS, V15, P275 SWEETMAN AJ, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P343 SZYMANSKI A, 1990, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V231, P77 SZYMANSKI A, 1995, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V311, P31 VALLS M, 1988, ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS, P19 VEITH GD, 1977, B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX, V17, P631 VENTURA F, 1988, WATER RES, V22, P1211 VENTURA F, 1989, WATER RES, V23, P1191 VENTURA F, 1991, ANAL CHEM, V63, P2095 VENTURA F, 1992, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V25, P257 WAHLBERG C, 1990, CHEMOSPHERE, V20, P179 WANG HP, 1993, J FOOD DRUG ANAL, V1, P145 WANG ZD, 1993, J CHROMATOGR SCI, V31, P509 WANG ZD, 1993, J CHROMATOGR, V641, P125 WHEELER TF, 1997, J CHROMATOGR SCI, V35, P19 WHITE R, 1994, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V135, P175 WICKBOLD R, 1972, TENSIDE DETERGENTS, V9, P173 YASUHARA A, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P570 ZHOU CS, 1990, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V236, P273 NR 97 TC 41 PU CANADIAN ASSOC WATER QUALITY PI GLOUCESTER PA C/O DR H R EISENHAUER, ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOL CENTRE, 3439 RIVER ROAD SOUTH, GLOUCESTER, ONTARIO K1A 0H3, CANADA SN 1201-3080 J9 WATER QUAL RES J CAN JI Water Qual. Res. J. Canada PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 3 EP 35 PG 33 SC Water Resources GA 267CQ UT ISI:000084337800002 ER PT J AU Maguire, RJ TI Review of the persistence of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates in aquatic environments SO WATER QUALITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CANADA LA English DT Review DE nonylphenol; ethoxylates; persistence; water; aquatic environment; review ID ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MIXED BACTERIAL CULTURES; CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEWAGE-TREATMENT AB Alkylphenol ethoxylates, in particular nonylphenol ethoxylates, are widely used nonionic surfactants that are discharged in high quantities to sewage treatment plants and directly to the environment in areas where there is no sewage or industrial waste treatment. This article reviews the treatability of nonylphenol ethoxylates and nonylphenol in sewage treatment plants and their persistence in aquatic environments. Nonylphenol ethoxylates can be biologically degraded in sewage treatment plants and in natural environments. Some of the degradation products, including nonylphenol, are more persistent than the parent surfactants and they are found in receiving waters of sewage treatment plants. Nonylphenol in particular is found at high concentrations in some sewage sludges that may be spread on agricultural lands. While some sewage treatment plants discharge significant amounts of nonylphenol ethoxylate degradation products in their final effluents and digested sludges compared to what enters the plant, others degrade nonylphenol ethoxylates more or less completely. The differences in treatment efficiency of such compounds and their degradation products among different sewage treatment plants have been attributed to the load of the surfactants in influent streams, plant design and operating conditions, and other factors such as temperature of treatment. The highest nonylphenol ethoxylate elimination rates were achieved in plants characterized by low sludge-loading rates and nitrifying conditions. In natural waters, it appears that parent nonylphenol ethoxylates are not persistent, but some degradation products may have moderate persistence, especially under anaerobic conditions. Recent results from mesocosm experiments indicate moderate persistence of nonylphenol in sediments, with half-lives of 28 to 104 days. Microbial acclimation to the chemicals is an important determinant of persistence vis-a-vis biodegradation. Sunlight photodegradation of such products is also likely important. Further research on the persistence in natural environments of the lower ethoxylate and carboxylate degradation products, as well as nonylphenol, is necessary. Based on the limited data available, nonylphenol and the lower ethoxylates and carboxylates are persistent in groundwater. They are also persistent in landfills under anaerobic conditions, but they do not appear to be persistent in soil under aerobic conditions. Recommendations are made for further research in order to more fully characterize the treatability of nonylphenol ethoxylates and their degradation products in sewage treatment plants and their persistence in the natural environment. C1 Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Maguire, RJ, Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. 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Res. J. Canada PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 37 EP 78 PG 42 SC Water Resources GA 267CQ UT ISI:000084337800003 ER PT J AU Bolto, B Abbt-Braun, G Dixon, D Eldridge, R Frimmel, F Hesse, S King, S Toifl, M TI Experimental evaluation of cationic polyelectrolytes for removing natural organic matter from water SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cationic polyelectrolytes; primary coagulation; clays; metal oxides; size exclusion chromatography; alum plus polyelectrolyte ID SENSITIVITY DOC-DETECTION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FILTRATION; COAGULATION; POLYMERS AB The effectiveness of water treatment processes in removing natural organic matter varies with the nature of the natural organic matter (NOM), its molecular size, polarity and charge density, and with properties of the raw water such as turbidity and hardness. In some cases conventional alum treatment is inefficient. We have compared NOM removals achieved by conventional and polymer-based processes in bench-scale treatment of reconstituted ground and surface waters of varying colour, made from NOM isolated from the same waters. NOM isolates were fractionated by adsorption on non-functionalised resins and an anion exchanger, and characterised by size exclusion chromatography. Jar tests with the isolated NOM compared coagulation with polyelectrolytes, alum clays and metal oxides, with each of the inorganics being in conjunction with a polyelectrolyte. Jar tests on reconstituted waters with alum and/or cationic polyelectrolyte show synergistic benefits from combinations of the two. The more hydrophobic NOM fractions were the most easily removed by polymer. The performance of cationic polymers improved significantly with increasing charge density and molecular weight. An alum/polymer combination is the most attractive treatment option. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the IAWQ. All rights reserved. C1 CSIRO Mol Sci, S Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. Univ Karlsruhe, Engler Bunte Inst Water Chem, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Bolto, B, CSIRO Mol Sci, Bag 10, S Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. CR *AM WAT WORKS ASS, 1999, 2509 AM WAT WORKS AS AMY GL, 1983, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V75, P527 BOLTO BA, 1995, PROG POLYM SCI, V20, P987 BOLTO BA, 1996, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V34, P117 BOLTO BA, 1998, CHEM WATER WASTEWATE, V5, P171 BOLTO BA, 1999, P 18 FED CONV AUST W COCCAGNA L, 1989, WATER WASTEWATER SLU, P57 CROUE JP, 1994, NATURAL ORGANIC MATT, P73 DUGUET JP, 1997, P 21 C INT WAT SERV EDZWALD JK, 1986, ORGANIC CARCINOGENS, P199 GLASER HT, 1979, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V13, P299 HUBER SA, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1194 HUBER SA, 1994, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V350, P496 HUBER SA, 1996, VOM WASSER, V86, P277 JACKSON GE, 1980, CRC CRIT R ENVIRON, V11, P1 JACKSON MB, 1990, REACT POLYM, V12, P277 OWEN DM, 1993, CHARACTERISATION NAT, P6 PERMINOVA IV, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P872 REBHUN M, 1984, WATER RES, V18, P963 SCHLAUCH RM, 1981, POLYELECTROLYTES WAT, P91 SEIN LT, 1999, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V33, P546 VIK EA, 1989, ACS SYM SER, V219, P385 WONG S, 1999, IN PRESS NMR NATURAL NR 23 TC 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 40 IS 9 BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 264GU UT ISI:000084172900010 ER PT J AU Fettig, J TI Removal of humic substances by adsorption/ion exchange SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; activated alumina; adsorption; humic substances; ion exchange; predictive models ID ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER-TREATMENT; GAC; KINETICS; OXYGEN; ACIDS; TESTS AB This paper gives an overview over the ability of four different sorbent media, activated carbon, anion exchange resins, carbonaceous resins and metal oxides, for the removal of humic sustances. Both sorbent characteristics and solution parameters that affect the ultimate capacities are discussed, and approaches developed in order to describe sorption equilibria and rate of uptake are reported. In addition, successes and failures of predictive models are described. Some general conclusions about favorable conditions for the removal of humic substances by sorption processes are given. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the IAWQ. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Environm Engn, D-37671 Hoxter, Germany. RP Fettig, J, Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Environm Engn, Wilhelmshohe 44, D-37671 Hoxter, Germany. CR BALDAUF G, 1985, GWF GAS WASSERFACH W, V126, P107 BENZ M, 1989, THESIS U KARLSRUHE BOENING PH, 1980, J AWWA, V72, P54 BRATTEBO H, 1987, WATER RES, V21, P1045 BRAUCH HJ, 1984, THESIS U KARLSRUHE CHEN ASC, 1989, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V81, P53 CORNEL PK, 1986, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V110, P149 CRITTENDEN JC, 1991, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V83, P77 CRITTENDEN JC, 1993, WATER RES, V27, P715 CUMMINGS L, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P88 DAVIS JA, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P1223 FETTIG J, 1985, THESIS U KARLSRUHE FETTIG J, 1987, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V113, P795 FETTIG J, 1989, VOM WASSER, V73, P399 FETTIG J, 1999, ENVIRON INT, V25, P335 FRICK B, 1980, THESIS U KARLSRUHE FU PLK, 1990, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V82, P70 HAND DW, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P64 HONGVE D, 1989, WATER RES, V23, P1451 HUANG CP, 1985, AICHE S SER, V81, P85 HUBELE C, 1987, THESIS U KARLSRUHE JACANGELO JG, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P64 JOHANNSEN K, 1993, VOM WASSER, V81, P185 JOHANNSEN K, 1994, VOM WASSER, V83, P169 JOHANSSEN K, 1992, VOM WASSER, V79, P237 KARAM E, 1996, TCI, V30, P13 KARANFIL T, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P2195 KOLLE W, 1995, COMMUNICATION LAMBERT SD, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P2421 LEE MC, 1981, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V73, P440 MATSUI Y, 1998, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V124, P1099 MATSUI Z, 1999, INT C REM HUM SUBST MCCREARY JJ, 1980, WATER RES, V14, P151 NEWCOMBE G, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P1065 RANDTKE SJ, 1982, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V74, P84 REED GD, 1981, J ENV ENG, V107, P1095 SMITH EH, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1693 SONTHEIMER H, 1988, ACTIVATED CARBON WAT SONTHEIMER H, 1990, VOM WASSER, V75, P183 STUMM W, 1981, AQUATIC CHEM SUMMERS R, 1986, THESIS STANFORD U SUMMERS RS, 1988, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V122, P382 TEERMANN I, 1999, INT C REM HUM SUBST VIDIC RD, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P1612 WARTA CL, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P551 WEBER WJ, 1983, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V75, P612 WILMANSKI K, 1989, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V115, P91 NR 47 TC 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 40 IS 9 BP 173 EP 182 PG 10 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 264GU UT ISI:000084172900022 ER PT J AU Croue, JP Violleau, D Bodaire, C Legube, B TI Removal of hydrophobic and hydrophilic constituents by anion exchange resin SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NOM fractions; NOM characterization; anion exchange resin; size exclusion; adsorption; ion exchange AB The objective of this work was to compare the affinity of well characterized NOM fractions isolated from two surface waters with strong (gel matrix and macroporous matrix) and weak anion exchange resins (AER) using batch experiment conditions. The structural characterization of the fraction of NOM has shown that the higher the hydrophilic character, the lower the C/O atomic ratio, the lower the SUVA, the lower the aromatic carbon content and the lower the molecular weight. In general (not always), strong AER was more efficient to remove DOC than weak AER. For the same water source (Suwannee River), the higher the molecular weight of the NOM fraction, the lower the affinity with AER. Increasing the ionic strength favored the removal of the hydrophobic NOM fraction ("salting out" effect) while increasing the pH apparently reduced the removal of the hydrophilic NOM fraction. Results were discussed in, terms of size exclusion, adsorption, anion exchange and also hydrophobic/hydrophilic repulsion. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the IAWQ. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Poitiers, UPRES A CNRS 6008, Lab Chim Eau & Environm, Poitiers, France. RP Croue, JP, Univ Poitiers, UPRES A CNRS 6008, Lab Chim Eau & Environm, Poitiers, France. CR AFCHARIAN A, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P2989 ANDERSON CT, 1979, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V71, P278 BELIN C, 1996, P NAT ORG MATT WORKS BRATTEBO H, 1987, WATER RES, V21, P1045 CROUE JP, 1999, 217 ACS NAT M AN CA, P218 FU PLK, 1990, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V82, P70 HWANG CJ, 1999, 217 ACS NAT M AN CA, P224 KIM BR, 1976, J WATER POLLUT CONTR, V48, P120 KIM PHS, 1991, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V83, P61 KOECHLING MT, 1997, P AWWA ANN C JUN 15, P1913 LEENHEER JL, 1996, P NAT ORG MATT WORKS SNOEYINK VL, 1979, P AWWA ANN C, P16 NR 12 TC 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 40 IS 9 BP 207 EP 214 PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 264GU UT ISI:000084172900026 ER PT J AU Gerlach, M Gimbel, R TI Influence of humic substance alteration during soil passage on their treatment behaviour SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE humic substances; dissolved organic matter; bank filtration; adsorption; THM precursor ID DEPOSITION AB Humic substances are nor major objectives of water treatment in drinking water supply. But, as they often influence the treatment efficiency or participate in treatment reactions, their behaviour in the treatment process can significantly determine the process design. A very effective pretreatment step can be achieved by soil passage (e. g. bank filtration or slow sand filtration) which is usually involved in German surface water treatment processes. In this study transport phenomena of humic matter during underground passage are investigated with special attention to the alteration of their treatment behaviour. In a fundamental a work the deposition of humic substances was studied in a model system. Transport phenomena could mathematically be described by a filtration theory of colloidal transport. From the results of these calculations the collision efficiencies of humic substances on clean and coated surfaces can be derived. The humic substance deposition on subsurfaces is accompanied by a classification based on molecular weight. An additional alteration of dissolved humic matter due to microbiological degradation and partial resolvation of deposited humic matter was observed by passage of river water through columns containing actual soil. The alteration of dissolved organic matter during soil passage is finally characterized by its adsorption and chlorination precursor behaviour. All results confirm that bank filtration is an effective pretreatment step particulary due to the decrease in connection with improvement in treatability of humic matter. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the IAWQ. An rights reserved. C1 IWW Rhein Westfael Inst Wasserforsch, D-45476 Mulheim An Der Ruhr, Germany. Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch, Fac Mech Engn, Inst Chem Engn Water Engn, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. RP Gerlach, M, IWW Rhein Westfael Inst Wasserforsch, Moritzstr 26, D-45476 Mulheim An Der Ruhr, Germany. CR ADAMCZYK Z, 1989, COLLOID SURFACE, V39, P1 CHIOU CT, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P227 ELIMELECH M, 1995, PARTICLE DEPOSITION FRIMMEL FH, 1992, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V117, P197 GERLACH M, 1998, THESIS U DUISBURG GREENLAND DJ, 1981, CHEM SOIL PROCESSES, P355 GRON C, 1992, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V117, P241 HUBER SA, 1996, VOM WASSER, V86, P277 JOHANNSEN K, 1993, THESIS U KARLSRUHE T JOHNSON PR, 1995, LANGMUIR, V11, P801 LUDWIG U, 1997, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V25, P145 MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P667 MULLER U, 1995, THESIS U KARLSRUHE T NEHRKORN A, 1990, REFRAKTARE ORGANISCH OMELIA CR, 1991, J WATER SUPPLY RES T, V40, P371 SCHLAUTMAN MA, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P961 SELENKA F, 1995, SCHADSTOFFE GRUNDWAS, V3 SONTHEIMER H, 1988, ACTIVATED CARBON WAT SONTHEIMER H, 1991, TRINKWASSER RHEIN, P217 SONTHEIMER H, 1993, OZONE WATER WASTEWAT, V2 TIEN C, 1989, GRANULAR FILTRATION WEBER WJ, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P1955 NR 22 TC 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 40 IS 9 BP 231 EP 239 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 264GU UT ISI:000084172900029 ER PT J AU Wild, D Reinhard, M TI Biodegradation residual of 4-octylphenoxyacetic acid in laboratory columns under groundwater recharge conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; GROWTH; METABOLITES; MIXTURES; RIVER; TRANSFORMATION AB The biodegradation of 4-octylphenoxyacetic acid (OP1EC) was studied in laboratory columns to determine the residual concentration that can persist during groundwater recharge or transport. Biofilm models predict residual concentrations are independent of the initial concentration and residence time. Two column trains, constructed with glass beads and providing a residence time of 280 min were fed continuously with lake water (LW) containing biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and groundwater (GW) containing no biodegradable DOG. The feedwater was amended with OP1EC first at high (1 mg/L) and then at low (50 mu g L-1) concentration. To simulate mixing of recharged LW and regional GW, the effluents of the GW and LW train were blended and fed to a column (BW) with 114 min residence time. When the influent OP1EC concentration was 1000 mu g/L the residual concentrations in the LW and GW trains ranged from 0.3 to 3 and 0.8 to 3 mu g L-1, respectively. When the feed concentrations were decreased to 50 mu g L-1, the residual concentration in the LW decreased to below the detection limit (<0.1 mu g L-1) but stayed above 0.2 mu g L-1 in the GW train effluent. Mixing the two LW and GW column effluents stimulated addition al (up to 11%) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal but no additional OP1EC degradation. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Reinhard, M, Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. CR AHEL M, 1991, B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX, V47, P586 AHEL M, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1131 AHEL M, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P37 ALEXANDER M, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V18, P106 ASHFIELD LA, 1998, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V17, P679 ASHFORD NA, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, A508 BALL HA, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P951 BALLY M, 1996, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V62, P133 COLBORN T, 1996, OUR STOLEN FUTURE DING WH, 1996, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V354, P48 DING WH, 1999, CHEMOSPHERE, V39, P1781 EGLI T, 1995, ADV MICROB ECOL, V14, P305 FIELD JA, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P3544 FUJITA Y, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P1518 HANSEN PD, 1986, VOM WASSER, V66, P167 JOBLING S, 1996, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V15, P194 KOCH AL, 1997, MICROBIOL MOL BIOL R, V61, P305 LENDENMANN U, 1996, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V62, P1493 LEVENSPIEL O, 1972, CHEM REACTION ENG MARCOMINI A, 1990, 6 EUR S ORG MICR AQ POINDEXTER JS, 1987, ECOLOGY MICROBIAL CO, P283 REINHARD M, 1982, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V16, P351 REINHARD M, 1999, ORGANIC CONTAMINANT RITTMANN BE, 1980, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V22, P2343 RITTMANN BE, 1980, GROUND WATER, V18, P236 SCHMIDT SK, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V49, P822 TYLER CR, 1998, CRIT REV TOXICOL, V28, P319 WANG YS, 1984, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V47, P1195 NR 28 TC 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 24 BP 4422 EP 4426 PG 5 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 265PJ UT ISI:000084252300011 ER PT J AU Ding, WH Wu, J Semadeni, M Reinhard, M TI Occurrence and behavior of wastewater indicators in the Santa Ana River and the underlying aquifers SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; WATER; GROUNDWATER; INFILTRATION; IDENTIFICATION; ACID; METABOLITES; DEGRADATION; RESIDUES AB The occurrence and behavior of wastewater indicator compounds in the Santa Ana River (SAR) water and the underlying aquifer recharged by the SAR has been studied. The SAR contains a high proportion of tertiary treated wastewater effluents, up to 100% during summer and fall. The following water quality parameters were quantified: four specific wastewater indicator compounds, ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), a naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC) isomer, alkylphenol polyethoxy carboxylates (APECs), and selected haloacetic acids (HAAs), nitrate, dissolved oxygen (DO), I)OC, total carbohydrate, and phenolic substances. Statistical analysis indicated that normal distribution was adequate to describe the probability distribution of the constituents in most cases. In the river, the concentrations of wastewater indicator compounds decreased as the fraction of storm runoff increased. EDTA and NDC were detected in a monitoring well near the river and in two production wells 1.8 and 2.7 km down gradient with little apparent attenuation. By contrast, NTA, APECs, bromochloro- and dibromoacetic acids appeared to be attenuated significantly during infiltration of river water and groundwater transport. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ding, WH, Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. CR 1996, MINITAB REFERENCE MA AHEL M, 1991, B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX, V47, P586 AHEL M, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P37 BALL HA, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P951 BARTH RC, 1992, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V84, P391 BOURG ACM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P661 BOX JD, 1983, WATER RES, V17, P511 BRAUCH HJ, 1987, VOM WASSER, V69, P155 CHINN R, 1989, 28 PAC C CHEM SPECTR DEAN RB, 1976, WATER SEWAGE WORKS, V123, P87 DEANGELO AB, 1990, WATER CHLORINATION C, V6, P193 DEBRUYN WJ, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P1179 DING WH, 1996, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V354, P48 DING WH, 1998, IN PRESS CHEMOSPHERE DING WH, 1998, J CHROMATOGR A, V824, P79 EGLI T, 1990, BIODEGRADATION, V1, P121 FRANK H, 1995, J HIGH RES CHROMATOG, V18, P83 FUJITA Y, 1996, WATER ENVIRON RES, V68, P867 FUJITA Y, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P1518 JACOBS LA, 1988, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V52, P2693 JANSSEN DB, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V49, P673 KOEHLER LH, 1952, ANAL CHEM, V24, P1576 MATHESON DHV, 1977, SCI SERIES, V74 MCCARTY PL, 1980, J WATER POLL CONTROL, V52, P1907 SCHAFFNER C, 1984, J CHROMATOGR, V312, P413 SCHAFFNER C, 1986, ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTA, P455 SCHERRER C, 1994, COMMUNICATION SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P472 SMITH PK, 1985, ANAL BIOCHEM, V150, P76 SOVICH T, 1994, COMMUNICATION STUMM W, 1981, AQUAT CHEM, P458 THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY, P181 VONGUNTEN HR, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P3597 NR 33 TC 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1781 EP 1794 PG 14 SC Environmental Sciences GA 239AH UT ISI:000082746300002 ER PT J AU Griffin, DW Gibson, CJ Lipp, EK Riley, K Paul, JH Rose, JB TI Detection of viral pathogens by reverse transcriptase PCR and of microbial indicators by standard methods in the canals of the Florida Keys SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ENTERIC VIRUSES; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; SURFACE WATERS; ENTEROVIRUSES; SEWAGE; HYBRIDIZATION; CONTAMINATION AB In order to assess the microbial water quality in Canal waters throughout the Florida Keys, a survey was conducted to determine the concentration of microbial fecal indicators and the presence of human pathogenic microorganisms, A total of 19 sites, including 17 canal sites, and 2 nearshore water sites, were assayed for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens enterococci, coliphages, F-specific (F+) RNA coliphages, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, and human enteric viruses (polioviruses, coxsackie A and B viruses, echoviruses, hepatitis A viruses, Norwalk viruses, and small round-structured viruses), Numbers of coliforms ranged from <1 to 1,410, E. coli organisms from <1 to 130, Clostridium spp. from <1 to 520, and enterococci from <1 to 800 CFU/100 mi of sample, Two sites were positive for coliphages, but no F+ phages were identified. The sites were ranked according to microbial water quality and compared to various water quality standards and guidelines. Seventy-nine percent of the sites were positive for the presence of enteroviruses by reverse transcriptase PCR (polioviruses, coxsackie A and B viruses, and echoviruses). Sixty-three percent of the sites were positive for the presence of hepatitis A viruses. Ten percent of the sites were positive for the presence of Norwalk viruses. Ninety-five percent of the sites were positive for at least one of the virus groups. These results indicate that the canals and nearshore waters throughout the Florida Keys are being impacted by human fecal material carrying human enteric viruses through current wastewater treatment strategies such as septic tanks. Exposure to canal waters through recreation and work may be contributing to human health risks. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Rose, JB, Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. CR *AM PUBL HLTH ASS, 1998, STAND METH EX WAT WA *FED REG, 1994, FED REG, V59 ABBASZADEGAN M, 1995, WAT QUAL TECHN C NEW ALEXANDER LM, 1992, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V46, P340 ANDO T, 1995, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V33, P64 ANDO T, 1997, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V35, P570 ARMON R, 1988, CAN J MICROBIOL, V34, P78 CABELLI VJ, 1983, 600180031 USEPA HLTH CHEUNG WHS, 1990, EPIDEMIOL INFECT, V105, P139 DELEON R, 1990, WAT QUAL TECHN C P A DUFOUR AP, 1986, EPA4407584002 FLEISHER JM, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P2341 FUJIOKA RS, 1985, J WATER POLLUT CON F, V57, P986 GANTZER C, 1998, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V64, P4307 GREEN J, 1998, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V64, P858 HAGLER AN, 1993, CAN J MICROBIOL, V39, P973 HARDINA CM, 1991, ENVIRON TOXIC WATER, V6, P185 HEJKAL TW, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V41, P628 HSU FC, 1995, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V61, P3960 JAYKUS LA, 1996, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V62, P2074 LAPOINTE BE, 1990, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V10, P289 LIPP E, 1997, STUDY PRESENCE HUMAN PALLIN R, 1997, J VIROL METHODS, V67, P57 PATTI AM, 1987, WATER RES, V21, P1335 PAUL JH, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P2197 PAUL JH, 1995, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V61, P2230 PAUL JH, 1995, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V61, P2235 PAUL JH, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P1448 RHODES MW, 1997, J APPL MICROBIOL, V83, P120 SANTIAGOMERCADO J, 1987, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V53, P2922 SCHWAB KJ, 1995, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V61, P531 SCHWAB KJ, 1996, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V62, P2086 SHIEH YSC, 1997, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V63, P4401 SHINN EA, 1994, FATE PATHWAYS INJECT VANTARAKIS AC, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P2365 NR 35 TC 45 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 65 IS 9 BP 4118 EP 4125 PG 8 SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 233HL UT ISI:000082421400053 ER PT J AU Pelekani, C Newcombe, G Snoeyink, VL Hepplewhite, C Assemi, S Beckett, R TI Characterization of natural organic matter using high performance size exclusion chromatography SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS; GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; PAPER-MILL EFFLUENTS; ADSORPTION; CARBON; PULP; TOOL; MASS AB High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used to obtain the molecular weight distributions of natural organic matter (NOM) from two South Australian drinking water sources. The NOM was separated into five nominal molecular weight fractions (<500, 500-3K, 3K-10K, 10K-30K, and >30K) using ultrafiltration membranes prior to HPSEC analysis. The use of HPSEC as a tool for NOM characterization was compared with an independent method, flow field-flow fractionation (FIFFF), which separates molecules via a different mechanism. Unlike HPSEC, which uses a porous gel with a controlled pore size distribution to separate molecules, FIFFF uses hydrodynamic and molecular diffusion principles to separate molecules on the basis of molecular size, in the absence of a porous gel. The comparison was made using the following parameters: weight-average molecular weight (M-w), number-average molecular weight (M-n), peak molecular weight (M-p), polydispersivity (M-w/M-n), and molecular weight range (80% confidence limits). Within the technical limitations of each method, good agreement was obtained between HPSEC and FIFFF for the different fractions. Although solute-gel interactions were identified with the HPSEC system, the validation of the technique with FIFFF indicates that HPSEC can provide useful and reliable molecular weight distributions of NOM in drinking water supplies. C1 Univ Illinois, Newmark Civil Engn Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CRC Water Qual & Treatment, Salisbury, SA 5108, Australia. Monash Univ, Water Studies Ctr, CRC Freshwater Ecol, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Chem, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. RP Pelekani, C, Univ Illinois, Newmark Civil Engn Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CR AMY GL, 1987, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V79, P43 BECKETT R, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P289 BECKETT R, 1992, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V13, P1129 CHADIK PA, 1987, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V113, P1234 CHIN YP, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P1309 CHIN YP, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1853 DIXON DR, 1992, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V13, P1117 DYCUS PJM, 1995, SEPAR SCI TECHNOL, V30, P1435 ELREHAILI AM, 1987, WATER RES, V21, P573 GHASSEMI M, 1968, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V13, P583 GHOSH K, 1980, SOIL SCI, V129, P266 GIDDINGS JC, 1966, SEPARATION SCI, V1, P123 GIDDINGS JC, 1984, SEPAR SCI TECHNOL, V19, P831 GIDDINGS JC, 1989, J CHROMATOGR, V470, P327 GJESSING ET, 1976, PHYSICAL CHEM CHARAC GLOOR R, 1981, WATER RES, V15, P457 HASSELLOV M, 1997, J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T, V20, P2843 HINE PT, 1984, WATER RES, V18, P1461 KRASNER SW, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P66 MAMCHENKO AV, 1983, RUSS J PHYS CHEM, V57, P883 MILES CJ, 1983, J CHROMATOGR, V259, P499 MORRAN JY, 1996, P AUSTR WAT WAST ASS, P428 NEWCOMBE G, 1996, P IHHS WROCL POL SEP, P629 NEWCOMBE G, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P965 NEWCOMBE G, 1998, J AUSTR WATER WASTEW, V25, P16 SCHETTLER PD, 1996, LC GC-MAG SEP SCI, V14, P852 SCHIMPF ME, 1997, COLLOID SURFACE A, V120, P87 SCHNITZER M, 1972, HUMIC SUBSTANCES ENV, P327 THURMAN EM, 1982, ORG GEOCHEM, V4, P27 THURMAN EM, 1986, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY WAGONER DB, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P937 WERSHAW RL, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI NR 32 TC 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 16 BP 2807 EP 2813 PG 7 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 227HF UT ISI:000082074500019 ER PT J AU Zlotnik, VA Huang, H TI Effect of shallow penetration and streambed sediments on aquifer response to stream stage fluctuations (analytical model) SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID INDUCED INFILTRATION; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; RIVER AB An analytical model of stream-aquifer interaction is proposed that considers the effects from a small degree of aquifer penetration and low-permeability sediments on the head response to an arbitrary stream-stage hydrograph. Aquifer sections under the stream and beyond are considered in a single model. The model of ground water flow in the aquifer is based on the Dupuit assumptions corrected for leakage from the stream. The model can use stream-stage hydrographs in both analytical and tabular forms. The nondimensional linear boundary value problem is solved for hydraulic head in the aquifer using numerical Laplace transforms and a convolution algorithm. The proposed solution is used to assess the impact of shallow penetration and low-permeability streambed sediments on head responses by comparison with available solutions which neglect these factors. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Zlotnik, VA, Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. CR ANDERSON MP, 1992, APPL GROUNDWATER MOD BOCHEVER FM, 1966, P VODGEO, V13, P84 BOUWER H, 1997, RIVERS, V6, P19 CARSLAW HS, 1959, CONDUCTION HEAT SOLI CHAMBERS LW, 1992, GROUND WATER, V30, P667 CONRAD LP, 1996, WATER RESOUR BULL, V32, P1209 COOPER HH, 1963, 1536J US GEOL SURV W, P343 FERRIS JF, 1962, 1536E US GEOL SURV W, P126 GLOVER RE, 1954, EOS T AGU, V35, P468 GOVINDARAJU RS, 1994, J HYDROL, V157, P349 GRIGORYEV VM, 1957, WATER SUPPLY SANITAT, P110 GYLYBOV M, 1977, J HYDROLOGICAL SCI, V4, P206 HALL FR, 1972, WATER RESOUR RES, V8, P487 HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 JENKINS CT, 1968, GROUND WATER, V6, P37 LARKIN RG, 1992, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V104, P1608 MEIGS LC, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P3299 MINKIN EL, 1973, GROUNDWATER SURFACE MOENCH AF, 1974, WATER RESOUR RES, V10, P963 MOORE IE, 1966, WATER RESOUR RES, V2, P691 NEUMAN SP, 1972, WATER RES R, V8, P1031 PINDER GF, 1971, WATER RES R, V7, P63 SHESTAKOV VM, 1965, THEORETICAL FDN EVAL SOPHOCLEOUS M, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P579 SOPHOCLEOUS MA, 1988, J HYDROL, V98, P249 SPALDING CP, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P597 STEHFEST H, 1970, COMMUN ACM, V13, P47 THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 VASILYEV SV, 1975, LOSSES SURFACE WATER WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 WINTER T, 1995, REV GEOPHYSICS S, P985 ZLOTNIK VA, 1985, FORECASTING GROUNDWA NR 32 TC 22 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 37 IS 4 BP 599 EP 605 PG 7 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 213JK UT ISI:000081268800021 ER PT J AU Swartz, CH Gschwend, PM TI Field studies of in situ colloid mobilization in a Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; POROUS-MEDIA; SANDY AQUIFER; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; IRON-OXIDE; FLOW CONDITIONS; GROUNDWATER; PARTICLES; MOBILITY; RELEASE AB The release of colloids to groundwater was investigated in situ in an iron-oxyhydroxide-rich, sandy aquifer. Groundwater amended with various solutes was injected into and immediately withdrawn from the shallow aquifer. Turbidity and colloid composition were monitored in the retrieved injectate. The response of the aquifer material to the amendments generally mimicked that observed in an earlier study using packed columns containing the sediment, demonstrating the viability of the single-well method for testing colloid mobilization in situ. The decline of turbidity in the retrieved injectates with increasing withdrawal volume was analyzed to determine a "reaction order" n, describing the redeposition of mobilized colloids to the immobile matrix, Differences in the reaction order for the amendments tested presumably indicated the effectiveness of these amendments to generate repulsive colloid-immobile matrix interactions. C1 MIT, Ralph M Parsons Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Swartz, CH, MIT, Ralph M Parsons Lab, Bldg 48-415, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CR BACKHUS DA, 1993, GROUND WATER, V31, P466 BUDDEMEIER RW, 1988, APPL GEOCHEM, V3, P535 CERDA CM, 1987, COLLOID SURFACE, V27, P219 CHANDAR P, 1987, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V117, P31 GOLDENBERG LC, 1983, WATER RESOUR RES, V19, P77 GOUNARIS V, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P1381 GSCHWEND PM, 1990, J CONTAM HYDROL, V6, P307 HAGGERTY R, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P314 HOLMEN BA, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P105 KAPLAN DI, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P1193 KAPLAN DI, 1994, RADIOCHIM ACTA, V66, P189 KAPLAN DI, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P708 KRETZSCHMAR R, 1997, WATER RESOUR RES, V33, P1129 LIANG L, 1990, ACS SYM SER, V146, P293 LIANG L, 1990, AQUAT SCI, V52, P32 LIANG LY, 1993, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V57, P1987 MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENV PARTICLES, V2, P2 MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P667 MCCARTHY JF, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1223 MCDOWELLBOYER LM, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P586 MYSELS KJ, 1965, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V20, P315 NEWMAN ME, 1993, J CONTAM HYDROL, V14, P233 PENROSE WR, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P228 PULS RW, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P614 RONEN D, 1992, WATER RESOUR RES, V28, P1279 ROY SB, 1996, COLLOID SURFACE A, V107, P245 ROY SB, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P656 RYAN JN, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P307 RYAN JN, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1717 RYAN JN, 1996, COLLOID SURFACE A, V107, P1 SAIERS JE, 1994, WATER RESOUR RES, V30, P2499 SEAMAN JC, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P1808 SEAMAN JC, 1997, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V31, P2782 SHORT SA, 1988, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V52, P2555 SIGG L, 1981, COLLOID SURFACE, V2, P101 SNODGRASS MF, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P645 SWARTZ CH, 1997, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V61, P707 SWARTZ CH, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P1779 SWARTZ CH, 1998, THESIS MIT CAMBRIDGE WILLIAMS TM, 1991, NAT RES DEV C CONTR, P179 YEH TCJ, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P2141 ZINDER B, 1986, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V50, P1861 NR 42 TC 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 35 IS 7 BP 2213 EP 2223 PG 11 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA 211DV UT ISI:000081145400021 ER PT J AU Ludwig, U Grischek, T Nestler, W Neumann, V TI Behaviour of different molecular-weight fractions of DOC of Elbe river water during river bank infiltration SO ACTA HYDROCHIMICA ET HYDROBIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE DOC molecular-weight fractions; spectral absorption coefficient; river bank infiltration; ultrafiltration ID TRANSPORT AB This paper reports changes in dissolved organic carbon concentration beta(DOC) and the relation between UV-active and non-UV-active components determined for Elbe river water and river bank infiltrate in the Torgau river basin between 1992 and 1993. Using an ultrafiltration method, the fractionation of the DOC content was obtained for the fractions >10 000 g/mol, 1 000...10 000 g/mol, and <1 000 g/mol. The spectral absorption coefficient at 254 nm a(254) Of the molecular-weight fractions was also measured. The mean total DOC concentration of Elbe river water decreased from 6.0 mg/L to below 3.9 mg/L along two investigated flowpaths. Two thirds of the decrease occurred within the first few metres of the river bed and one third along the 350 m length of the groundwater flowpaths. The a(254) values showed a significant decrease from 14.8 1/m in Elbe river water to 7.8 1/m in the aquifer. Along a flowpath, the proportion of low-molecular weight fraction of DOC increased, the proportion of high-molecular weight fraction decreased, and the proportion of the 1 000...10 000 g/mol molecular-weight fraction remained relatively stable. The Elbe river water contained the main portion of UV-active compounds in the fraction 1 000...10 000 g/mol, and this was also the case for samples of river infiltrate. For the high-molecular weight fraction, mainly non-W-active compounds were attenuated in the river bed sediment. C1 Hsch Tech & Wirtsch, LB Wasserwesen, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. RP Ludwig, U, Hsch Tech & Wirtsch, LB Wasserwesen, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. CR *DVWK, 1992, ENTN UNT GRUNDW DK 5 ABBTBRAUN G, 1989, DVGW SCHRIFTENREIHE, V205 ENFIELD CG, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P1278 FUCHS F, 1985, VOM WASSER, V65, P94 GUDERITZ T, 1993, VOM WASSER, V81, P315 LUDWIG U, 1997, ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB, V25, P71 MATTHIESSEN A, 1994, VOM WASSER, V82, P137 MCCARTHY JF, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P496 MULLER U, 1995, THESIS U KARLSRUHE T MULLERWEGENER U, 1993, REFRAKTARE ORG SAURE, P79 NESTLER W, 1992, GEOWISSENSCHAFTEN, V10, P49 NESTLER W, 1994, UNTERSUCHUNG BESCHAF NESTLER W, 1995, 43212 DFG VORH ROSSNER U, 1993, GEOWISSENSCHAFTEN, V11, P79 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P472 NR 15 TC 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0323-4320 J9 ACTA HYDROCHIM HYDROBIOL JI Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 SC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 185QP UT ISI:000079681300005 ER PT J AU Abbaszadegan, M Stewart, P LeChevallier, M TI A strategy for detection of viruses in groundwater by PCR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENTERIC VIRUSES; DRINKING-WATER; DNA; ENTEROVIRUSES; AMPLIFICATION AB We evaluated the use of the PCR for detection of enteric viruses in groundwater. To do this, we used an improved sample-processing technique and a large-volume amplification protocol. The objective of this study was to use advanced molecular techniques to develop a rapid and simple method which can be used by the water industry for detection of viral contamination in a variety of water samples. The strategy described here fulfills the water industry's need for a rapid, reliable, easily performed method for analyzing groundwater for virus contamination. Viruses were detected after concentration from at least 400 gallons (1,512 liters) of water by a filter adsorption and elution method, which resulted in a concentrate containing viruses. A total of 150 samples were analyzed by performing cell culture assays for enteroviruses and by performing reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analyses for enteroviruses, hepatitis A virus, and rotavirus. Thirteen samples (8.7%) produced cellular cytopathic effects when the Buffalo green monkey cell line was used. When primers specific for enteroviruses were used in RT-PCR, 40 of 133 samples (30.1%) tested positive for the presence of enterovirus RNA. When hepatitis A virus-specific primers were used, 12 of 139 samples (8.6%) were considered positive for the presence of hepatitis A viral RNA. The RT-PCR analysis performed with rotavirus-specific primers identified 18 of 130 samples (13.8%) that were positive for rotavirus RNA sequences. Our sample-procesing technique and large-volume PCR protocol (reaction volume, 300 mu l) resulted in sufficient removal or dilution of inhibitors so that more than 95% of the samples could be assayed by PCR, Because of its sensitivity for detecting viral nucleic acid sequences, PCR analysis should produce more positive results than cell culture analysis. Since either cell culture analysis or PCR can reveal only a ''snapshot" of the quality of the groundwater being sampled, PCR seems to be a desirable rapid initial screening tool. C1 Amer Water Works Serv Co Inc, Qual Control & Res Lab, Belleville, IL 62220 USA. Amer Water Works Co Inc, Voorhees, NJ 08043 USA. RP Abbaszadegan, M, Amer Water Works Serv Co Inc, Qual Control & Res Lab, 1115 S Illinois St, Belleville, IL 62220 USA. CR ABBASZADEGAN M, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P1318 CRAUN GF, 1984, GROUNDWATER POLLUTIO, P135 DELEON R, 1990, P AM WAT WORKS ASS W, P833 EDZWALD JK, 1990, P 4 GOTH S CHEM WAT, P341 HYYPIA T, 1989, J GEN VIROL, V70, P3261 KESWICK BH, 1982, J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A, V17, P903 KESWICK BH, 1984, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V47, P1290 MELNICK JL, 1990, VIROLOGY, P549 MULLIS KB, 1987, METHOD ENZYMOL, V155, P335 MULLIS KB, 1994, POLYMERASE CHAIN REA, P166 PAYMENT P, 1981, CAN J MICROBIOL, V27, P417 PILLAI SD, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P2285 ROTBART HA, 1990, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V28, P438 SAIKI RK, 1988, SCIENCE, V239, P487 SOUTHERN EM, 1975, J MOL BIOL, V98, P503 NR 15 TC 42 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 65 IS 2 BP 444 EP 449 PG 6 SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 165AC UT ISI:000078495200013 ER PT J AU Clark, RM Adams, JQ Sethi, V Sivaganesan, M TI Control of microbial contaminants and disinfection by-products for drinking water in the US: cost and performance SO JOURNAL OF WATER SERVICES RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) is in the process of developing a sophisticated regulatory strategy in an attempt to balance the risks associated with disinfectants and disinfection by-products (D/DBP) in drinking water. A major aspect of this strategy is the appropriate application of disinfectants and other treatment technologies to minimise the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). This paper explores the cost and performance associated with these technological choices. It is clear that-the least expensive choice for controlling chlorinated by-products would be to utilise an alternative disinfectant. However, precursor removal by enhanced coagulation and/or the application of granular activated carbon and membrane technology are very effective in controlling DBPs. The removal of precursors can have the effect of simultaneously controlling both chemical and microbiological risks. C1 US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Water Qual Management Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, NRMRL, WSWRD, Oak Ridge Post Doctoral Appointment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. ALM Joint Venture, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. RP Clark, RM, US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin L King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. CR *US EPA, 1997, TECHN COSTS INT ENH BULL RJ, 1993, SAFETY WATER DISINFE, P239 CHICK H, 1908, J HYG-CAMBRIDGE, V8, P92 CLARK RM, 1994, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V120, P759 CLARK RM, 1998, TREATMENT PROCESS SE, P265 COOPER WJ, 1983, WATER CHLORINATION E, V4, P285 CRAUN GF, 1996, WATER QUALITY LATIN, P183 EISENBURG T, 1986, REVERSE OSMOSIS TREA HOFF JC, 1986, EPA600286067 US EPA KORICH DG, 1990, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V56, P1423 KRASNER SW, 1989, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V81, P41 LYKINS BW, 1986, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V78, P66 LYKINS BW, 1990, J WATER SUPPLY RES T, V39, P376 LYKINS BW, 1990, JOINT C ONT SECT AWW MCGUIRE MJ, 1988, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V80, P61 MILTNER RJ, 1992, STRATEGIES TECHNOLOG, P203 MINEAR RA, 1980, WATER CHLORINATION E, V3, P151 POURMOGHADDAS H, 1993, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V85, P82 SINGER PC, 1994, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V120, P727 STEVENS AA, 1987, P C CURR RES DRINK W STEVENS AA, 1989, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V81, P54 SURATT W, 1991, P AWWA MEMBR PROC C SYMONS JM, 1981, 600281156 EPA US EPA TAYLOR JS, 1989, 600289022 US EPA WATSON HE, 1908, J HYG-CAMBRIDGE, V8, P536 NR 25 TC 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SERV RES TECHNOL-AQUA JI J. Water Serv. Res. Technol.-Aqua PD DEC PY 1998 VL 47 IS 6 BP 255 EP 265 PG 11 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA 153NJ UT ISI:000077838900001 ER PT J AU Swennen, R Van der Sluys, J TI Zn, Pb, Cu and As distribution patterns in overbank and medium-order stream sediment samples: their use in exploration and environmental geochemistry SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; overbank sediment; stream sediment; background concentration; Belgium ID BELGIUM; CONTAMINATION; NETHERLANDS; GERMANY; AREA AB Overbank and medium-order stream sediment samples were collected in Belgium and Luxembourg from 66 sampling locations (area of about 33,000 km(2)) and analysed for major and trace elements among which Zn, Pb, Cu and As. At each sampling location large bulk samples were taken, namely in the lower (normally at greater than or equal to 1.5 m depth, over an interval of about 20-40 cm) and upper (normally upper 5-25 cm) parts of the overbank profiles and from the stream sediments. Furthermore, at a number of these sites, a detailed geochemical analysis of vertical overbank sediment profiles (sampling intervals of 10-20 cm) was subsequently carried out to unravel element variations through time and to help in the overall evaluation. For most sampled sections evidences such as C-14-dating and the absence of anthropogenic particles point towards a pre-industrial and often pristine origin of the lower overbank sediment samples. From the latter bulk samples, mean background concentrations were deduced. They reveal the existence of significant differences between the northern and southern part of Belgium (incl. Luxembourg) which relate to the difference in geological substrate. In the north dominantly non-lithified Quaternary and Tertiary sands, marls and clays occur while in the south Palaeozoic sandstones, shales and carbonate rocks outcrop. Consequently separate mean background values were calculated for the two areas. In the southern study area, some anomalous metal concentrations have been recorded in pre-industrial sediments. They are derived from mineralised Palaeozoic rocks, a feature which could be of interest for base metal exploration. In the upper overbank and stream sediments, in general, higher heavy metal and As contents were recorded with highest values in areas with metal mining, metal melting and cokes treatment industries. By comparing the trace element concentrations of the upper overbank or stream sediment samples with the concentrations detected in the lower overbank samples at each of the sampling locations, and by evaluating the vertical distribution patterns where available, the degree of pollution of the alluvial plain and the present-day stream sediments can be assessed. From this exercise, it is clear that highest pollution occurs in the northern part of Belgium, which relates to its high population density and industrial development. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Fysicochem Geol, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Geol Survey Belgium, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. RP Swennen, R, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Fysicochem Geol, Celestijnenlaan 200C, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. CR BELOGOLOVA GA, 1995, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V55, P193 BOGEN J, 1992, IAHS PUBL, V210, P317 BOLVIKEN B, 1990, 90106 NGU GEOL SURV BOLVIKEN B, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V56, P141 BRADSHAW PMD, 1972, MINING CANADA CANADI DARNLEY AG, 1995, 19 UNESCO PAR SCI DEMETRIADES A, 1990, 90105 NGU DEMETRIADES A, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V59, P209 DEVOS W, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V56, P91 EDEN P, 1994, THESIS ABO AKAD U AB, V49 EDENP, 1994, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V54, P265 GEUZENS P, 1994, LEREN KEREN MILIEU N, P347 HINDEL R, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V56, P105 HOOGENDOORN R, 1989, THESIS LANDBOUW U WA HUDSONEDWARDS KA, 1998, IN PRESS NE ENGLAND LANGEDAL M, 1996, THESIS NORGES TEKNIS LEENAERS H, 1989, NED GEOGR STUD, V102 MACKLIN MG, 1992, DYNAMICS GRAVEL BED, P573 MACKLIN MG, 1994, APPL GEOCHEM, V9, P689 MACKLIN MG, 1996, FLOODPLAIN PROCESSES, P441 ODOR L, 1997, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V60, P55 OTTESEN RT, 1989, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V32, P257 PULKKINEN E, 1997, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V59, P11 RIDGWAY J, 1995, OVERSEAS GEOLOGY SER SALMINEN R, 1998, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FI, V47 SHEN XC, 1995, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V55, P231 SWENNEN R, 1994, ENVIRON GEOL, V24, P12 SWENNEN R, 1997, ZBL GEOL PALAONTOL, V1, P925 SWENNEN R, 1998, 290 BELG GEOL SURV SWENNEN R, 1998, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V62, P67 SWENNEN R, 1998, UNPUB INT ASS SEDIME THEIN J, 1975, PUBL SERV GEOL LUXEM, V24 VANDERSLUYS J, 1997, 283 BELG GEOL SURV VOLDEN T, 1997, ENVIRON GEOL, V32, P175 XIE XJ, 1997, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V60, P99 NR 35 TC 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 65 IS 1 BP 27 EP 45 PG 19 SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 153ZA UT ISI:000077862500003 ER PT J AU McCarthy, JF Sanford, WE Stafford, PL TI Lanthanide field tracers demonstrate enhanced transport of transuranic radionuclides by natural organic matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMIC-ACID; ADSORPTION; EUROPIUM; SORPTION; AQUIFER; SOIL; PH AB Transuranic (TRU) radionuclides buried 25 years ago in shallow un lined disposal trench es in a fractured shale saprolite had been detected in groundwater from downgradient monitoring wells and in surface water seeps. Field observations had suggested the actinide radionuclides were mobilized by natural organic matter(NOM) and rapidly transported with little retardation. A 73-day natural gradient tracer experiment injected trivalent lanthanides (Nd and Eu) as analogues to determine the mechanisms and rates of actinide transport at the field scale. Adsorption isotherms for Am-241 and Eu with saprolite from the site confirmed a very high affinity for adsorption (R > 50 000) in the absence of NOM. However, reactive and nonreactive tracers arrived at approximately the same time along a 10-m long deep flow path, and anion-exchange chromatography and filtration suggested that the mobile lanthanides in groundwater were a NOM complex. Although flow through a shallow flow path was intermittent, reflecting transient recharge events, large storms resulted in coincident peaks of both reactive and nonreactive tracers, suggesting that they migrated at similar rates over distances of 78 m. We conclude that NOM facilitated the almost-unretarded transport of lanthanide tracers and, by analogy, that NOM is facilitating the mobilization and rapid migration of the TRU radionuclides. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. RP McCarthy, JF, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CR *US EPA, 1994, EPA600R94205 BERTHA EL, 1978, J INORG NUCL CHEM, V40, P655 COOK PG, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1501 DIERCKX A, 1994, RADIOCHIM ACTA, V66, P149 FAIRHURST AJ, 1995, COLLOID SURFACE A, V99, P187 JIN MQ, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P1201 KIM JI, 1991, RADIOCHIM ACTA, V52, P49 KIM JI, 1994, RADIOCHIM ACTA, V66, P165 LEDIN A, 1994, RADIOCHIM ACTA, V66, P213 LEE RR, 1992, GROUND WATER, V30, P589 MAES A, 1991, RADIOCHIM ACTA, V52, P41 MCCARTHY J, 1998, GROUND WATER, V36, P251 MCCARTHY JF, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1223 MCCARTHY JF, 1998, J CONTAM HYDROL, V30, P49 MOULIN V, 1987, INORG CHIM ACTA, V140, P303 MOULIN V, 1988, RADIOCHIM ACTA, V44, P33 NAGAO S, 1996, RADIOCHIM ACTA, V74, P245 NORDEN M, 1994, RADIOCHIM ACTA, V65, P265 OLSEN CR, 1986, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V50, P593 PANAK P, IN PRESS RADIOCHIM A RANDALL A, 1994, RADIOCHIM ACTA, V66, P363 SANFORD WE, 1995, INT ASS HYDR SOL 95, P5 SANFORD WE, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P163 SANFORD WE, 1998, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V124, P572 SOLOMON D, 1991, ORNLTM12026 STAFFORD PL, 1998, FISCAL YEAR 1997 INT TANAKA T, 1997, J NUCL SCI TECHNOL, V34, P829 WILSON RD, 1993, GROUND WATER, V31, P719 NR 28 TC 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 24 BP 3901 EP 3906 PG 6 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 148YD UT ISI:000077561200009 ER PT J AU Doussan, C Ledoux, E Detay, M TI River-groundwater exchanges, bank filtration, and groundwater quality: Ammonium behavior SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; LAKE WATER; INFILTRATION; SWITZERLAND; DIAGENESIS; ADSORPTION; AQUIFER; FIELD AB In many countries, bank-filtrated water is an important component of the drinking water production, In this case, most of the water pumped from the alluvial aquifers originates from the adjacent river. Bank filtration is generally considered beneficial both quantitatively and qualitatively. However, in some cases bank filtration ran cause deleterious effects to groundwater quality. This paper describes such a case, focusing on ammonium (NH4) concentrations. The data were gathered at an experimental bank-filtration site which is part of a large well field along the Seine River (France). At this site, groundwater was sampled along a how line path and pore water of river bed sediments was collected with peepers or by centrifuging core samples. The pore waters of the superficial river bed sediments have high ammonium concentrations (>30 mg NH4 L-1) whereas, in the groundwater, these concentrations are lower (less than or equal to 20 mg NH4 L-1), with higher concentrations near the bank. The high NH4 concentration in the sediment is related to the heavy organic load in the river and the mineralization of this organic matter by benthic microflora. Among the different mechanisms that influence NH4 transport and retention in the porous medium, it emerges that sorption by the alluvial sediments (K-d approximate to 1 - 10 x 10(-3) m(3) kg(-1)), or even the chalk (K-d approximate to 48 x 10(-3) m(3) kg(-1)) seems to be effective in retaining NH4, This is illustrated by a model of NH4 transfer with retardation adapted to the conditions of the site, precipitation of NH4 salts is probably not involved in regulating NH4 concentration at this site. C1 INRA, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. Ecole Mines, Ctr Informat Geol, F-77305 Fontainebleau, France. Lab Cent Lyonnaise Eaux, Cholet, Fr Polynesia. RP Doussan, C, INRA, Domaine St Paul,Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. EM doussan@avignon.inra.fr CR *ASS FRANC NORM, 1994, 31790111480 ASS FRAN *VITUKI, 1983, 002 ICPCWS VITUKI ALHAJJAR BJ, 1990, J CONTAM HYDROL, V6, P337 BACKSTROM HLJ, 1921, Z PHYS CHEM-STOCH VE, V97, P179 BIZE J, 1981, TECH SCI MUNICIP JUL, P393 BOURG ACM, 1989, GEODERMA, V44, P229 BRAUCH HJ, 1986, BEHAV TRANSFORMATION, P13 BREMNER JM, 1965, AGRONOMY, V10, P93 COUDRAIN RA, 1988, THESIS U L PASTEUR S CRAMPON N, 1993, HYDROGEOLOGIE, V2, P81 DANGELO EM, 1994, J ENVIRON QUAL, V23, P928 DANGELO EM, 1994, J ENVIRON QUAL, V23, P937 DARMENDRAIL D, 1987, THESIS U BORDEAUX 3 DEDEK J, 1966, CARBONATE CHAUX DEMARSILY G, 1986, QUANTITATIVE HYDROGE DETAY M, 1992, HOUILLE BLANCHE, V4, P295 DOUSSAN C, 1994, J HYDROL, V153, P215 DOUSSAN C, 1994, MEMOIRE SCI TERRE, V23 DOUSSAN C, 1997, J CONTAM HYDROL, V25, P129 DUFFY CJ, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P1115 GOBLET P, 1981, THESIS U PARIS 6 HERRMAN WK, 1986, IAHS, V156, P189 HESSLEIN RH, 1976, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V21, P912 HOEHN E, 1983, GAS WASSER ABWASSER, V63, P401 HUNT HW, 1985, SOIL SCI, V139, P205 ILLE C, 1992, THESIS U GRENOBLE 1 JACOBS LA, 1988, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V52, P2693 KAMIYAMA K, 1979, JPN J LIMNOL, V12, P169 KUHN E, 1987, WATER RES, V10, P1237 LASZLO F, 1989, IAHR P, P179 LINDSAY WL, 1962, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V26, P446 NRIAGU JO, 1987, PHOSPHATE MINERALS PIET GJ, 1981, STUDIES ENV SCI, V17, P557 ROSENFELD JK, 1979, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V24, P356 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P472 SIMON NS, 1985, COMP CONVENTIONAL NE SONTHEIMER H, 1980, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V72, P386 SQUILLACE PJ, 1996, GROUND WATER, V34, P121 STUMM W, 1981, AQUATIC CHEM STUYFZAND PJ, 1989, J HYDROL, V106, P341 VONGUNTEN HR, 1986, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V29, P333 VONGUNTEN HR, 1993, NATURE, V364, P220 NR 42 TC 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1418 EP 1427 PG 10 SC Environmental Sciences GA 141CV UT ISI:000077125800025 ER PT J AU Clark, RM Sivaganesan, M TI Predicting chlorine residuals and formation of TTHMs in drinking water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BROMIDE AB Chlorination is the most widely practiced form of disinfection in the United States. It is highly effective against most microbiological contaminants. However, there is concern that the disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed by the use of chlorine might be carcinogenic. One class of DBPs that are formed and the only class of DBPs that currently are regulated are total trihalomethanes (TTHMs). Therefore, much effort is being expended in developing models that can be used to predict both TTHMs and chlorine residual levels in treated drinking water. This paper presents a model that predicts both TTHMs and chlorine residuals based on the consumption of chlorine and can be used to assist in evaluating the complex balance between microbial and DBP risks associated with disinfecting drinking water with chlorine. The parameters of the model have been found to be functions of total organic carbon, pH, temperature, and initial chlorine residual level. Bromide and the subsequent formation of brominated by-products were not considered in this paper. C1 US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resour Div, Nat Risk Mgmt Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. ALM Joint Venture, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. RP Clark, RM, US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resour Div, Nat Risk Mgmt Res Lab, 26 W Martin L King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. CR *SAS I INC, 1986, SAS SYST REGR, P15 *SAS I INC, 1988, SAS ETS US GUID VERS, P315 AMEMIYA T, 1974, J ECONOMETRICS, V2, P105 CLARK RM, 1993, SAFETY WATER DISINFE, P345 CLARK RM, 1994, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V120, P759 CLARK RM, 1996, J WATER SUPPLY RES T, V45, P112 CLARK RM, 1998, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V124, P16 EATON AD, 1995, STANDARD METHODS EXA JOHNSTON J, 1984, ECONOMETRIC METHODS MARQUARDT DW, 1963, J SOC IND APPL MATH, V11, P431 POURMOGHADDAS H, 1993, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V85, P82 VASCONCELOS JJ, 1996, CHARACTERIZATION MOD NR 12 TC 21 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1998 VL 124 IS 12 BP 1203 EP 1210 PG 8 SC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 139AX UT ISI:000077006200010 ER PT J AU Buser, HR Poiger, T Muller, MD TI Occurrence and fate of the pharmaceutical drug diclofenac in surface waters: Rapid photodegradation in a lake SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATRAZINE AB The pharmaceutical drug diclofenac (2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic acid) was detected in rivers and lakes in Switzerland. The data strongly suggest inputs of diclofenac from human medical use via wastewater treatment plants. Interestingly, the concentrations in a major tributary to a lake (Greifensee) were significantly higher (up to 370 ng/L) than those in the outflow of this lake (up to 12 ng/L). It is estimated that more than 90% of the diclofenac entering the lake is eliminated in the lake, most likely by photolytic degradation. Diclofenac was not detected in the sediments of the lake, and in a laboratory experiment, it showed negligible adsorption onto sediment particles. Incubation of lake water, fortified with diclofenac, showed no degradation in the dark, suggesting minimal chemical and biological degradation. However, when the fortified water was exposed to sunlight, rapid photodegradation was observed with a (pseudo) first-order kinetic and a half-life of less than 1 h (October and 47 degrees N latitude). Modeling these experimental data for the situation of Greifensee, the data indicated that photodegradation can account for the rapid elimination of diclofenac in the lake. Several photoproducts were characterized in the laboratory experiments but were so far not detected under the natural conditions in the lake. Whereas photodegradation is often one among several degradation pathways for environmental contaminants, the photolysis experiments and the computer simulation suggested this process to be the predominant one for diclofenac in the lake. C1 Swiss Fed Res Stn, CH-8820 Wadenswil, Switzerland. RP Buser, HR, Swiss Fed Res Stn, CH-8820 Wadenswil, Switzerland. CR 1992, WALL STREET J E 0707 BUSER HR, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P1049 BUSER HR, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P188 BUSER HR, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P626 HEBERER T, 1995, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V58, P43 IMBODEN DM, 1987, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V23, P77 KUPPER U, 1996, OBERFLACHENGEWASSER LEUFKENS HG, 1990, PHARM WEEKBLAD, V12, P97 LIECHTI P, 1994, ZUSTAND SEEN SCHWEIZ MOORE DE, 1990, PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL, V52, P685 MORANT J, 1994, ARZNEIMITTELKOMPENDI REICHERT P, 1994, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V30, P21 RIESER R, 1997, THESIS ETH ZURICH STAN HJ, 1994, VOM WASSER, V83, P57 STUMPF M, 1996, WASSER, V86, P291 ULRICH MM, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1674 ZEPP RG, 1977, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V11, P359 NR 17 TC 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 22 BP 3449 EP 3456 PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 138RQ UT ISI:000076986800001 ER PT J AU Ding, WH Tzing, SH TI Analysis of nonylphenol polyethoxylates and their degradation products in river water and sewage effluent by gas chromatography ion trap (tandem) mass spectrometry with electron impact and chemical ionization SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE water analysis; sewage effluent; environmental analysis; nonylphenol polyethoxylates; polyethoxylates; surfactants ID NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ALKYLPHENOL; TRANSFORMATION; IDENTIFICATION; CARBOXYLATES; BEHAVIOR; RESIDUES; SPECTRA; MS AB A method is presented for the analysis of nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPEO) residues and their degradation products, nonylphenol polyethoxy carboxylates and carboxyalkylphenol ethoxy carboxylates, in the samples of river water and sewage effluent. The method involves extraction of the samples by graphitized carbon black (GCB) cartridge, propylation by a propanol/acetyl chloride derivatization procedure, and separation, identification and quantitation by ion-trap GC-MS with electron impact ionization (EI), liquid-chemical ionization (CI) and CI-MS-MS modes. The large-volume injection technique provides high precision and sensitivity for both NPEO residues and their degradation products, to quantitation at greater than or equal to 0.01 mu g/l in 100 ml of water samples. Dicarboxylic acids of NPEO residues were identified by the CI-MS-MS technique with relatively high concentrations in the samples of river water and sewage effluent. Recovery of nonylphenol and octylphenoxyacetic acid in spiked water samples ranged from 81 to 107%. Relative standard deviations of replicate analyses ranged from 2 to 12%. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. RP Ding, WH, Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. CR AHEL M, 1985, ANAL CHEM, V57, P2584 AHEL M, 1994, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V26, P540 AHEL M, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1131 AHEL M, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1143 BALL HA, 1985, WATER CHLORINATION, V5 BLACKBURN MA, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P1623 DING WH, UNPUB DING WH, 1994, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V8, P1016 DING WH, 1996, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V354, P48 EBERLIN MN, 1992, J AM CHEM SOC, V114, P2884 FIELD JA, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P3544 FUJITA Y, 1997, THESIS STANFORD U JING H, 1997, ANAL CHEM, V69, P1426 MOL HGJ, 1995, J HIGH RES CHROMATOG, V18, P19 MUNSON MSB, 1966, J AM CHEM SOC, V88, P4337 NOOI JR, 1970, TENSIDE DETERGENTS, V7, P61 PLOMLEY JB, 1996, ANAL CHEM, V68, P2345 PYLE SM, 1997, J AM SOC MASS SPECTR, V8, P183 REINHARD M, 1982, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V16, P351 SANDRA P, 1995, HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM, V18, P545 STEPHANOU E, 1982, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V16, P800 STEPHANOU E, 1984, ORG MASS SPECTROM, V19, P510 STEPHANOU E, 1988, BIOMED ENVIRON MASS, V15, P275 SWISHER RD, 1987, SURFACTANT BIODEGRAD TSANG CW, 1975, J CHEM SOC P2, P1718 TURNES I, 1996, J CHROMATOGR A, V743, P283 NR 26 TC 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 16 PY 1998 VL 824 IS 1 BP 79 EP 90 PG 12 SC Chemistry, Analytical; Biochemical Research Methods GA 133PM UT ISI:000076695000010 ER PT J AU Ternes, TA TI Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE drugs; antiphlogistics; lipid regulating agents; anticancer agents; diazepam; betablockers; beta(2)-sympathomimetics; carbamazepine; rivers and streams; sewage treatment plant effluents ID PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; THERAPEUTIC USE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; METABOLITES AB The occurrence of 32 drug residues belonging to different medicinal classes like antiphlogistics, lipid regulators. psychiatric drugs, antiepileptic drugs, betablockers and beta(2)-sympathomimetics as well as five metabolites has been investigated in German municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) discharges, river and stream waters. Due to the incomplete removal of drug residues during passage through a STP, above 80% of the selected drugs were detectable in at least one municipal STP effluent with concentration levels up to 6.3 mu g l(-1) (carbamazepine) and thus resulting in the contamination of the receiving waters. 20 different drugs and 4 corresponding metabolites were measured in river and stream waters. Mainly acidic drugs like the lipid regulators bezafibrate, gemfibrozil, the antiphlogistics diclofenac, ibuprofen, indometacine, naproxen, phenazone and the metabolites clofibric acid, fenofibric acid and salicylic acid as well as neutral or weak basic drugs like the betablockers metoprolol, propranolol and the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine were found to be ubiquitously present in the rivers and streams, mostly in the ng l(-1)-range. However, maximum concentrations were determined up to 3.1 mu g l(-1) and median values as high as 0.35 mu g l(-1) (both bezafibrate). The drugs detected in the environment were predominantly applied in human medicine. It can therefore be assumed that the load of municipal STP effluents in the surface water highly influences the contamination. Due to their wide spread presence in the aquatic environment many of these drugs have to be classified as relevant environmental chemicals. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ESWE Inst Water Res & Water Technol, D-65201 Wiesbaden, Germany. RP Ternes, TA, ESWE Inst Water Res & Water Technol, Sohnleinstr 158, D-65201 Wiesbaden, Germany. CR *ROT LIST, 1994, DRUG REG BPI ABSHAGEN U, 1979, EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL, V16, P31 AHERNE GW, 1989, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V41, P735 BALFOUR JA, 1990, DRUGS, V40, P260 BALMER K, 1987, J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED, V417, P357 BENDETTA C, 1995, J CHROMATOGR, V665, P345 BERTHOLD G, 1993, HYDROGEOLOGIE HESS 3 FOOKEN C, 1997, SCHRIFTENREIHE HESSI, V233 FORTH W, 1996, ALLGEMEINE SPEZIELLE FREY HH, 1985, ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS, V74 HALL JE, 1990, TREATMENT USE SEWAGE HARDMAN JG, 1996, GOODMAN GILMANS PHAR HEBERER T, 1996, VOM WASSER, V86, P19 HIGNITE C, 1977, LIFE SCI, V20, P337 HIRSCH R, 1996, VOM WASSER, V87, P263 HOLM JV, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P1415 LANDSDORP D, 1990, INT J CLIN PHARM TH, V28, P298 LOSCHER W, 1994, BASICS PHARM THERAPY MUTSCHLER E, 1996, ARZNEIMITTELWIRKUNGE RICHARDSON ML, 1985, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V37, P1 ROGERS IH, 1986, WATER POLL RES J CAN, V21, P187 ROMBKE J, 1996, 10604121 UMW F E VOR RURAINSKI RD, 1977, GWF WASSER ABWASSER, V118, P287 SCHWABE U, 1995, ARZNEIVERORDNUNGSREP SCHWABE U, 1996, ARZNEIVERORDNUNGSREP SHORE LS, 1993, B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX, V51, P361 STAN HJ, 1994, VOM WASSER, V83, P57 STEGERHARTMANN T, 1996, J CHROMATOGR A, V726, P179 STUMPF M, 1996, VOM WASSER, V86, P291 STUMPF M, 1996, VOM WASSER, V87, P251 SUFLITA JM, 1989, J IND MICROBIOL, V4, P255 TABAK HH, 1970, DEV IND MICROBIOL, V11, P367 TABAK HH, 1981, DEV IND MICROBIOL, V22, P497 TERNES TA, 1998, IN PRESS FRES J ANAL TERNES TA, 1998, IN PRESS VOM WASSER TODD PA, 1988, DRUGS, V36, P314 WAGGOTT A, 1981, CHEM WATER REUSE, V2, P55 WALLE T, 1988, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V37, P115 WATTS CD, 1983, ANAL ORGANIC MICROPO, P120 NR 39 TC 258 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 32 IS 11 BP 3245 EP 3260 PG 16 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 129RF UT ISI:000076476200005 ER PT J AU Weigand, H Totsche, KU TI Flow and reactivity effects on dissolved organic matter transport in soil columns SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; IMMOBILE SORBENTS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ALUMINUM-OXIDE; SANDY AQUIFER; IRON-OXIDE; ADSORPTION; CARBON; DISPLACEMENT AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a prominent role in the transport of contaminants in porous media. As DOM has to be considered as a reactive component, now regime and sorbent reactivity should affect overall DOM transport in an important way. We focused on DOM transport in unsaturated column experiments using quartz sand (QS) and goethite-coated quartz sand (GS). Rate constrictions to DOM sorption were investigated by varying the volumetric now rate, while extent and reversibility of sorption were studied in consecutive adsorption and desorption steps. In the QS, DOM retention was low and unaffected by changes in now rate. Desorption-step breakthrough curves (BTCs) and mass balances show full reversibility of the sorption process. However, DOM retention in GS was significant and sensitive to now variation, indicative of nonequilibrium sorption. At lower now rates, DOM breakthrough exhibited a change in curvature (shoulder) due to the superimposition of two BTCs representing reactive and nonreactive DOM fractions. Transport was successfully modeled assuming these two fractions governed overall DOM mobility. At higher flow rates, the BTC shoulder vanished due to reduced contact time between the DOM and the solid phase (rate-limited sorption). Sorption of DOM on GS is accompanied by a marked rise in effluent pH, indicative of a ligand-exchange mechanism. Recovery of DOM during desorption was incomplete due to either partially irreversible sorption or strongly rate-limited desorption. Increased DOM mobility in the consecutive adsorption step resulted from partial blocking of sorption sites by the initial pulse of DOM. C1 Univ Bayreuth, Soil Phys Div, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Totsche, KU, Univ Bayreuth, Soil Phys Div, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. EM totsche@uni-bayreuth.de CR BROWN AD, 1991, J ENVIRON QUAL, V20, P839 BRUSSEAU M, 1989, CRC CRIT R ENVIRON, V19, P22 BURGISSER CS, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P943 BUURMAN P, 1985, J SOIL SCI, V36, P255 DAVIS JA, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P1223 DAVIS JA, 1982, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V46, P2381 DAWSON HJ, 1978, SOIL SCI, V126, P290 GRIFFIN RA, 1973, SOIL SCI, V116, P26 GU B, 1995, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V59, P219 GU BH, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P38 GU BH, 1996, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V60, P2977 GUGGENBERGER G, 1994, ORG GEOCHEM, V21, P1 HEYES A, 1992, SOIL SCI, V154, P226 HIEMSTRA T, 1990, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V136, P132 JARDINE PM, 1989, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V53, P1387 JOHNSON WP, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P807 KNABNER P, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1611 LEENHEER JA, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P578 LIU HM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P1553 MCCARTHY JF, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P469 MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P667 MCCARTHY JF, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1223 MEHRA OP, 1960, CLAYS CLAY MINERALS, V7, P317 MEUSSEN JC, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P481 MURPHY EM, 1992, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V117, P413 MURPHY EM, 1995, GEODERMA, V67, P103 OCHS M, 1994, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V58, P639 PARKER JC, 1984, B VIRG AGR EXP STN, V843 QUALLS RG, 1991, ECOLOGY, V72, P254 SCHLAUTMAN MA, 1994, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V58, P4293 SIGG L, 1981, COLLOID SURFACE, V2, P101 TIPPING E, 1981, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V45, P191 TOTSCHE KU, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1623 TOTSCHE KU, 1997, J ENVIRON QUAL, V26, P1090 NR 34 TC 26 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AMER J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1268 EP 1274 PG 7 SC Agriculture, Soil Science GA 130CF UT ISI:000076500900017 ER PT J AU van Paassen, JAM Kruithof, JC Bakker, SM Kegel, FS TI Integrated multi-objective membrane systems for surface water treatment: pre-treatment of nanofiltration by riverbank filtration and conventional ground water treatment SO DESALINATION LA English DT Article DE nanofiltration; riverbank filtered water; biofouling AB Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are very susceptible to membrane fouling. Therefore extensive (advanced) pre-treatment must be applied to control productivity loss. The combination of extensive advanced pre-treatment with nanofiltration or reverse osmosis is defined as an integrated membrane system (IMS). Within the framework of a project cofunded by AWWARF and USEPA three very promising; IMS's were identified for surface water treatment. This paper describes a part of the pilot plant research carried out by the Water Supply Company of Overijssel and Kiwa on the combination of riverbank filtration/conventional ground water treatment and nanofiltration. At the site of the future production plant Vechterweerd surface water is abstracted via bank filtration. The raw water has a high colour and hardness. Moreover the water contains a number of synthetic organic chemicals originating from the river. The river bank filtrate is pretreated by a double aeration and rapid filtration steps. The nanofiltration plant is loaded with Hydranautics PVD-1 membranes. During a period of 20 months the productivity control and the biological stability of the water before and after nanofiltration is studied. The nanofiltration plant was operated at 80% recovery and hydrochloric acid was applied to avoid scaling. Use of anti-sealants was avoided to restrict biofouling. For the first 160 days MTC values showed a gradual decrease in combination with a gradual increase of the feed concentrate pressure drop. Since then an exponential increase in feed concentrate pressure drop was observed caused by a strong biafouling build up onto the feed spacer of the membrane modules. The biofouling proved to be related to the quality of the chemical pure hydrochloric: acid used for acidification of the nanofiltration feed. During the total run of 480 days 13 cleanings were applied Normally cleaning with sodium hydroxide had the best results. After the severe biofouling a mechanical cleaning with air combined with a sodium hydroxide rinse restored the MTC-value and feed concentrate pressure drop. During the last 100 days of operation the biofouling could be controlled by an anaerobic treatment with sodium bisulphite. During the first 140 days of a following experiment with TriSep membranes measures were taken to minimise the biogrowth onto the membrane surface The time between two cleanings was lengthened to about 3 months, although the biofouling couldn't he prevented completely. Anaerobic treatment in a early stage might control biofouling. Cleaning experiments with a detergent show promising results in restoring the original levels of MTC and pressure drop. C1 Water Supply Co Overijssel NV, NL-8000 GA Zwolle, Netherlands. Kiwa NV, Res & Consultancy, NL-3430 BB Nieuwegein, Netherlands. RP van Paassen, JAM, Water Supply Co Overijssel NV, Oude Veerweg 1,POB 10005, NL-8000 GA Zwolle, Netherlands. CR HIEMSTRA P, 1997, P AWWA MEMBR TECHN C, P857 KRUITHOF JC, 1997, P AWWA MEMBR TECHN C, P307 KRUITHOF JC, 1998, IN PRESS P AWWA ANN TAYLOR JS, 1989, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V81, P52 VANDERKOOIJ D, 1992, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V84, P57 VANDERKOOIJ D, 1993, P AM WAT WORKS ASS W, P1395 VROUWENVELDER HS, 1998, IN PRESS IWSA C AMST NR 7 TC 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-9164 J9 DESALINATION JI Desalination PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 118 IS 1-3 BP 239 EP 248 PG 10 SC Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources GA 125YL UT ISI:000076265100027 ER PT J AU Heberer, T Schmidt-Baumler, K Stan, HJ TI Occurrence and distribution of organic contaminants in the aquatic system in Berlin. Part 1: Drug residues and other polar contaminants in Berlin surface and groundwater SO ACTA HYDROCHIMICA ET HYDROBIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE pharmaceuticals; N-(phenylsulfonyl)-sarcosine; sewage works effluents; groundwater contamination; capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry; GC-MS; GCMS/MS ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEWAGE WATER AB Several polar contaminants were found in screening analyses of 30 representative surface water samples collected from rivers, lakes, and canals in Berlin. Residues of pharmaceuticals and N-(phenylsulfonyl)-sarcosine originating from various sewage treatment plants effluents were found at concentrations up to the mu g/L-level in the surface water. whereas the concentrations of polar pesticides such as dichlorprop and mecoprop were always below 0.1 mu g/L. The pharmaceuticals most frequently detected in the surface water samples include clofibric acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, propihenazone, and two other drug metabolites. Additional investigations of groundwater wells of a drinking water plant have shown that polar contaminants such as drug residues or N-(phenylsulfonyl)-sarcosine easily leach through the subsoil into the groundwater aquifers when contaminated surface water is used for groundwater recharge in drinking water production. C1 Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Food Chem, D-13355 Berlin, Germany. RP Heberer, T, Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Food Chem, Gustav Meyer Allee 25, D-13355 Berlin, Germany. CR *AWWR, 1996, RUHRW 1995 UNT MED R, P84 ABKE W, 1995, JAHRESBERICHT ARBEIT, P81 BUTZ S, 1994, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V58, P43 DUNNBIER U, 1997, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V6, P153 FRANKE S, 1995, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V353, P39 GRAMER S, UNPUB ACTA HYDROCHIM HEBERER T, UNPUB ACTA HYDROCHIM HEBERER T, UNPUB HEBERER T, 1994, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V3, P639 HEBERER T, 1994, J AOAC INT, V77, P1587 HEBERER T, 1995, GIT FACHZ LAB, V39, P718 HEBERER T, 1995, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V58, P43 HEBERER T, 1995, THESIS TU BERLIN HEBERER T, 1996, VOM WASSER, V86, P19 HEBERER T, 1997, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V341, P21 HEBERER T, 1997, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V6, P438 HEBERER T, 1997, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V67, P113 HIRSCH R, 1996, VOM WASSER, V87, P263 KALBFUS W, 1997, BEITR ABWASSER FISCH, V50, P190 KALBFUS W, 1997, BEITR ABWASSER FISCH, V50, P31 KNEPPER TP, 1995, VOM WASSER, V85, P271 KNEPPER TP, 1996, VOM WASSER, V86, P263 SCHLETT C, 1996, VOM WASSER, V87, P327 SCHMIDTBAUMLER K, UNPUB ACTA HYDROCHIM STAN HJ, 1992, VOM WASSER, V79, P85 STAN HJ, 1994, VOM WASSER, V83, P57 STEGERHARTMANN T, 1996, J CHROMATOGR A, V726, P179 STUMPF M, 1996, VOM WASSER, V86, P291 STUMPF M, 1996, VOM WASSER, V87, P251 NR 29 TC 63 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0323-4320 J9 ACTA HYDROCHIM HYDROBIOL JI Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 26 IS 5 BP 272 EP 278 PG 7 SC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 126LZ UT ISI:000076296100003 ER PT J AU DeBorde, DC Woessner, WW Lauerman, B Ball, PN TI Virus occurrence and transport in a school septic system and unconfined aquifer SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID INDICATOR BACTERIA; SANDY SOIL; WATER; BACTERIOPHAGES; GROUNDWATER; ENTEROVIRUSES; ADSORPTION; POLLUTION AB Federal efforts to establish reliable natural disinfection criteria for ground water supplies require the identification of appropriate indicator viruses to represent pathogenic viruses and an understanding of parameters affecting virus survival and transport in a variety of hydrogeologic settings. A high school septic system and the associated fecal waste-impacted unconfined sand and gravel aquifer were instrumented to: (1) evaluate if the concentrations of enterovirus and coliphage in this system were sufficient to allow their use as indicator viruses; (2) establish viral transport rates, transport distances, and concentrations in a highly conductive cold water aquifer, Enteroviruses were found in only two of eight assays of the septic tank effluent (0.26 and 4.4 virus/L) and were below detection in eight ground water samples. Male-specific and somatic coliphage were detectable in both the septic tank effluent (averaging 674,000 and 466,000 coliphage/L, respectively) and in the impacted underlying ground water, decreasing to detection limits beyond 38 m of the drainfield. Virus transport parameters in this aquifer were measured by seeding high numbers of MS2 and empty setX174 coliphage into the ground water and documenting their transport over 17.4 m, A portion of the seeded virus traveled at least as fast as the bromide tracer (1 to 2.9 m/d), Proposed natural disinfection criteria would not be met in this aquifer using standard 30.5 m setback distances. In addition, the virus sorption processes and long survival times resulted in presence of viable seed virus for more than nine months. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Geol, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP DeBorde, DC, Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM deborde@selway.umt.edu gl_www@selway.umt.edu patball@selway.umt.edu CR 1989, FED REG, V54, P29998 1994, FED REG, V59, P6430 *US EPA, 1986, EPAOWSER99501 *US EPA, 1992, EPA811P92001 ALHAJJAR BJ, 1988, WATER RES, V22, P907 BALES RC, 1989, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V55, P2061 BALES RC, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P653 BERG G, 1984, US EPA MAN METH VIR BITTON G, 1984, GROUNDWATER POLLUTIO, P1 BORREGO JJ, 1990, WATER RES, V24, P111 CANTER LW, 1985, SEPTIC TANK SYSTEM E CORAPCIOGLU MY, 1985, ADV WATER RESOUR, V8, P188 DEBORDE DC, 1998, IN PRESS WATER RES FETTER WC, 1994, APPL HYDROGEOLOGY GERBA CP, 1979, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V69, P1116 GERBA CP, 1983, DEV IND MICROBIOL, V24, P247 GERBA CP, 1984, ADV APPL MICROBIOL, V30, P133 GOYAL SM, 1979, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V38, P241 GRABOW WOK, 1986, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V52, P430 HAVELAAR AH, 1991, WATER RES, V25, P529 ISTOK JD, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P597 KESWICK BH, 1980, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V14, P1290 KOTT Y, 1974, WATER RES, V8, P165 MACLER BA, 1995, GROUND WATER MONIT R, V15, P77 MARZOUK Y, 1980, WATER RES, V14, P1585 MOORE M, 1982, J INFECT DIS, V146, P103 MORRIS DA, 1967, 1839D US GEOL SURV ROSSI P, 1994, ENVIRON GEOL, V23, P192 SAUTY JP, 1980, WATER RESOUR RES, V16, P145 VAUGHN JM, 1983, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V45, P1474 WENTSEL RS, 1982, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V43, P430 YATES MV, 1985, GROUND WATER, V23, P586 YATES MV, 1995, J ENVIRON QUAL, V25, P1051 YEAGER JG, 1977, ENTEROVIRUS BACTERIO NR 34 TC 23 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 825 EP 834 PG 10 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA 120NK UT ISI:000075962300023 ER PT J AU Schwartz, T Hoffmann, S Obst, U TI Formation and bacterial composition of young, natural biofilms obtained from public bank-filtered drinking water systems SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biofilm; distribution net; CTC/DAPI; in situ-hybridization; Legionella and fecal streptococci; PCR- and Southern-Blot hybridization ID IN-SITU IDENTIFICATION; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; MICROBIAL-CELLS; SINGLE CELLS; HYBRIDIZATION; COPPER; STREPTOCOCCI; COLONIZATION; ENTEROCOCCI AB In Germany, bank-filtered raw water and ground water is mainly used for drinking water conditioning. Microorganisms, which are neither retarded by the subsoil passage of the bank-filtration, nor by the different filtration and disinfection steps at the water works, cause the growth of biofilms on different materials originally used in drinking water distribution systems. The development, the phylogenetical diversity and the bacterial metabolic activities of biofilms on polyethylen (PE-HD), polyvinyl chlorid (PVC), steel and copper were analyzed at different sampling points. The incubation experiments were performed under natural conditions using a flow device technique. The devices were installed after the activated carbon filters and disinfection step at the water works and at two different house branch connections within the distribution system of the conditioned drinking water of the water works. The synthetic materials were colonized very rapidly within a few days in significant higher densities than steel and copper. The total bacterial cell counts of the biofilms were measured by DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. The metabolic activities of the bacteria were quantified by the use of the redox dye CTC (5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride); which is frequently described as an indicator for respiration. The highest respiratory activities were observed in biofilms from synthetic materials grown after the activated carbon filters at the water works. A significant reduction of the total bacterial cell counts and respiratory activities of about 80% was measured due to the disinfection at the water works. A time dependent growth of bacteria in biofilms was observed at the two sampling points within the distribution system, whereas the percentage of CTC-reducing cells stabilized at 35%. The in situ-hy bridizations with fluorescence labelled, group-specific rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes revealed the following: (i) bacteria of the Beta- and Gamma-subclass of Proteobacteria were found most frequently within the biofilm population, (ii) the percentage of the different subclasses depended on the used material, (iii) there were no significant changes in bacterial subclass composition of the biofilms taken from the water works and house branch connections. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), southern blot hybridization and in situ hybridization were used to detect facultative pathogenic bacteria in biofilms. Non-pneumophila Legionella were found in a relative high percentage up to about 7% in many biofilms, whereas fecal streptococci were detected only in few biofilms of the drinking water distribution systems (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 WFM Wasserforsch Mainz GmbH, D-55118 Mainz, Germany. RP Schwartz, T, WFM Wasserforsch Mainz GmbH, Rheinallee 41, D-55118 Mainz, Germany. 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PD SEP PY 1998 VL 32 IS 9 BP 2787 EP 2797 PG 11 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA 109FP UT ISI:000075311200030 ER PT J AU Baveye, P Vandevivere, P Hoyle, BL DeLeo, PC de Lozada, DS TI Environmental impact and mechanisms of the biological clogging of saturated soils and aquifer materials SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE bioremediation; groundwater; soil; hydraulic conductivity; artificial recharge; bacteria; microorganisms; subsurface environment ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; POROUS-MEDIA; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION; ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE; SAND COLUMNS; METHANOSARCINA-BARKERI; MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SANDSTONE CORES AB The biological clogging of natural porous media, often in conjunction with physical or chemical clogging, is encountered under a wide range of conditions. Wastewater disposal, artificial groundwater recharge, in situ bioremediation of contaminated aquifers, construction of water reservoirs, or secondary oil recovery are all affected by this process. The present review provides an overview of the techniques that are used to study clogging in the laboratory, or to monitor it in field applications. After a brief survey of the clogging patterns most commonly observed in practice, and of a number of physical and chemical causes of clogging, the various mechanisms by which microorganisms dog soils and other natural porous media are analyzed in detail. A critical assessment is also provided of the few mathematical models that have been developed in the last few years to describe the biological clogging process. The overall conclusion of the review is that although information is available on several aspects of the biological clogging of natural porous media, further research is required to predict its extent quantitatively in a given situation. This is particularly true in cases that involve complicating factors such as predation or competition among organisms. C1 Cornell Univ, Lab Environm Geophys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. State Univ Ghent, Microbial Ecol Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Baveye, P, Cornell Univ, Lab Environm Geophys, Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 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WARNER JW, 1994, J CONTAM HYDROL, V15, P321 WHISLER FD, 1974, J ENVIRON QUAL, V3, P68 WILLIAMS AG, 1977, J GEN MICROBIOL, V102, P13 WILLIAMS AG, 1980, J GEN MICROBIOL, V116, P133 WINNEBEGER H, 1960, BIOL ASPECTS FAILURE WINTERER EV, CALIFORNIA AGR EXP 1, P234 WINTERER EV, CALIFORNIA AGR EXPT, P160 WOOD BD, 1994, WATER RESOUR RES, V30, P1833 WOOD WW, 1975, T AM SOC AG ENG, V18, P677 WOOD WW, 1975, WATER RESOUR RES, V11, P553 YATES MV, 1991, MODELING ENV FATE MI, P48 YOSHIDA T, 1975, SOIL BIOCH, V3, P83 YOSHIDA T, 1978, SOILS RICE, P445 ZEIKUS JG, 1977, BACTERIOL REV, V41, P514 NR 244 TC 41 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 28 IS 2 BP 123 EP 191 PG 69 SC Environmental Sciences GA ZL971 UT ISI:000073491900001 ER PT J AU Vrijenhoek, EM Childress, AE Elimelech, M Tanaka, TS Beuhler, MD TI Removing particles and THM precursors by enhanced coagulation SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WATER; NOM AB The effectiveness of enhanced coagulation for removing particles nad trihalomethane (THM) precursors at various alum dosages and coagulation pH values was assessed. Samples of both source water and filter effluent were examined by counting particles and measuring particle size distribution, turbidity, total organic carbon, ultraviolet light absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), and THM formation potential. Removal of particles and turbidity increased substantially at alum dosages above 20 mg/L. Particle removal was not significantly different at adjusted pH (5.5) compared with ambient pH. Filter effluent particle counts were consistent with residual turbidity data; however, particle counting provided more information on the efficiency of the solid liquid separation. Significantly more THM precursors were removed by enhanced coagulation at pH 5.5 than at ambient pH. Higher dosages were needed to achieve acceptable removal of THM precursors than were needed for removal of particles. C1 Contech Construct Prod Inc, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Civil Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Metropolitan Water Dist So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90054 USA. RP Vrijenhoek, EM, Contech Construct Prod Inc, 2255-A Renaissance Dr, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. CR *APHA AWWA WEF, 1992, STAND METH EX WAT WA AMIRTHARAJAH A, 1982, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V74, P210 CHENG RC, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P91 CHING HW, 1994, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V120, P169 CHING HW, 1994, THESIS U CALIFORNIA CHOWDHURY ZK, 1993, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V119, P192 CROZES G, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P78 EDZWALD JK, 1985, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V77, P122 EDZWALD JK, 1985, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V113, P167 ELIMELECH M, 1995, PARTICLE DEPOSITION FOX KR, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P87 GROSSMAN LH, 1993, WATER RES, V27, P1323 HALL ES, 1965, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V57, P1149 HAYDEN PL, 1974, AQUEOUS ENV CHEM MET HUBEL RE, 1987, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V79, P98 JAMES RO, 1972, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V40, P64 KOCH B, P 1988 AWWA WQTC ST KOCH B, 1991, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V83, P62 KRASNER SW, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P34 KRASNER SW, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P93 KRASNER SW, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P66 LETTERMAN RD, 1991, AWWA LIANG L, 1990, AQUAT SCI, V52, P32 LIANG S, UNPUB BENCH SCALE ST MONTGOMERY JM, 1985, WATER TREATMENT PRIN NAJM IN, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P98 OMELIA CR, 1985, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V111, P874 OWEN DM, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P46 PONTIUS FW, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P36 RANDTKE SJ, 1988, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V80, P40 SOLOGABRIELE H, 1996, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V88, P76 NR 31 TC 10 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 1998 VL 90 IS 4 BP 139 EP 150 PG 12 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA ZH660 UT ISI:000073134300021 ER PT J AU Trefry, MG TI Analytical series expressions for Hantush's M and S functions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RECHARGE; WATER; FLOW AB M. S. Hantush established relationships between the dynamics of groundwater mounding beneath recharge zones and two integral functions, M and S. Exact algebraic expressions for these functions are developed in terms of a formal power series expansion. This expansion may be reordered to provide two independent analytical partial summations involving elementary functions. The convergence characteristics of these two formulae are discussed and compared with numerical quadratures of M and, hence, S. The algebraic expressions are used to generate identities for related integrals. Compact algebraic approximations to M and S can be deduced from the series expansions with essentially arbitrary accuracy, while retaining valuable functional information. For example, a simple two-term truncated sum yields a reasonable approximation to M over a useful range of arguments. The results are amenable for use in further theoretical studies of groundwater percolation and mounding where numerical quadratures may be undesirable. C1 CSIRO Land & Water, Ctr Groundwater Studies, Wembley, WA 6014, Australia. RP Trefry, MG, CSIRO Land & Water, Ctr Groundwater Studies, Private Bag PO, Wembley, WA 6014, Australia. CR ABRAMOWITZ M, 1965, HDB MATH FUNCTIONS ALLEN DS, 1986, GROUND WATER, V24, P791 ERDELYI A, 1953, HIGH TRANSCENDENTAL, V1, P27 ERDELYI A, 1954, TABLES INTEGRAL TRAN, V1 FINNEMORE EJ, 1993, GROUND WATER, V31, P884 GRADSHTEYN IS, 1965, TABLE INTEGRALS SERI HANTUSH MS, 1961, 102 NM I MIN TECHN R HANTUSH MS, 1964, ADV HYDROSCI, V1, P281 HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 HANTUSH MS, 1967, WATER RESOUR RES, V3, P227 HANTUSH MS, 1967, WATER RESOUR RES, V3, P235 JOLLEY LBW, 1961, SUMMATION SERIES KINZELBACH W, 1986, GROUNDWATER MODELLIN NEWSOM JM, 1988, GROUND WATER, V26, P703 RAI SN, 1995, J HYDROL, V167, P167 ROSEN N, 1931, PHYS REV, V38, P2099 SCHMIDTKE KD, 1982, WATER RESOUR RES, V18, P1519 WARNER JW, 1989, WATER RESOUR BULL, V25, P401 WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 WOLFRAM S, 1992, MATH SYSTEM DOING MA NR 20 TC 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 909 EP 913 PG 5 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA ZE657 UT ISI:000072816600033 ER PT J AU Langedal, M Ottesen, RT TI Airborne pollution in five drainage basins in eastern Finnmark, Norway: An evaluation of overbank sediments as sampling medium for environmental studies and geochemical mapping SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE accumulation processes; accumulation rate; airborne pollution; copper; nickel; overbank sediments ID HEAVY-METALS; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; CONTAMINATION; NEWFOUNDLAND; ACCUMULATION; NETHERLANDS; BELGIUM; GEUL AB To study whether airborne pollution can be detected in overbank sediments, samples collected from five overbank sediment profiles in eastern Finnmark, Norway, at 1 cm depth intervals, were subjected to chemical analysis and Pb-210 dating. The studied drainage basins constitute parts of an area polluted by emissions from two Ni-Cu smelters in Russia. In the most polluted catchment area, the surface sample showed a 5-fold higher Ni concentration and a 3-fold higher Cu concentration than the pre-industrial sediments at depth. The increases started at the same time as the smelters. Slight Ni increases were also detected in the neighbouring drainage basin, while no significant concentration change was seen in drainage basins previously shown to be only weakly influenced by the smelter emissions. In the most polluted drainage basin. the increase in Ni accumulation rate did not equal the airborne deposition rate. Selective surface erosion of fine grained particles with adhering airborne Ni has probably caused excess Ni accumulation in both overbank and lake sediments, On the contrary, opening of minerogenic point sources may dilute the pollutant concentrations in the drainage sediments. Thus, dating of the sediment profiles is necessary to determine the airborne pollutant accumulation rates. However, dating is not necessary to map the resultant concentration increase, that may show the increased exposure of humans and biota in contact with the sediments. C1 Geol Survey Norway, N-7004 Trondheim, Norway. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Mineral Resources Engn, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. RP Langedal, M, City Trondheim, Dept Environm, N-7005 Trondheim, Norway. 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PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 377 EP 398 PG 22 SC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA ZA207 UT ISI:000072339900023 ER PT J AU Kalbitz, K Wennrich, R TI Mobilization of heavy metals and arsenic in polluted wetland soils and its dependence on dissolved organic matter SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; arsenic; mobilization; wetland soils; percolation experiment; dissolved organic matter ID SOLUBLE ORGANICS; SPECIATION; TRANSPORT; CADMIUM; COPPER; ZINC; CHEMISTRY; CARBON; SLUDGE; PINE AB The wetland soils of the Mulde river in the industrial district of Bitterfeld-Wolfen (Germany) are highly contaminated with heavy metals and arsenic. We studied the mobility of accumulated heavy metals and arsenic and the influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on element mobility. Undisturbed soil cores were taken from five different sites to represent a wide range of heavy-metal contamination, soil properties and dissolved organic carbon (DOG) concentrations. The acid-soluble concentrations (mostly equal to the total content) were up to 1100 mg kg(-1) for Zn, 800 mg kg(-1) for Cr, 364 mg kg(-1) for Cu, 265 mg kg(-1) for As and 37 mg kg(-1) for Hg, depending on the sampling site. Percolation experiments using small lysimeters with undisturbed topsoil cores illustrated a considerable mobilization of Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr and Hg, depending on soil properties. Up to 80 mu g 1(-1) Cd, 8 mg 1(-1) Zn, 130 mu g 1(-1) Cr, 160 mu g 1(-1) Cu and 7 mu g 1(-1) Hg were detected in the soil percolates. Arsenic mobilization was low. The concentration of Cr, Hg, Cu and As in the soil percolates was positively correlated with DOM. Besides the element content (mobile or acid-soluble), soil pH and soil characteristics describing the soil potential for heavy-metal adsorption (clay, oxides, cation exchange capacity), the DOC concentration in the soil solution should be known to access the potential mobilization of Hg, Cr, Cu and As. In contrast, Cd and Zn mobilization depends on soil pH and mobile element content, but not on DOM. Additional studies on two soil profiles (down to 1.5 m) confirmed the translocation of heavy metals from the highly contaminated topsoil into deeper soil horizons and into the groundwater and the influence of DOM as revealed with the percolation experiment. Our results also showed that DOM is of minor importance on the mobilization of heavy metals in soils with a low soil pH (< 4.5). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Environm Res, Dept Soil Sci, D-06246 Lauchstadt, Germany. Ctr Environm Res, Dept Analyt Chem, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. RP Kalbitz, K, Ctr Environm Res, Dept Soil Sci, Hallesche Str 44, D-06246 Lauchstadt, Germany. EM kalbitz@bdf.ufz.de CR *DTSCH I NORM, 1983, GERM STAND METH EX W BISHOP K, 1994, ENVIRON INT, V20, P11 BISHOP KH, 1997, MET IONS BIOL SYST, V34, P113 BOURG ACM, 1992, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V13, P695 BREAULT RF, 1996, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V30, P3477 CHRISTENSEN JB, 1996, WATER RES, V30, P3037 CURRIE WS, 1996, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V35, P471 DELCASTILHO P, 1993, J ENVIRON QUAL, V22, P689 DELCASTILHO P, 1995, PLANT SOIL, V171, P263 DRISCOLL CT, 1995, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V80, P499 DUDLEY LM, 1986, J ENVIRON QUAL, V15, P188 FEDERER P, 1994, Z PFLANZ BODENKUNDE, V157, P131 GUGGENBERGER G, 1992, BAYREUTHER BODENKUND, V26, P164 HEMOND HE, 1990, LIFE SCI REPORT, V48, P301 HOLM PE, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P803 HORNBURG V, 1995, Z PFLANZ BODENKUNDE, V158, P137 KALBITZ K, 1995, CONTAMINATED SOIL 95, P389 KALBITZ K, 1996, 231996 CTR ENV RES KALBITZ K, 1997, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V204, P37 KALBITZ K, 1997, Z PFLANZ BODENKUNDE, V160, P475 KONIG N, 1986, BER FORSCHUNGSZENTR, V3, P84 KORSCHENS M, 1990, ZBL MIKROBIOL, V145, P305 KRUGER A, 1995, GEOOKODYNAMIK, V16, P25 LAUER M, 1992, SCHADSTOFFE UMWELT, V10, P163 LIEBE F, 1995, MITT DTSCH BODENKD G, V76, P345 POHLMAN AA, 1988, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V52, P265 POPP P, 1994, J CHROMATOGR A, V687, P133 QUIDEAU SA, 1996, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V60, P536 ROSENKRANZ D, 1994, ERGANZBARES HDB SCHU SCHAAF W, 1995, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V85, P1197 SCHACHTSCHABEL P, 1989, LEHRBUCH BODENKUNDE, P491 SCHLINKERT A, 1991, MITT DTSCH BODENKD G, V66, P397 SCHLINKERT A, 1992, BONN BODENKD ABH, V7, P271 SCHOLZ RW, 1992, SCHADSTOFFE UMWELT, V10, P277 SCHULZ R, 1996, AGRIBIOL RES, V49, P113 SHIPITALO MJ, 1990, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V54, P1530 SINGH BR, 1994, SOIL PROCESSES WATER, P233 ZEIEN H, 1989, MITTEILGN DTSCH BODE, V59, P505 NR 38 TC 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIR JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 8 PY 1998 VL 209 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 PG 13 SC Environmental Sciences GA ZA494 UT ISI:000072368900003 ER PT J AU Grischek, T Hiscock, KM Metschies, T Dennis, PF TI Factors affecting denitrification during infiltration of river water into a sand and gravel aquifer in Saxony, Germany SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE River Elbe; river infiltration; nitrogen isotopes; denitrification; nitrate pollution ID NITROGEN-ISOTOPE; NATURAL DENITRIFICATION; GROUNDWATER AB River infiltration into a sand and gravel aquifer was investigated to assess the importance of dentrification in maintaining low-NO3- groundwater supplies. Samples from the River Elbe and groundwater sampling points along a section of the aquifer were analysed for dissolved organic carbon, major ions and the N-15/N-14 isotopic ratio of dissolved NO3-. Input of NO3- to the aquifer is influenced by seasonal, temperature-dependent denitrification in the river bed sediments. Along an upper flowpath in the aquifer from the River Elbe to a sampling point at a distance of 55 m, the median NO3- concentration decreased by 4.8 mg litre(-1) and the delta(15)N composition increased by + 9.0%, consistent with denitrification. Similar isotopic enrichment was demonstrated in a laboratory column experiment with a reduction in NO3- of 10.5 mg litre(-1) for an increase in delta(15)N of + 9.8%, yielding an isotopic enrichment factor of -14.6%. A mass balance for denitrification shows that oxidizable organic carbon required for denitrification is derived from both the infiltrating river water and solid organic matter fixed in the river bed sediments and aquifer material. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hsch Tech & Wirtschaft Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Grischek, T, Hsch Tech & Wirtschaft Dresden, Friedrich List Pl 1, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. CR BOTTCHER J, 1990, J HYDROL, V114, P413 BOURG ACM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P661 FEAST NA, 1996, CHEM GEOL, V129, P167 FUSTEC E, 1991, J HYDROL, V123, P337 GRISCHEK T, 1995, GEOMORPHOLOGY GROUND, P21 GUDERITZ T, 1993, VOM WASSER, V81, P315 HEATON THE, 1986, CHEM GEOL, V59, P87 JACOBS LA, 1988, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V52, P2693 KAPLAN N, 1986, WATER RES, V20, P131 KOROM SF, 1992, WATER RESOUR RES, V28, P1657 LAWRENCE AR, 1986, J I WATER ENG SCI, V40, P159 MACDONALD AM, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P837 MALLEN G, 1997, IAEASM34932 MARIOTTI A, 1988, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V52, P1869 NESTLER W, 1993, WASS BODEN, V9, P707 NESTLER W, 1996, WASS BODEN, V5, P53 POSTMA D, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P2027 SMITH RL, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P1815 STARR RC, 1993, GROUND WATER, V31, P934 TRUDELL MR, 1986, J HYDROL, V83, P251 VONGUNTEN HR, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P3597 WILSON GB, 1994, J HYDROL, V157, P35 NR 22 TC 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 32 IS 2 BP 450 EP 460 PG 11 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA YR551 UT ISI:000071506600020 ER PT J AU Gollnitz, WD Clancy, JL Garner, SC TI Reduction of microscopic particulates by aquifers SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RIVER WATER; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; GIARDIA AB Many water utilities operate collection devices constructed in alluvial-valley aquifers. Pumping groundwater from these systems may induce infiltration of surface water containing pathogenic protozoa. However, the porous sand and gravel of this kind of aquifer can significantly reduce the number of microscopic particulates that pass through the aquifer media. A method is proposed for evaluating the natural reduction efficiency of porous-media aquifers, taking into consideration the transport of particulates through the aquifer during a period of maximum infiltration. The method allows regulators to estimate the risk of pathogenic protozoal determine the log reduction credit warranted by the water's transport through the aquifer, and determine the type of treatment needed for the source. C1 EARTH WORKS,WESTFIELD,NY. CLANCY ENVIRONM CONSULTANTS,ST ALBANS,VT 05478. CASPER PUBL UTILIT,CASPER,WY 82601. CR *USEPA, 1987, 440687010 EPA OFF GR *USEPA, 1989, FED REGISTER, V54, P27486 *USEPA, 1992, 910992029 EPA *USEPA, 1994, FED REGISTER, V59, P145 *USEPA, 1994, FED REGISTER, V59, P6332 CHRIST MA, 1972, 1879 US GEOL SURVEY CLANCY JL, 1992, P 1992 AWWA WQTC TOR GILBERT J, 1994, GROUNDWATER ECOLOGY GOLLNITZ WD, P 1994 AWWA ANN C NE GOLLNITZ WD, UNPUB AVAILABILITY W GOLLNITZ WD, UNPUB EVALUATION CAS GOLLNITZ WD, UNPUB PRELIMINARY GR GOLLNITZ WD, UNPUB WELLHEAD PROTE, V3 HANCOCK CM, P 1994 AWWA WQTC SAN HANSEN JS, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P2790 HARVEY R, P 1992 1 INT C GROUN KISINGER K, UNPUB WELLHEAD PROTE, V1 LECHEVALLIER MW, 1995, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V87, P54 LETTERMAN RD, 1991, FILTRATION STRATEGIE MORRISSEY DJ, 1987, 86543 US GEOL SURV ONGERTH JE, 1989, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V81, P81 ROSENSHEIN JS, 1988, HYDROGEOLOGY GEOLOGY STANFORD JA, P 1992 1 INT C GROUN STANFORD JA, P 1994 2 INT C GROUN STANFORD JA, 1994, GROUNDWATER ECOLOGY STRAYER DL, 1994, GOUNDWATER ECOLOGY WETSTEIN J, UNPUB WELLHEAD PROTE, V2 NR 27 TC 3 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 89 IS 11 BP 84 EP 93 PG 10 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA YF909 UT ISI:A1997YF90900022 ER PT J AU Demetriades, A Volden, T TI Reproducibility of overbank sediment sampling in Greece and Norway SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE statistical analysis; overbank sediment; floodplains; regional mapping; Greece; Norway AB Reproducibility of overbank sediment sampling was tested in twenty-nine floodplains in Europe, ten in Greece and nineteen in Norway, by the collection of duplicate pairs of samples. Distances between duplicate sites in Greece were 60 to 100 m, and in Norway 100 to 200 m. In Norway the same nineteen floodplains were sampled by a second team for the purpose of investigating differences in sampling variability and technique. Total element contents were determined in all samples. Paired samples were compared by calculating Spearman's rank correlation coefficient on the raw analytical data, and one-way analysis of variance on the log-transformed data. Pairs of overbank sediment samples collected from different floodplains by the Hellenic team and the first Norwegian team showed high rank correlations and low within-basin variability (sampling and analytical variance). Statistical results of the second Norwegian team were comparatively poorer; both Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and one-way analysis of variance, showed very low positive to negative correlations and high within-basin variation, suggesting a non-uniform distribution of elements in the Norwegian overbank sediment sequences and differences in the sampling technique of the two teams. Nevertheless, careful location of sample sites, as has been done by the Hellenic and the first Norwegian teams, reduces considerably the sampling variability, and the overall sampling reproducibility for most elements is very good for distances up to 100 m in Greece and 200 m in Norway, provided correlated overbank sediment sequences are sampled. The implication of this study for multinational regional geochemical mapping is that overbank sediment sampling must be carried out by well-trained professional teams of exploration geochemists, and where possible by one sampling team for the whole country. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 GEOL SURVEY NORWAY,N-7002 TRONDHEIM,NORWAY. RP Demetriades, A, INST GEOL & MINERAL EXPLORAT,70 MESSOGHION ST,GR-11527 ATHENS,GREECE. CR *STSC, 1986, STATGR STAT GRAPH SY BOLVIKEN B, 1990, GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING BOLVIKEN B, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V56, P141 DAVIS JC, 1973, STATISTICS DATA ANAL DEMETRIADES A, 1990, GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING DEVOS W, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V56, P91 GARRETT RG, 1969, ECON GEOL, V64, P568 GARRETT RG, 1973, ECON GEOL, V68, P282 GARRETT RG, 1983, HDB EXPLORATION GEOC, V2, P83 GARRETT RG, 1983, STAT DAT ANAL GEOCHE, P83 HIORNS RW, 1971, STAT DEFINITIONS FOR KRUMBEIN WC, 1965, INTRO STAT MODELS GE MIESCH AM, 1973, ECON GEOL, V68, P281 OTTESEN RT, 1989, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V32, P257 OTTESEN RT, 1990, GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING SPRENT P, 1989, APPL NONPARAMETRIC S VOLDEN T, 1990, GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING NR 17 TC 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 59 IS 3 BP 209 EP 217 PG 9 SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA YC670 UT ISI:A1997YC67000005 ER PT J AU Liu, GD Li, JT TI Seepage laws in aquifer near a partially penetrating river with an intensive extraction of ground water SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES E-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE the extraction of ground water; ground water-well field near a river; water table; saturated-unsaturated flow ID FLOW; INFILTRATION AB The intensive extraction of ground water from aquifers near a river is an efficient way to exploit ground water resources. A lot of problems, however, have arisen because the mechanism of ground water flow in this way has not been clear. A sand-box model and a numerical model are respectively used to simulate the extraction of ground water near a partially penetrating river physically and theoretically. The results show that the ground water will lose saturated hydraulic connection with the river water as the pumping intensity increases. The broken point of hydraulic connection is located in the interior of aquifers rather than on the riverbed. After hydraulic disconnection occurs, two saturated zones, a suspended saturated zone linked with river and an unconfined aquifer, are formed. C1 XIAN GEOL COLL,DEPT HYDROGEOL & ENGN GEOL,XIAN 710054,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Liu, GD, SICHUAN UNION UNIV,DEPT HYDRAUL ENGN,CHENGDU 610065,PEOPLES R CHINA. CR BEAR J, 1979, HYDRAULICS GROUNDWAT DUAN Z, 1984, HYDROGEOLOGY ENG GEO, V11, P39 ERNST LF, 1979, J HYDROL, V42, P129 FREYBERG DL, 1983, WATER RESOUR RES, V19, P559 FU Z, 1982, STUDIES THEORIES MET, P637 HAN Z, 1996, GEOTECHNICAL INVESTI, P24 NEWSOM JM, 1988, GROUND WATER, V26, P703 REID ME, 1990, J HYDROL, V114, P149 SHEN J, 1991, EXPT STUDIES DYNAMIC WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 WINTER TC, 1978, WATER RESOUR RES, V14, P245 NR 11 TC 1 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-9321 J9 SCI CHINA SER E JI Sci. China Ser. E-Technol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 40 IS 5 BP 489 EP 496 PG 8 SC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary GA XX572 UT ISI:A1997XX57200006 ER PT J AU Dekov, VM Komy, Z Araujo, F VanPut, A VanGrieken, R TI Chemical composition of sediments, suspended matter, river water and ground water of the Nile (Aswan-Sohag traverse) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nile River; chemical composition; river water; ground water; suspended matter; sediments; microanalysis AB Sediment, suspended matter, river water and ground water samples were collected at twelve sites in the drainage valley of the Nile River, around Sohag (Central Egypt) and close to the Aswan High Dam. Elemental composition of the river water (27 elements), ground water (eight elements), suspended matter (12 elements) and sediments (12 elements) was studied. Aswan High Dam construction, agricultural and industrial human activities have led to dramatic changes in the Nile River chemistry. Nowadays, the Nile River has the highest dissolved salt content among the major African rivers. Dissolved transport is a major process for Ca, K, Sr, Zn, Cu, Ni and V. Manganese, Fe and Cr are mainly carried by suspended matter. The Nile suspended matter is exhausted in almost all elements studied (except for Mn) compared to the world average river suspended matter. Along the course of the river, the distribution of elements in the suspended matter and sediments is generally controlled by natural processes: the relative importance of elemental transport phases; and the oxidation, precipitation and sedimentation of mineral species through the varying physico-chemical conditions of the environment. Pollution input in the Nile particulate load is not major, as compared to the natural inputs. Eight genetic particle types describe the composition of the Nile suspended matter and sediments: (1) biogenous-aeolian (or silica); (2) terrigenous (Fe-aluminosilicate); (3) authigenic (calcium carbonate); (4) biogenous (apatite); (5) authigenous-terrigenous (Fe-oxyhydroxide-montmorillonite); (6) diagenetic (iron-sulfide); (7) terrigenous (titanium oxide); (8) authigenous (Mn-Fe-oxyhydroxide). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP,DEPT CHEM,B-2610 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. UNIV SOFIA,DEPT GEOL & PALEONTOL,SOFIA 1000,BULGARIA. UNIV SOUTH,DEPT CHEM,SOHAG,EGYPT. INETI,ICEN,DEPT CHEM,P-2685 SACAVEM,PORTUGAL. CR ABDELMONEIM AA, 1992, THESIS STRATHCLYDE U, P220 ASHRY MM, 1973, GEOCHIMICA COSMOCHIM, V37, P2449 BERNARD P, 1985, PROGRESS BELGIAN OCE, P160 DEGENS ET, 1991, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MAJO, P356 ELSOKKARY IH, 1990, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V97, P455 EMEIS K, 1985, MITT GEOL PAL I, V58, P539 FORSTNER U, 1981, METAL POLLUTION AQUA, P486 GIBBS RJ, 1977, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V88, P829 ISMAIL SS, 1994, J RADIOAN NUCL CH LE, V186, P143 ISMAIL SS, 1995, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V173, P69 KEMPE S, 1983, TRANSPORT CARBON MIN, V55, P401 KEMPE S, 1988, NATO ADV SCI INST C, V251, P197 KEMPE S, 1989, GLOBAL FRESHWATER QU, P243 KOMY ZR, 1995, CHEM ECOL, V11, P25 LISSITZIN AP, 1978, PROCESSES TERRIGENOU, P392 LOYLEPILOT MD, 1985, J AEROSOL SCI, V5, P577 MARTIN JM, 1979, MAR CHEM, V7, P173 MARTINS O, 1991, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MAJO, P127 MEYBECK M, 1977, INTERACTION SEDIMENT, P25 MILLER MH, 1985, J POLITICAL EC, V91, P1 RAEYMAEKERS B, 1986, THESIS U ANTWERP, P295 SCHAMP H, 1983, GEOWISS UNSERER ZEIT, V1, P51 SEROVA VV, 1988, MINEROLOGY AEROSOLS, P176 SOLIMAN HA, 1983, MITT GEOL PAL I U HA, V55, P385 WOUTERS L, 1988, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V34, P17 NR 25 TC 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIR JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 18 PY 1997 VL 201 IS 3 BP 195 EP 210 PG 16 SC Environmental Sciences GA XL691 UT ISI:A1997XL69100003 ER PT J AU Fujita, Y Reinhard, M TI Identification of metabolites from the biological transformation of the nonionic surfactant residue octylphenoxyacetic acid and its brominated analog SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; TREATMENT PLANT; NONYL-PHENOL; ETHOXYLATES; WATER; BIODEGRADABILITY AB The aerobic biological transformation of octylphenoxyacetic acid (OP1EC) and its brominated analog (BrOP1EC) by groundwater enrichment cultures was studied, and persistent metabolites were identified by GC/MS. OP1EC is a representative of the class of alkylphenol ethoxycarboxylates (APEC), formed from alkylphenol polyethoxylate nonionic surfactants during sewage treatment. BrOP1EC is a byproduct formed during chlorine disinfection in the presence of bromide. The metabolite 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol was detected in stoichiometric quantities in OP1EC-metabolizing enrichment cultures, representing the intact alkyl side chain as a tertiary alcohol. BrOP1EC was transformed by the OP1EC-utilizing cultures only if OP1EC was simultaneously metabolized, suggesting a cometabolic mechanism of transformation. Brominated intermediates were also detected: brominated octylphenol and a compound tentatively identified as 2-aminomethoxy-3-bromo-5-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,STANFORD,CA 94305. 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Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1518 EP 1524 PG 7 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA WW948 UT ISI:A1997WW94800054 ER PT J AU Doussan, C Poitevin, G Ledoux, E Detay, M TI River bank filtration: Modelling of the changes in water chemistry with emphasis on nitrogen species SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater; denitrification; ammonification; model; bacteria; sediments ID POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT MODEL; SANDY AQUIFER; GROUND-WATER; BIODEGRADATION; INFILTRATION; OXYGEN; DENITRIFICATION; SIMULATIONS; SUBSURFACE AB Bank-filtrated water is an important component of the drinking water production in many countries. The changes in the water chemistry during the transfer from the river to the aquifer have important implications for the quality of the produced water. In this paper, we first describe certain features of the evolution of the water chemistry during bank-filtration in the case of an experimental site, part of a large well field (Seine river, France). Here, bank-filtration leads to highly reducing conditions in the aquifer. A conceptual and numerical macroscopic model of this evolution, focusing on nitrogen compounds, is then presented. The model is designed to simulate organic matter mineralization and redox reactions catalyzed by bacteria in the river bed sediments where water infiltrates. Growth and decay of bacteria are explicitly accounted for and a numerical solution is found with an operator splitting technique. The model is able to reproduce column experiments by von Gunten and Zobrist (1993) designed to simulate infiltration of organically polluted river water into an aquifer. A model application to the characteristics of the experimental site is also presented. Results of a sensitivity analysis highlight the importance of: (1) the flow rate of water infiltrating river bed sediments; and (2) the organic carbon content of these sediments, for the evolution of the water quality during transfer from the river to the aquifer. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ECOLE MINES,CTR INFORMAT GEOL,F-77305 FONTAINEBLEAU,FRANCE. LAB CENT LYONNAISE EAUX,F-49300 CHOLET,FRANCE. RP Doussan, C, INRA,UNITE SCI SOL,DOMAINE ST PAUL,SITE AGROPARC,F-84914 AVIGNON,FRANCE. 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Contam. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 156 PG 28 SC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA WX044 UT ISI:A1997WX04400007 ER PT J AU Battin, TJ TI Assessment of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis as a measure of total esterase activity in natural stream sediment biofilms SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE fluorescein diacetate; biofilm esterase activity; stream sediment; bacteria; thymidine; glucosidase; electron transport system; EPS ID MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; BACTERIA; RIVER; SOIL; WATER AB I applied the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis technique as a rapid and sensitive estimator of total esterase activity in stream sediment biofilms. I investigated the effects of temperature, pH and incubation time and optimized the assay for low blanks and high fluorescein extraction. The FDA procedure was precise (c.v. = 4.15%) and could detect 10 nM fluorescein. Spatial patterns of esterase activity within stream sediment biofilms correlated with electron transport system activity, bacterial thymidine incorporation, glucosidase activity and chlorophyll a. As such, I suggest the modified and optimized technique as applicable to the investigation of total stream bioflim esterase activity. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Battin, TJ, UNIV VIENNA,DEPT ECOL,ALTHANSTR 14,A-1090 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. CR *APHA, 1992, STAND METH EX WAT WA BLENKINSOPP SA, 1990, WATER RES, V24, P441 BREEUWER P, 1995, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V61, P1614 BRETSCHKO G, 1991, VERHANDLUNGEN INT VE, V24, P1908 CHARACKLIS WG, 1989, BIOFILMS, P195 CHRZANOWSKI TH, 1984, MICROBIAL ECOL, V10, P179 DUBOIS M, 1956, ANAL CHEM, V28, P350 FINDLAY SEG, 1984, J MICROBIOL METH, V2, P57 FONTVIEILLE DA, 1992, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V13, P531 FROLUND B, 1995, APPL MICROBIOL BIOT, V43, P775 GILBERT F, 1992, MAR BIOL, V112, P119 GUILBAULT GG, 1964, ANAL CHEM, V36, P409 HOPPE HG, 1983, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V11, P299 JORGENSEN PE, 1992, WATER RES, V26, P1495 KAPLAN LA, 1985, FRESHWATER BIOL, V15, P133 LEICHTFRIED M, 1988, VERH INT VEREIN LIMN, V23, P1325 LOCK MA, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V49, P408 LOCK MA, 1993, AQUATIC MICROBIOLOGY, P113 LUNDGREN B, 1981, OIKOS, V36, P17 MARMONIER P, 1995, J N AMER BENTHOL SOC, V14, P382 MEYERREIL LA, 1990, ARCH HYDROBIOL BEIH, V34, P1 MEYERREIL LA, 1991, MICROBIAL ENZYMES AQ, P84 MOFFAT BD, 1995, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V30, P47 PARSONS TR, 1984, MANUAL CHEM BIOL MET POREMBA K, 1995, FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL, V16, P213 PROSPERI E, 1990, HISTOCHEM J, V22, P227 RICHARDS FJ, 1959, J EXPT BOTANY, V10, P290 ROTMAN B, 1966, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V55, P134 SCHNURER J, 1982, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V43, P1256 SODERSTROM BE, 1977, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V9, P59 TUOMINEN L, 1994, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V60, P344 VELJI MI, 1993, HDB METHODS AQUATIC, P139 WILKINSON L, 1992, SYSTAT SYSTEM STAT V NR 33 TC 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIR JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 9 PY 1997 VL 198 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 PG 10 SC Environmental Sciences GA WW643 UT ISI:A1997WW64300005 ER PT J AU Alfreider, A Krossbacher, M Psenner, R TI Groundwater samples do not reflect bacterial densities and activity in subsurface systems SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bacteria; groundwater; exposed sediments; INT; thymidine; leucine ID THYMIDINE; SEDIMENT; AQUIFER; DNA; WATERS; THYMIDINE; DIVERSITY; LEUCINE; COUNTS; NUMBER AB Total cell numbers, abundance of respiring bacteria and [(3)]thymidine and [C-14]leucine incorporation rates were investigated in four groundwater wells of low nutrient content. Total cell numbers in the pumped groundwater were low (14 x 10(3) to 279 x 10(3) cells mL(-1)), and [H-3]thymidine and [C-14]leucine incorporation rates were, with one exception, below the detection limit. Therefore we exposed sediments in situ for 2 months which allowed us to determine bacterial numbers and incorporation rates of labeled substrates by bacteria attached to sediment particles. The two habitats differed considerably in all bacterial parameters both in magnitude and seasonal trends. Total bacterial numbers of sandy sediments (52.1 +/- 21.3 x 10(6) cells cm(-3)) corresponded in average to 663 cm(3) of pumped groundwater (78.5 +/- 61.5 x 10(6) cells L(-1)). For the fraction of respiring bacteria this ratio was on average 3032 cm(3) (sediments: 10.3 +/- 5.4 x 10(6) respiring cells cm(-3); groundwater: 3.39 +/- 6.01 x 10(6) respiring cells L(-1)). The percentage of respiring bacteria in sandy sediments was between 6.0 and 41.4% (average 19.8) compared to 1.0 to 24.9% (average 5.23) in the pumped groundwater. Our results stress the importance of studying the microbial communities attached to sediment, as pumped groundwater samples may not be representative for the real structure and dynamics of microbial assemblages in subsurface environments. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Alfreider, A, INNSBRUCK UNIV,INST ZOOL & LIMNOL,TECHNIKER STR 25,A-6020 INNSBRUCK,AUSTRIA. CR ALFREIDER A, 1996, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V62, P2138 BAATH E, 1994, BIOL FERT SOILS, V17, P147 CARMAN KR, 1988, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V33, P1595 CHAPELLE FH, 1993, GROUNDWATER MICROBIO CHINLEO G, 1988, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V54, P1934 FALLON RD, 1983, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V11, P119 FINDLAY SEG, 1984, J MICROBIOL METH, V2, P57 FUHRMAN JA, 1980, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V39, P1085 HARVEY RW, 1987, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V53, P2992 HAZEN TC, 1991, MICROBIAL ECOL, V22, P293 HIRSCH P, 1988, MICROBIAL ECOL, V16, P99 HIRSCH P, 1990, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V56, P2963 HIRSCH P, 1992, PROGR HYDROGEOCHEMIS, P325 JEFFREY WH, 1988, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V54, P3165 KAPLAN LA, 1992, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V58, P3614 KOLBELBOELKE J, 1988, MICROBIAL ECOL, V16, P31 KOLBELBOELKE J, 1989, STRUCTURE FUNCTION B, P221 MARSHALL KC, 1976, INTERFACES MICROBIAL MARXSEN J, 1982, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V95, P221 MARXSEN J, 1988, MICROBIAL ECOL, V16, P65 PEDROSALIO C, 1989, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V55, P83 PORTER KG, 1980, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V25, P943 RUSTERHOLTZ KJ, 1994, MICROBIAL ECOL, V28, P79 SCHALLENBERG M, 1989, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V55, P1214 SMAPL H, 1995, BAGGERSEEN IHRE WECH THORN PM, 1988, MICROBIAL ECOL, V16, P3 ZIMMERMANN R, 1978, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V36, P926 NR 27 TC 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 832 EP 840 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA WR208 UT ISI:A1997WR20800018 ER PT J AU Bales, RC Li, SM Yeh, TCJ Lenczewski, ME Gerba, CP TI Bacteriophage and microsphere transport in saturated porous media: Forced-gradient experiment at Borden, Ontario SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SANDY AQUIFER; NATURAL-GRADIENT; CHEMICAL PERTURBATIONS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; ADSORPTION; VIRUS; MODEL; MOVEMENT; SOILS AB A two-well forced-gradient experiment involving virus and microsphere transport was carried out in a sandy aquifer in Borden, Ontario, Canada. Virus traveled at least a few meters in the experiment, but virus concentrations at observation points 1 and 2.54 m away from the injection well were a small fraction of those injected. A simplified planar radial advection-dispersion equation with constant dispersivity, coupled with equilibrium and reversible first-order mass transfer, was found to be adequate to simulate the attachment and transport process, During the experiment a short-duration injection of high-pH water was also made, which caused detachment of previously attached viruses. For simulating this detachment and associated transport, the same transport and mass-transfer equations were used; but all rate parameters were varied as groundwater pH changed from 7.4 to 8.4 and then back to 7.4. The physicochemical parameters obtained from fitting breakthrough curves at one sampling well were used to predict those at another well downstream. However, laboratory-determined parameters overpredicted colloid removal. The predicted pattern and timing of biocolloid breakthrough was in agreement with observations, though the data showed a more-disperse breakthrough than expected from modeling, Though clearly not an equilibrium process, retardation involving a dynamic steady state between attachment and detachment was nevertheless a major determinant of transport versus retention of virus in this field experiment. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL WATER & ENVIRONM SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Bales, RC, UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT HYDROL & WATER RESOURCES,BOX 210011,TUCSON,AZ 85721. CR ADAMS MH, 1959, BACTERIOPHAGES BALES RC, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P2088 BALES RC, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P957 BALES RC, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P653 BAMFORD DH, 1981, J GEN VIROL, V57, P365 BAMFORD DH, 1995, ADV VIRUS RES, V45, P281 BEAR J, 1979, HYDRAULICS GROUNDWAT CAMERON DR, 1977, WATER RESOUR RES, V13, P183 CORAPCIOGLU MY, 1984, J HYDROL, V72, P149 CORAPCIOGLU MY, 1985, ADV WATER RESOUR, V8, P188 DEMARSILY G, 1986, QUANTITATIVE HYDROGE FRANKELCONRAT H, 1988, VIROLOGY FREEZE RA, 1979, GROUNDWATER FUNDERBURG SW, 1981, WATER RES, V15, P703 GERBA CP, 1984, ADV APPL MICROBIOL, V30, P133 GERBA CP, 1991, MODELING ENV FATE MI, P77 GROSSER PW, 1985, P 2 INT C GROUNDW QU, P105 HARVEY R, 1991, MODELING ENV FATE MI HARVEY RW, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P51 HARVEY RW, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P178 HOBBIE JE, 1977, APPLIED ENV MICROBIO, V33, P1225 JAVANDEL I, 1984, AM GEOPHYS UNION WAT, V10 KINOSHITA T, 1993, J CONTAM HYDROL, V15, P55 LI S, 1993, THESIS U ARIZ TUCSON MACFARLANE DS, 1983, J HYDROL, V63, P1 MACKAY DM, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P2017 MACKAY DM, 1994, WATER RESOUR RES, V30, P369 MASPLA J, 1992, GROUND WATER, V30, P958 MATTHESS G, 1988, J CONTAM HYDROL, V2, P171 MCCARTHY JF, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1223 MCCAULOU DR, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P271 NEUMAN SP, 1975, WATER RESOUR RES, V11, P329 OLSEN RH, 1974, J VIROL, V14, P689 STRACK ODL, 1985, GROUNDWATER MECH SUDICKY EA, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P2069 VILKER VL, 1978, STATE KNOWLEDGE LAND, V2, P381 VILKER VL, 1980, WATER RES, V14, P783 YAHYA MT, 1993, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V27, P409 YATES MV, 1987, J CONTAM HYDROL, V1, P329 YEH TCJ, 1992, HYDROL PROCESS, V6, P369 YEH TCJ, 1995, ENV HLTH PERSPECT S1, V108, P41 YEH TCJ, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P2141 NR 42 TC 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 4 BP 639 EP 648 PG 10 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA WQ778 UT ISI:A1997WQ77800013 ER PT J AU Cosovic, B Hrsak, D Vojvodic, V Krznaric, D TI Transformation of organic matter and bank filtration from a polluted stream SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE polluted freshwater; organic matter; biodegradation; bank filtration; surface active substances ID NATURAL-WATERS; SUBSTANCES AB A case study of the examination of the changes of organic matter in a small, highly polluted stream and the adjacent alluvial aquifer is presented. The investigated stream was actually a collector of effluents from baker's yeast and pharmaceutical industries. The stream was characterized by a COD of several thousands of mg O-2 l(-1), most of which was biodegradable organic matter. Biodegradation processes took place in the surface water, with consequent oxygen depletion in the stream. The organic matter content of the river sediment was more than 10% of its dry weight. Bank filtration of organic substances was investigated in a number of observation wells at distances of 5-150 m from the river (under different hydrological conditions). The infiltration of organic matter from the polluted stream into the aquifer was found to be significant only at hydrological conditions where the water level exceeds the altitude of the stream bed. The organic matter present in groundwater samples was mainly a humic/fulvic type, and was not degraded during the 64 days of the laboratory biodegradation experiment. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd RP Cosovic, B, RUDJER BOSKOVIC INST,CTR MARINE RES ZAGREB,POB 1016,HR-10001 ZAGREB,CROATIA. CR *AM PUBL HLTH ASS, 1981, STAND METH EX WAT WA CASTAGNOLI O, 1991, WAT AIR SOIL POLLUTI, V53, P1 COSOVIC B, 1985, CHEM PROCESSES LAKES, P55 COSOVIC B, 1985, MAR CHEM, V17, P127 COSOVIC B, 1985, WATER RES, V19, P175 COSOVIC B, 1989, MAR CHEM, V28, P183 COSOVIC B, 1990, REPORT INVESTIGATION CURTIS GP, 1986, ACS SYM SER, V323, P191 FISCHER WK, 1963, FETT SEIFEN ANSTR, V65, P37 HUNTER KA, 1981, WATER RES, V15, P203 KVASTEK K, 1990, REPORT INVESTIGATION MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P667 MURPHY EM, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1291 NISSENBAUM A, 1973, ADV ORG GEOCHEM, P39 OCHS M, 1996, UNPUB INFLUENCE CALC POUTANEN EL, 1983, ESTUAR COAST SHELF S, V17, P189 SWISHER RD, 1987, SURFACTANT BIODEGRAD, P296 THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY VOJVODIC V, 1991, THESIS U ZAGREB NR 19 TC 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2921 EP 2928 PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA WB774 UT ISI:A1996WB77400010 ER PT J AU Conrad, LP Beljin, MS TI Evaluation of an induced infiltration model as applied to glacial aquifer systems SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE induced infiltration; ground-water modeling; stream-aquifer interaction; glacial aquifers ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW DIRECTION; WELL; STREAM; ZONES; WATER AB Numerical models were used to examine the limitations of the assumptions used in an analytical induced infiltration model. The assumptions tested included negligible streambed effects, negligible areal recharge, two-dimensional ground water flow, fully penetrating rivers and wells, and constant surface water stage. For situations that deviate from the underlying assumptions, the analytical model becomes a less reliable predictor of induced infiltration. The numerical experiments show that streambed effects cannot be neglected if the streambed conductivity is more than one order of magnitude lower than the aquifer hydraulic conductivity. Areal recharge cannot be neglected if the ground water basin receives more than 5 in/yr of areal recharge. Three-dimensional flow effects due to well partial penetration cannot be neglected if the ratio of horizontal hydraulic conductivity to vertical hydraulic conductivity (K-h/K-v) is greater than 10. Surface water elevation fluctuations can significantly influence the induced infiltration rate, depending on the degree of fluctuations and the ground water hydraulic gradient. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP Conrad, LP, IT CORP,11499 CHESTER RD,CINCINNATI,OH 45246. CR ANDERSON MP, 1992, APPL GROUNDWATER MOD BERGER P, 1994, GROUND WATER CONTAMI, P645 BOULTON NS, 1942, PHILOS MAG, V7, P34 CONOVER CS, 1954, 1230 US GEOL SURV WA FREEZE RA, 1979, GROUNDWATER GLOVER RE, 1954, EOS T AGU, V35, P468 GLOVER RE, 1974, TRANSIENT GROUND WAT HANTUSH MS, 1959, J GEOPHYS RES, V64, P1921 HANTUSH MS, 1964, ADV HYDROSCIENCES, V1 HANTUSH MS, 1964, J GEOPHYS RES, V69, P2551 HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 JAVANDEL I, 1986, GROUND WATER, V24, P616 JAVANDEL I, 1986, GROUNDWATER HYDROLOG, P249 JENKINS CT, 1968, GROUND WATER, V6, P34 JENKINS TF, 1990, THESIS OHIO U ATHENS KAZMAN RB, 1948, EOS T AGU, V29, P85 KEELY JF, 1983, GROUND WATER, V21, P701 LARKIN RG, 1992, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V104, P1608 LERNER DN, 1992, WATER RESOUR RES, V28, P2621 MCDONALD MG, 1984, MODULAR 3 DIMENSIONA MORRISSEY DJ, 1987, 86543 US GEOL SURV NEWSOM JM, 1988, GROUND WATER, V26, P703 NORRIS SE, 1963, 450E US GEOL SURV, E150 NORRIS SE, 1983, GROUND WATER, V21, P287 POLLOCK DW, 1988, GROUND WATER, V26, P743 PRUDIC DE, 1989, 88729 US GEOL SURV RAHN PH, 1968, GROUND WATER, V6, P21 RORABAUGH MI, 1956, 1360B US GEOL SURV ROSENSHEIN JS, 1988, GEOL SOC N AM O, V2, P165 SOPHOCLEOUS M, 1995, GROUND WATER, V33, P579 STEPHENSON DA, 1988, GEOLOGY N AM O, V2, P273 THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 THEIS CV, 1963, US GEOL SURV WAT S C, V1545, C106 WALTON WC, 1963, INT ASS SCI HYDR ASS, P409 WALTON WC, 1967, MINN WAT RES RES CTR, V6 WEBER RJ, 1990, HYDROLOGIC DATA HAMI WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 YEAGER RM, 1993, ESTIMATION HYDRAULIC NR 38 TC 14 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1209 EP 1220 PG 12 SC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources GA WA717 UT ISI:A1996WA71700010 ER PT J AU Miettinen, IT Vartiainen, T Martikainen, PJ TI Bacterial enzyme activities in ground water during bank filtration of lake water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bacteria; bank filtration; enzyme activities; ground water; lake water; organic matter; phytoplankton ID EUTROPHIC LAKE; FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; ORGANIC-MATTER; HYDROLYSIS; BIOMASS; CARBON; HUMUS; SOIL AB The interactions between organic matter, bacterial biomass, enzyme activities and environmental factors were studied during bank filtration of humus-rich lake water. The exoenzymatic beta-glucosidase, phosphatase and alanine-aminopeptidase activities in water were measured in vitro as release of fluorescing degradation products from methylumbelliferyl substrates. The total enzymatic decomposition activity was mesured as the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA). Bacterial enzymatic activities decreased strongly after infiltration of lake water. The decrease in the enzyme activities correlated with decrease in bacterial counts and biomass production. However, the increase in specific FDA-hydrolysis activity (activity per bacterial cell) indicated that maintenance energy requirements increased during filtration in the ground. There was also an increase in the specific phosphatase activity, which might be associated with the decrease in the concentration of available phosphate. All enzyme activities depended on seasonal temperature changes. The highest FDA-hydrolysis, phosphatase and beta-glucosidase activities occurred during the summer months, when the bacterial production activity and the demand of essential nutrients were highest. On the contrary, the alanine-aminopeptidase activity was highest during autumn and winter, probably as a result of infiltrated nitrogenous material from senescing and dying microbes and algae in lake water. The close correlations between enzymatic activities and other microbial parameters suggest that enzyme activities can be used to monitor the changes in microbiological quality of water during bank filtration of lake water. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd C1 NATL PUBL HLTH INST,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,FIN-70701 KUOPIO,FINLAND. RP Miettinen, IT, NATL PUBL HLTH INST,LAB ENVIRONM MICROBIOL,POB 95,FIN-70701 KUOPIO,FINLAND. CR *FINN STAND ASS, 1981, DET CHEM OXYG DEM CO *FINN STAND ASS, 1983, DET CHLOR WAT EXTR A *FINN STAND ASS, 1986, DET TOT PHOSPH WAT D ANDERSON TH, 1993, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V25, P393 BJORNSEN PK, 1986, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V51, P1199 BURNS RG, 1983, MICROBES THEIR NATUR CHAPELLE FH, 1992, GROUNDWATER MICROBIO CHROST RJ, 1986, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V107, P145 CHROST RJ, 1989, J PLANKTON RES, V11, P223 CHROST RJ, 1989, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V34, P660 CHROST RJ, 1990, ARCH HYDROBIOL BEIH, V34, P93 FUHRMAN JA, 1980, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V39, P1085 GULLBAULT GG, 1964, ANAL CHEM, V36, P409 HALEMEJKO GZ, 1986, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V107, P1 HOBBIE JE, 1977, APPLIED ENV MICROBIO, V33, P1225 HOLZAPFELPSCHOR.A, 1987, FRESEN Z ANAL CHEM, V327, P521 JORGENSEN PE, 1992, WATER RES, V26, P1267 KOROLEFF F, 1983, METHODS SEAWATER ANA LUNDGREN B, 1981, OIKOS, V36, P17 MIETTINEN IT, 1994, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V30, P179 MUNSTER U, 1985, ARCH HYDROBIOL S, V70, P429 MUNSTER U, 1989, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V115, P321 MUNSTER U, 1990, AQUATIC MICROBIAL EC OBST U, 1984, VOM WASSER, V63, P6 OBST U, 1985, VOM WASSER, V65, P199 OBST U, 1988, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V20, P101 REASONER DJ, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V49, P1 RIEMANN B, 1987, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V32, P471 ROSSO AL, 1987, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V41, P231 SCHLEGEL HG, 1988, GEN MICROBIOLOGY SCHNURER J, 1982, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V43, P1256 SUNDH I, 1992, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V229, P93 TABATABAI MA, 1994, METHODS SOIL ANAL 2 UNANUE M, 1993, FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL, V102, P175 VANDERKOOIJ D, 1982, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V74, P540 VARTIAINEN T, 1987, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V62, P75 WETZEL RG, 1975, LIMNOLOGY NR 37 TC 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2495 EP 2501 PG 7 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA VT980 UT ISI:A1996VT98000035 ER PT J AU DeVos, W Ebbing, J Hindel, R Schalich, J Swennen, R VanKeer, I TI Geochemical mapping based on overbank sediments in the heavily industrialised border area of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article AB The geochemical distribution patterns based on overbank and stream sediments were studied in the border region of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. In total 34 sites were sampled over an area of approximately 16,000 km(2). Geologically the region comprises formations of the Palaeozoic Ardennes and Eifel, and the unfolded Mesozoic to Quaternary cover. Two overbank sediment samples were collected at each site; one from the lower part of the profile and another from the upper. In addition, samples of active stream sediment were taken from the same sites for comparison and complementary geochemical information, Geochemical distribution patterns for the lower overbank sediment samples reflect the natural situation, with lithology as the main influencing factor. Natural anomalous patterns, due to Pb and Zn mineralization, are also detectable. The upper overbank sediment clearly shows the influence of Pb-Zn mining and metallurgy, as well as other anthropogenic chemical contamination. Pollution is even stronger in stream sediment, obscuring almost completely the natural pattern. The results of these investigations demonstrate the applicability of overbank sediment as a sample medium in regional geochemical mapping. However, for an effective interpretation of the results a good knowledge of the sedimentological history and age of the sample sites is required in mining and industrial areas. C1 GEOL SURVEY NETHERLANDS,NL-2000 AD HAARLEM,NETHERLANDS. NIEDERSACHS LANDESAMT BODENFORSCH,D-30631 HANNOVER,GERMANY. GEOL LANDESAMT NORDRHEIN WESTFALEN,D-47710 KREFELD,GERMANY. KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN,B-3001 HEVERLEE,BELGIUM. RP DeVos, W, BELGIAN GEOL SURVEY,JENNERSTR 13,B-1000 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. CR *BRIT GEOL SURV, 1992, REG GEOCH LAK DISTR ARNOLD H, 1971, GEOLOGIE NIEDERRHEIN, P6 BOLVIKEN B, 1990, 90106 GEOL SURV NORW BOLVIKEN B, 1993, 93092 GEOL SURV NORW CLEVERINGA P, 1992, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NE DARNLEY AG, 1995, EARTH SCI, V19 DEBETHUNE P, 1961, ATLAS BELGIE DEJONGHE L, 1983, CHRON RECH MIN, V470, P3 DEMETRIADES A, 1990, 90105 GEOL SURV NORW FAUTH H, 1985, GEOCHEMISCHER ATLAS GEETS S, 1991, NATUURWET TIJDSCHR G, V73, P3 HINDEL R, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V56, P105 MACKLIN MG, 1994, APPL GEOCHEM, V9, P689 MCCONNELL JW, 1993, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V49, P123 OTTESEN RT, 1989, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V32, P257 PAEPE R, 1967, STRATIGRAPHY PALEOBO RIDGWAY J, 1995, APPL GEOCHEM, V10, P97 SCHALICH J, 1968, GEOL RHEINLD WESTF, V16, P339 VANSTALLDUINEN CJ, 1975, TEOLICHTING BIJ GEOL, P77 WEIS D, 1980, ANN SOC GEOL BELG, V103, P15 ZAGWIJN WH, 1975, TOELICHTING BIJ GEOL, P109 NR 21 TC 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 56 IS 2 BP 91 EP 104 PG 14 SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA VQ183 UT ISI:A1996VQ18300001 ER PT J AU Hindel, R Schalich, J DeVos, W Ebbing, J Swennen, R VanKeer, I TI Vertical distribution of elements in overbank sediment profiles from Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article AB Major and trace element variations in overbank sediment profiles in the border area of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands are described. C-14 and pollen dating, as well as identification of artifacts, were used to evaluate whether the lowermost overbank sediments are pristine or contain anthropogenic input. The variety of lithological units in the different catchment areas is clearly reflected by the element concentrations and associations in the oldest overbank sediments. Areas where Pb-Zn mineralization occurs can be delineated by elevated Pb and Zn values in overbank sediments. The history of Pb-Zn mining in the study area, and the beginning of industrialisation, can be recognised on the basis of typical element associations in the overbank sediment sequence. The heavy-metal concentrations of the oldest overbank sediments can be used as background values for stream sediments in polluted areas. It is, therefore, possible to estimate the degree of anthropogenic contamination during the course of history. C1 GEOL LANDESAMT NORDRHEIN WESTFALEN,D-47710 KREFELD,GERMANY. BELGIAN GEOL SURVEY,B-1040 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. GEOL SURVEY NETHERLANDS,NL-2000 AD HAARLEM,NETHERLANDS. KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN,B-3001 HEVERLEE,BELGIUM. RP Hindel, R, NIEDERSACHS LANDESAMT BODENFORSCH,POSTFACH 510153,D-30631 HANNOVER,GERMANY. CR BOLVIKEN B, 1990, 90106 GEOL SURV NORW BOLVIKEN B, 1993, 93092 GEOL SURV NORW DEMETRIADES A, 1990, GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING DEVOS W, 1996, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V56, P91 DUSSART N, 1993, MANGANESE BASE VALLE FIEREMANS M, 1982, THESIS KU LEUVEN BEL FRIEDENSBURG F, 1971, ERZMETALL, V24, P369 FRIEDENSBURG F, 1971, ERZMETALL, V24, P441 GEETS S, 1991, NATUURWET TIJDSCHR G, V73, P3 LAMMENS J, 1986, J GEOL SOC LONDON, V143, P253 MACKLIN MG, 1989, CATENA, V16, P135 MACKLIN MG, 1994, APPL GEOCHEM, V9, P689 OTTESEN RT, 1989, J GEOCHEM EXPLOR, V32, P257 SCHALICH J, 1968, GEOL RHEINLD WESTF, V16, P339 SCHNEIDER FK, 1982, GEOL JB D, V53, P3 STENESTAD E, 1990, ENG GEOL, V29, P393 SWENNEN R, 1994, ENVIRON GEOL, V24, P12 WEDEPOHL KH, 1967, LEHRBUCH ALLGEMEINEN, P548 NR 18 TC 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 56 IS 2 BP 105 EP 122 PG 18 SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA VQ183 UT ISI:A1996VQ18300002 ER PT J AU Gron, C Wassenaar, L Krog, M TI Origin and structures of groundwater humic substances from three Danish aquifers SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; SULFUR ENRICHMENT; EARLY DIAGENESIS; C-13 NMR; ACIDS; SEDIMENTS; RATIOS; CARBON; WATERS AB Structural, chemical, and isotopic parameters were used to identify the origins of groundwater humic substances from three Danish aquifers. A variety of analytical techniques (visible light absorption, molecular weight distribution, C-13-NMR spectroscopy, elemental composition with major elements and halogens, hydrolyzable amino acids and carbohydrates, carbon isotopes) applied to aquatic humic and fulvic acids led to consistent structural interpretations for each of the three aquifers studied. For humic substances in two-aquifers, the analyses suggested source rocks in agreement with geological and hydrogeochemical information. In a third aquifer, source rock identification was inconclusive, and multiple fossil and recent organic carbon sources are suggested. RP Gron, C, RISO NATL LAB,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL,DK-4000 ROSKILDE,DENMARK. CR *APHA, 1985, STAND METH EX WAT WA *DION, 1989, TN20 DION CORP *US GEOL SURV, 1987, METH DET ORG SUBST W ALBERTS JJ, 1992, J CONTAM HYDROL, V11, P317 BARKHOLT V, 1989, ANAL BIOCHEM, V177, P318 BECHER G, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P422 BENNER R, 1990, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V54, P2003 CHEN Y, 1977, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V41, P352 COWIE GL, 1984, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V48, P2075 COWIE GL, 1992, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V56, P1963 DELLIS T, 1989, WATER ROCK INTERACTI, P197 FERDELMAN TG, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P979 FRANCOIS R, 1987, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V51, P17 FRANCOIS R, 1987, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V62, P341 GRON C, 1991, LECT NOTES EARTH SCI, V33, P495 GRON C, 1995, P INT C NAT PROD ORG, P49 HARVEY GR, 1983, MAR CHEM, V12, P119 HATCHER PG, 1980, ORG GEOCHEM, V2, P77 HATCHER PG, 1980, ORG GEOCHEM, V2, P87 HATCHER PG, 1981, ORG GEOCHEM, V3, P49 HATCHER PG, 1982, ORG GEOCHEM, V4, P9 HATCHER PG, 1988, ENERG FUEL, V2, P48 HATCHER PG, 1988, FUEL, V67, P1069 HEDGES JI, 1992, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V56, P1753 HUGHES JL, 1974, GROUND WATER, V12, P283 ISHIWATARI R, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI, P147 KIM JI, 1991, CHARACTERIZATION COM KROG M, 1995, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V172, P159 LEENHEER JA, 1974, J RES US GEOL SURV, V2, P361 MALCOLM RL, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI, P181 MALCOLM RL, 1990, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V232, P19 MAYER LM, 1981, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY, V3, P37 MAYER LM, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI, P211 MURPHY EM, 1989, WATER RESOUR RES, V25, P1893 NISSENBAUM A, 1972, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V17, P570 NISSENBAUM A, 1973, P 6 INT M ORG GEOCH, P39 PAXEUS N, 1986, MATER RES SOC S P, V50, P525 PERDUE EM, 1984, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V48, P1435 PETTERSSON C, 1994, ORG GEOCHEM, V21, P443 PRICE NB, 1977, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V41, P1769 PURDY CB, 1992, RADIOCARBON, V34, P654 RASYID U, 1992, ORG GEOCHEM, V18, P521 RICE JA, 1991, ORG GEOCHEM, V17, P635 SIHOMBING R, 1991, ORG GEOCHEM, V17, P85 SIPOS S, 1978, ACTA AGRON HUNG, V27, P31 SPALDING RF, 1978, J ENVIRON QUAL, V7, P428 STEELINK C, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI, P457 STUMM W, 1981, AQUATIC CHEM SUMMERS RS, 1987, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V62, P27 SWAIN FM, 1970, NONMARINE ORGANIC GE THOM KA, 1987, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V62, P175 THURMAN EM, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P463 THURMAN EM, 1982, ORG GEOCHEM, V4, P27 THURMAN EM, 1984, 2262 US GOEL SURV, P47 THURMAN EM, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI, P87 TIPPING E, 1984, CHEM GEOL, V44, P349 TRUBETSKOJ OA, 1994, ENVIRON INT, V20, P387 VARTIAINEN T, 1987, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V62, P75 VILLUMSEN A, 1985, IAHS PUBL, V153, P423 VISSER SA, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P412 WASSENAAR L, 1990, ORG GEOCHEM, V15, P383 WASSENAAR LI, 1991, CHEM GEOL, V87, P39 WILLIAMS PM, 1970, DEEP-SEA RES, V17, P19 WILSON MA, 1981, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V45, P1743 YAU WW, 1979, MODERN SIZE EXCLUSIO NR 65 TC 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 5 BP 519 EP 534 PG 16 SC Environmental Sciences GA VG559 UT ISI:A1996VG55900008 ER PT J AU Gu, BH Mehlhorn, TL Liang, LY McCarthy, JF TI Competitive adsorption, displacement, and transport of organic matter on iron oxide .2. Displacement and transport SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CARBOXYL-GROUP STRUCTURES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; AQUIFER MATERIAL; WATER INTERFACE; SUWANNEE RIVER; SANDY AQUIFER; FULVIC-ACID; COLUMNS; MODELS; RETENTION AB The competitive interactions between organic matter compounds and mineral surfaces are poorly understood, yet these interactions may play a significant role in the stability and co-transport of mineral colloids and/or environmental contaminants. In this study, the processes of competitive adsorption, displacement, and transport of Suwannee River natural organic matter (SR-NOM) are investigated with several model organic compounds in packed beds of iron oxide-coated quartz columns. Results demonstrated that strongly-binding organic compounds are competitively adsorbed and displace those weakly-bound organic compounds along the flow path. Among the four organic compounds studied, polyacrylic acid (PAA) appeared to be the most competitive, whereas SR-NOM was more competitive than phthalic and salicylic acids. The transport of SR-NOM is found to involve a complex competitive interaction and displacement of different NOM subcomponents. A diffuse adsorption and sharp desorption front (giving an appearance of irreversible adsorption) of the SR-NOM breakthrough curves are explained as being a result of the competitive time-dependent adsorption and displacement processes between different organic components within the SR-NOM. The stability and transport of iron oxide colloids varied as one organic component competitively displaces another. Relatively large quantities of iron oxide colloids are transported when the more strongly-binding PAA competitively displaces the weakly-binding SR-NOM or when SR-NOM competitively displaces phthalic and salicylic acids. Results of this study suggest that the chemical composition and hence the functional behavior of NOM (e.g., in stabilizing mineral colloids and in complexing contaminants) can change along its flow path as a result of the dynamic competitive interactions between heterogeneous NOM subcomponents. Further studies are needed to better define and quantify these NOM components as well as their roles in contaminant partitioning and transport. RP Gu, BH, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. CR AMACHER MC, 1986, GEODERMA, V38, P131 AMIRBAHMAN A, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P2807 BARROW NJ, 1989, J SOIL SCI, V40, P415 BURGISSER CS, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P943 CHIOU CT, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P227 DAVIS JA, 1982, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V46, P2381 DAVIS JA, 1984, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V48, P679 DEAN JA, 1973, LANGES HDB CHEM DUNNIVANT FM, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P360 DUNNIVANT FM, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P437 GEBHARDT JE, 1983, COLLOID SURFACE, V7, P221 GU B, 1995, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V59, P219 GU BH, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P38 GU BH, 1996, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V60, P1943 GUGGENBERGER G, 1994, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V72, P111 JARDINE PM, 1989, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V53, P317 JARDINE PM, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P393 LEENHEER JA, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P393 LEENHEER JA, 1995, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V29, P399 LIANG L, 1990, ACS SYM SER, V416, P293 LIANG LY, 1993, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V57, P1987 LILJESTRAND HM, 1992, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V26, P1221 MACCARTHY P, 1991, COMPLEXATION METAL I MCCARTHY JF, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P496 MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P667 MCCARTHY JF, 1996, WATER RESOUR RES, V32, P1223 MURPHY EM, 1992, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V117, P413 MURPHY EM, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1291 PARKER JC, 1984, AGR EXP STATION B, V843 PERDUE EM, 1985, ACIDIC FUNCTIONAL GR PERDUE EM, 1988, MEASUREMENTS BINDING SCHLAUTMAN MA, 1994, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V58, P4293 SELIM HM, 1988, WATER RESOUR RES, V24, P2061 SPOSITO G, 1984, SURFACE CHEM SOILS SPOSITO G, 1989, CHIMIA, V43, P169 STONE AT, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P895 STUMM W, 1992, CHEM SOLID WATER INT TEJEDORTEJEDOR MI, 1992, LANGMUIR, V8, P525 TIPPING E, 1981, CHEM GEOL, V33, P81 NR 39 TC 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM ACTA JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 1996 VL 60 IS 16 BP 2977 EP 2992 PG 16 SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA VC980 UT ISI:A1996VC98000004 ER PT J AU Fujita, Y Ding, WH Reinhard, M TI Identification of wastewater dissolved organic carbon characteristics in reclaimed wastewater and recharged groundwater SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE reclaimed wastewater; groundwater recharge; DOC ID ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; PREPARATIVE ISOLATION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; WATER-TREATMENT; P-XYLENE; ACID; BEHAVIOR; TRANSFORMATION; CARBOXYLATES AB Nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in reclaimed wastewaters and groundwater was characterized and indicators of wastewater origin were identified. Over 50% of the DOC in activated carbon and reverse osmosis effluents was classified as hydrophilic, and no humic acid was isolated. In groundwater partially recharged by the reclaimed wastewaters, only 16% of the DOC was hydrophilic, 50% of the DOC was fulvic acid, and humic acid was recovered. The H:C ratios of the isolated fulvic acids were higher in the wastewaters and recharged groundwater than in a deep well water not affected by recharge. N:C ratios in the wastewater and recharged groundwater fulvic and humic acid fractions were also higher than in the deep well water. The H-1 NMR spectra of the effluent and recharged groundwater fulvic acid fractions exhibited a characteristic fingerprint pattern, indicating a correlation between origin and spectral appearance. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of specific trace organic compounds, including EDTA and alkylphenol polyethoxylate residues, in the wastewaters and recharged groundwater. RP Fujita, Y, STANFORD UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,STANFORD,CA 94305. 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Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1996 VL 68 IS 5 BP 867 EP 876 PG 10 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA UY297 UT ISI:A1996UY29700005 ER PT J AU McCarthy, JF Gu, B Liang, L MasPla, J Williams, TM Yeh, TCJ TI Field tracer tests on the mobility of natural organic matter in a sandy aquifer SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ADSORPTION AFFINITY; UNKNOWN SUBSTANCES; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; WATER; CARBON; MACROMOLECULES; EQUILIBRIUM; COLUMNS AB The field-scale transport of natural organic matter (NOM) was examined in a two-well forced gradient injection experiment in a sandy, coastal plain aquifer in Georgetown, South Carolina. Spatial moments described the migration of the center of mass of NOM and conservative tracer. Temporal moments were used to estimate mass loss and retardation of the NOM along a transect of six sampling locations at two depths and at the withdrawal well. Large differences were observed in transport behavior of different subcomponents of NOM. Larger and more strongly binding NOM components in the injection solution are postulated to adsorb and displace weakly binding, low-molecular weight NOM in groundwater. Conversely, NOM components that were similar to the groundwater NOM were transported almost conservatively, presumably due to ''passivation'' of the aquifer by previously adsorbed components of the groundwater NOM. NOM may thus exhibit two types of effects on contaminant dynamics in the subsurface. When the equilibria between solution and solid phase NOM is disrupted by introduction of a novel source of NOM, descriptions of the multicomponent transport process are complex and predictive modeling is problematic. Because of the differences in transport behavior of NOM subcomponents, the chemical properties and, more importantly, the functional behavior of NOM with respect to contaminant migration will vary with time and distance along a flow path. However, when groundwater NOM exists at a steady state with respect to adsorption on aquifer surfaces, the migration of NOM, and the contaminant-NOM complex, may be approximated as the transport of a conservative solute. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA,DEPT GEOL,E-08193 BARCELONA,SPAIN. CLEMSON UNIV,BARUCH FOREST SCI INST,CLEMSON,SC 29631. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT HYDROL & WATER RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP McCarthy, JF, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. CR AIKEN GR, 1992, ORG GEOCHEM, V18, P567 AMIRBAHMAN A, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P2807 ANNESINI MC, 1988, IND ENG CHEM RES, V27, P1212 BOGGS JM, 1992, WATER RESOUR RES, V28, P3325 CAMERON DR, 1977, WATER RESOUR RES, V13, P183 DAVIS JA, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P1223 DUNNIVANT FM, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P360 DUNNIVANT FM, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P437 ENFIELD CG, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P1278 GAUTHIER TD, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P243 GU B, 1995, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V59, P219 GU B, 1996, IN PRESS GEOCHIM COS GU BH, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P38 JARDINE PM, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V26, P393 JAYARAJ K, 1985, IND ENG CHEM PROC DD, V24, P1230 KAGE H, 1987, IND ENG CHEM RES, V26, P284 KAN AT, 1990, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V9, P253 KUKKONEN J, 1990, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V19, P551 KUKKONEN J, 1991, ORGANIC SUBSTANCES S, P111 LIANG LY, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P1864 LIANG LY, 1993, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V57, P1987 MAGEE BR, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P323 MARINSKY JA, 1986, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V20, P349 MASPLA J, 1992, GROUND WATER, V30, P958 MASPLA J, 1993, THESIS U ARIZ TUCSON MCCARTHY JF, 1989, CHEMOSPHERE, V19, P1911 MCCARTHY JF, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P496 MCCARTHY JF, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P667 MCCARTHY JF, 1995, 209 ANN M AM CHEM SO MOON H, 1991, CHEM ENG SCI, V46, P23 MURPHY EM, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1291 NASH K, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P834 OKAZAKI M, 1981, J CHEM ENG JPN, V14, P26 PERDUE EM, 1989, AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTA, P281 RAJARAM H, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P1239 ROBERTS PV, 1986, WATER RESOUR RES, V22, P2047 RYAN JN, 1990, WATER RESOUR RES, V26, P307 SRIVASTAVA R, 1992, ADV WATER RESOUR, V15, P275 STEVENSON FJ, 1971, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V35, P417 THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY TRAINA SJ, 1989, J ENVIRON QUAL, V19, P151 VALOCCHI AJ, 1985, WATER RESOUR RES, V21, P808 WILLIAMS TM, 1991, NAT RES DEV C CONTR, P179 YEH TCJ, 1995, WATER RESOUR RES, V31, P2141 ZSOLNAY A, 1992, CHEMOSPHERE, V24, P663 NR 45 TC 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1223 EP 1238 PG 16 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA UH882 UT ISI:A1996UH88200007 ER PT J AU Ding, WH Fujita, Y Aeschimann, R Reinhard, M TI Identification of organic residues in tertiary effluents by GC/EI-MS, GC/CI-MS and GC/TSQ-MS SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACID; WATER AB A method was developed for the analysis of non-volatile dissolved organic residues in tertiary treated wastewater effluents. This method involved concentration of samples by rotary evaporation, propylation using propanol/formic acid/acetyl chloride, and separation, detection and quantitation by capillary GC/EI and CI-MS and GC/TSQ-MS analysis. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) was the most prominent compound found in both granular activated carbon (GAG) and chlorinated GAC effluents (110 and 140 mu g/L, respectively). Other compounds identified included nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), carboxyalkylphenoxy ethoxy carboxylates, poly(propoxy), poly(ethoxy) or poly(ethoxy)(propoxy) compounds, small aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aldehydes, all at mu g/L levels. Approximately 80% of all chromatographically separated compounds were positively or tentatively identified. The identified compounds are estimated to account for approximately 10% of the dissolved organic carbon. C1 ETH ZURICH,ORGAN CHEM ABT,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP Ding, WH, STANFORD UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,STANFORD,CA 94305. CR AHEL M, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P697 BALL HA, 1984, WATER CHLORINATION, V5, P1505 DELEER EWB, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P512 DING WH, 1994, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V8, P1016 EGLI T, 1990, BIODEGRADATION, V1, P121 FUJITA Y, 1994, 2ND P INT S ART RECH KAWAMURA K, 1993, ANAL CHEM, V65, P3505 LEENHEER JA, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P161 LIAO W, 1982, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V16, P403 MCCARTY PL, 1980, J WATER POLL CONTROL, V52, P1907 MCLAFFERTY FW, 1980, INTERPRETATION MASS, P203 MCLAFFERTY FW, 1980, INTERPRETATION MASS, P211 MORRISON RT, 1992, ORGANIC CHEM, P680 REINHARD M, 1982, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V16, P351 REINHARD M, 1986, J AM WATER WORKER AS, V4, P163 REINHARD M, 1994, ORGANIC CARBON CHARA SCHAFFNER C, 1984, J CHROMATOGR, V312, P413 SCHOBERL P, 1981, TENSIDE DETERGENTS, V18, P64 STEBER J, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V49, P530 STEPHANOU E, 1985, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V20, P41 STEPHANOU E, 1988, BIOMED ENVIRON MASS, V15, P275 THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY, P243 VOUDRIAS EA, 1988, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V22, P1056 WOLF K, 1992, HDB ENV CHEM, V3, P243 NR 24 TC 30 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESENIUS J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 354 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 PG 8 SC Chemistry, Analytical GA TN471 UT ISI:A1996TN47100009 ER PT J AU Ahel, M Schaffner, C Giger, W TI Behaviour of alkylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants in the aquatic environment .3. Occurrence and elimination of their persistent metabolites during infiltration of river water to groundwater SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE surfactants; nonylphenol polyethoxylates; metabolic products; nonylphenol; river water; groundwater; infiltration ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANTS; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; CHLORINATED PHENOLS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; 4-NONYLPHENOL; FIELD; BIOACCUMULATION AB The behaviour of various persistent metabolites derived from nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPnEO) surfactants was studied during infiltration of river water to groundwater at two field sites situated in the northern part of Switzerland (Glatt River and Sitter River). Nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), nonylphenoxy acetic acid (NP1EC) and nonylphenoxy(ethoxy) acetic acid (NP2EC) were observed in the two investigated rivers at relatively high concentrations with average values of the individual types of nonylphenolic compounds ranging from 1.8 to 25 mu g/l. The average concentrations of NP, NP1EO and NP2EO in groundwater were significantly lower (range <0.1-1 mu g/l) suggesting an efficient elimination of these compounds during infiltration. In contrast, the elimination of nonylphenoxy carboxylic acids was less efficient. Most of the observed elimination occurred in the first 2.5 m of the aquifer, while further decrease in concentration was rather slow. In one sampling period, residual concentrations of nonylphenolic compounds up to 7.2 mu g/l were detected in a pumping station used for drinking water supply which is situated 130 m from the Glatt River bed. Concentrations of NP, NP1EO and NP2EO in both river water and groundwater showed a pronounced seasonal variability with higher values observed during winter. The data suggest that low temperatures, which prevail in winter, significantly reduce the elimination efficiency of NP and to a lesser extent of NP1EO, while the behaviour of NP2EO was not affected. Such a behaviour indicates biogical transformation as the responsible elimination process. A comparison of average elimination efficiences of nonylphenolic compounds with those of pentachlorphenol (PCP) and nitrilotriacetate (NTA) gives the following sequence: NTA greater than or equal to NP2EO > NP1EO > NP > PCP > NP1EC = NP2EC. C1 SWISS FED INST ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL EAWAG,CH-8600 DUBENDORF,SWITZERLAND. RP Ahel, M, RUDJER BOSKOVIC INST,CTR MARINE RES,POB 1016,ZAGREB 41001,CROATIA. CR AHEL M, 1984, ANAL ORGANIC MICROPO, P280 AHEL M, 1985, ANAL CHEM, V57, P1577 AHEL M, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P697 AHEL M, 1987, THESIS U ZAGREB ZAGR AHEL M, 1991, B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX, V47, P586 AHEL M, 1993, CHEMOSPHERE, V26, P1471 AHEL M, 1993, ENVIRON POLLUT, V79, P243 AHEL M, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1131 AHEL M, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1143 BALL HA, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P951 BARBER LB, 1988, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V22, P205 BRUNNER PH, 1988, WATER RES, V22, P1465 CLARK LB, 1992, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V47, P167 EKELUND R, 1990, ENVIRON POLLUT, V64, P107 FIELD JA, 1992, J CONTAM HYDROL, V9, P55 GIGER W, 1984, SCIENCE, V225, P623 GIGER W, 1987, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V19, P449 GRANMO A, 1989, ENVIRON POLLUT, V59, P115 GROB K, 1976, J CHROMATOGR, V117, P285 HOEHN E, 1987, WATER RESOUR RES, V23, P633 HOLT MS, 1992, HDB ENV CHEM F, V3, P89 KUHN E, 1986, ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTA, P349 NAYLOR CG, 1992, 3RD P CESIO INT SURF, P11 NAYLOR CG, 1992, J AM OIL CHEM SOC, V69, P695 REINHARD M, 1982, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V16, P351 RENBERG L, 1981, J CHROMATOGR, V214, P327 RICHTLER HJ, 1988, 2ND P WORLD SURF C P, P3 SCHAFFNER C, 1984, J CHROMATOGR, V312, P413 SCHAFFNER C, 1987, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V19, P1195 SCHELLENBERG K, 1984, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V18, P652 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P472 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1986, ORGANIC MICRPOLLUTAN, P168 SWISHER RD, 1987, SURFACTANT BIODEGRAD WHITE R, 1994, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V135, P175 NR 34 TC 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 30 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA TG772 UT ISI:A1996TG77200006 ER PT J AU BLATCHLEY, ER XIE, YF TI DISINFECTION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROCESSES SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review C1 YEUFENG WATER RES,PELHAM,MA. RP BLATCHLEY, ER, PURDUE UNIV,SCH CIVIL ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. CR 1994, FED REGISTER, V59, P38668 1994, FED REGISTER, V59, P38832 1994, FED REGISTER, V59, P6332 ABAD FX, 1994, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V60, P377 ABUGHARARAH ZH, 1994, J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A, V29, P585 ACHER AJ, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1153 ANDREWS SA, 1994, OZONE-SCI ENG, V16, P1 BLATCHLEY ER, 1994, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V30, P115 BRADFORD SM, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P427 BRANDT B, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P137 BROWN RT, 1994, CRITICAL ISSUES WATE, P492 CARMINEO D, 1994, WAT SCI TECH, V30, P125 CASTILLO G, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1765 CHAPMAN JS, 1994, J IND MICROB, V12, P403 CLARK RM, 1994, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V120, P759 CLARK RM, 1994, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V120, P875 CUMMINGS L, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P88 DANIEL FB, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P103 DEVEER I, 1994, TOXICOL LETT, V72, P113 DINGLINGER FO, 1994, WERKST KORROS, V45, P203 DONLAN RM, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1497 FLEMMING HC, 1994, WERKST KORROS, V45, P40 FRANZEN R, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P2222 FU P, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P55 GONCE N, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1059 GORDON G, 1994, OZONE-SCI ENG, V16, P79 GREENE GE, 1994, OZONE-SCI ENG, V16, P403 GREGORY J, 1994, FILTR SEPARAT, V31, P283 GRGURIC G, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1087 HAAS CN, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1367 HACKER PA, 1994, OZONE-SCI ENG, V16, P197 HAMILTON MA, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1808 HUCK PM, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P61 HUREIKI L, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P2521 HUTTON PH, 1994, J WATER RES PL-ASCE, V120, P1 JACKSON GF, 1994, EUROPEAN WATER POLLU, V4, P18 JENSEN SE, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1393 JOHNSON RW, 1994, WATER ENVIRON RES, V66, P684 KAPLAN LA, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P121 KATEHIS D, 1994, CRITICAL ISSUES WATE, P384 KATZ A, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P2113 KAUR K, 1994, J INST WATER ENV MAN, V8, P22 KAZAMA F, 1994, FEMS MICROBIOL LETT, V118, P345 KRASNER SW, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P34 KRISTIANSEN NK, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1669 KRUITHOF JC, 1994, AQUA OXFORD, V42, P47 LABATIUK CW, 1994, OZONE-SCI ENG, V16, P67 LANGVIK VA, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P553 LEITNER NKV, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P222 LEUNG SW, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1475 LEUNG SW, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1485 LILLY PD, 1994, FUND APPL TOXICOL, V23, P132 LINDENAUER KG, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P805 LINDER RE, 1994, FUND APPL TOXICOL, V22, P422 LINDER RE, 1994, REPROD TOXICOL, V8, P251 LUND V, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P1111 LYKINS BW, 1994, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V120, P745 LYKINS BW, 1994, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V120, P783 MAILLARD JY, 1994, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V60, P2205 MARTIN N, 1994, OZONE-SCI ENG, V16, P455 MATSUNAGA T, 1994, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V43, P429 MCDONOGH R, 1994, J MEMBRANE SCI, V87, P199 MOORE AC, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P87 NAJM IN, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P98 PAULUS W, 1994, WERKST KORROS, V45, P189 PRYOR AE, 1994, OZONE-SCI ENG, V16, P505 RICHARDSON SD, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P592 ROSSMAN LA, 1994, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V120, P803 SHUKAIRY HM, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P72 SIDDIQUI M, 1994, CRITICAL ISSUES WATE, P654 SIDDIQUI M, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P81 SIDDIQUI M, 1994, OZONE-SCI ENG, V16, P157 SINGER PC, 1994, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V120, P727 STEWART PS, 1994, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V60, P690 SUN G, 1994, IND ENG CHEM RES, V33, P168 SYMONS JM, 1994, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V86, P48 TANAKA S, 1994, DESALINATION, V96, P191 TORRENTERA L, 1994, RADIAT PHYS CHEM, V43, P249 TRETYAKOVA NY, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P606 TROUVE E, 1994, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V30, P151 WEI C, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P5 WESTERHOFF P, 1994, CRITICAL ISSUES WATE, P670 XIE YF, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1357 YONGUNTEN U, 1994, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V28, P1234 YU FP, 1994, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V60, P2462 ZHOU HD, 1994, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V120, P821 ZHOU HD, 1994, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V120, P841 NR 87 TC 2 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 67 IS 4 BP 475 EP 481 PG 7 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA RH543 UT ISI:A1995RH54300011 ER PT J AU TOWNLEY, LR TI INDUCED INFILTRATION IN AQUIFERS WITH AMBIENT FLOW - COMMENT SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP TOWNLEY, LR, CSIRO,DIV WATER RESOURCES,WEMBLEY,MIDDX 6014,ENGLAND. CR WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 NR 1 TC 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1821 EP 1821 PG 1 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA RG411 UT ISI:A1995RG41100020 ER PT J AU HAVELAAR, AH VANOLPHEN, M SCHIJVEN, JF TI REMOVAL AND INACTIVATION OF VIRUSES BY DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES UNDER FULL-SCALE CONDITIONS SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DRINKING WATER; VIRUSES; STORAGE RESERVOIRS; RIVER BANK FILTRATION; COAGULATION ID BACTERIOPHAGES AB Risk-based evaluations of the hygienic quality of drinking water require accurate data on removal and inactivation of pathogens by different steps of the treatment chain. The continuing trend to reduce chemical disinfection leads to an increased interest in the effect of other processes, based on physical removal or biological inactivation. This study reports data on the removal and inactivation of entero- and reoviruses by three such processes. For comparison, data on a variety of model organisms are also reported. All studies were carried out in the winter period because the, concentration of viruses is then at its maximum, and the reducing capacities of the processes are at their minima. Storage in three reservoirs in series (average detention time 7 months) reduced the concentration of enteroviruses by a factor of 400-1000, river bank filtration was highly effective, reducing enteroviruses by a factor of at least 10,000. The effect of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation/filtration processes was highly variable, and was better when rapid sand filtration was included. The removal of F-specific RNA bacteriophages most closely followed that of viruses in these three processes. C1 KIWA RES & TESTING,3430 BB NIEUWEGEIN,NETHERLANDS. RP HAVELAAR, AH, NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,WATER & FOOD MICROBIOL LAB,POB 1,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. CR 1991, MINITAB REFERENCE MA HAVELAAR AH, 1985, J WATER POLLUT CON F, V57, P1084 HAVELAAR AH, 1987, J APPL BACTERIOL, V62, P279 HAVELAAR AH, 1993, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V59, P2956 HAVELAAR AH, 1993, SAFETY DRINKING WATE, P127 HAVELAR AH, 1992, H2O, V20, P556 REGLI S, 1991, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V83, P76 VANOLPHEN M, 1992, H2O, V20, P550 VANOLPHEN M, 1993, H2O, V21, P63 NR 9 TC 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1995 VL 31 IS 5-6 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA RF873 UT ISI:A1995RF87300012 ER PT J AU MIETTINEN, IT MARTIKAINEN, PJ VARTIAINEN, T TI HUMUS TRANSFORMATION AT THE BANK FILTRATION WATER-PLANT SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BANK FILTRATION; HUMUS; ORGANIC MATTER; TRANSFORMATION ID DRINKING WATERS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Transformations in the amount and quality of organic matter (humus) during bank filtration of surface water were studied by analyzing the changes in total organic carbon (TOC), non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC), chemical oxygen demand (GOD), color of water, and UV absorbing humus fractions. The amount of organic matter expressed as TOC, NPOC, and COD depended on temperature and filtration distance from lake water. The color of water and the UV absorbing humus peaks presenting different humus molecule fractions decreased more effectively than other parameters measuring the amount of organic matter in water. The ratio of COD to TOC decreased when the filtration distance of water increased. Our observations indicated that bank filtration of humus-rich lake water changed more the quality of organic matter than its total amount. C1 NATL PUBL HLTH INST,DEPT ENVIRONM HYG,SF-70701 KUOPIO,FINLAND. RP MIETTINEN, IT, NATL PUBL HLTH INST,DEPT ENVIRONM MICROBIOL,POB 95,SF-70701 KUOPIO,FINLAND. CR 1980, STANDARD METHODS EXA, P1134 1981, SFS3036 FINN STAND A 1988, SURVEY STUDY HIETASA, P21 1990, GENERAL DIRECTIVE NA, P29 1990, NATIONA BOARD WATERS AHO J, 1986, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V107, P301 AMY GL, 1987, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V79, P43 BECHER G, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P422 BELLAR TA, 1974, J AM WATER, V66, P703 COLLINS MR, 1992, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V84, P80 KIVIMAKI AL, 1992, PUBLICATIONS WATER A, V98, P148 KORHONEN L, 1990, PUBLICATIONS NATIONA, V251, P45 KRONBERG L, 1985, VATTEN, V41, P106 KRONBERG L, 1988, MUTAT RES, V20, P177 MEIER JR, 1986, ENV HLTH PERSPECT, V63, P101 ROOK JJ, 1974, WATER TREAT EXAM, V23, P234 RYHANEN R, 1968, MITT INT VER LIMNOL, V14, P168 SALONEN K, 1979, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V24, P177 VANHALL C, 1963, ANAL CHEM, V35, P319 VARTIAINEN T, 1987, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V62, P75 NR 20 TC 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1994 VL 30 IS 10 BP 179 EP 187 PG 9 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources GA QP631 UT ISI:A1994QP63100023 ER PT J AU AIKEN, G COTSARIS, E TI SOIL AND HYDROLOGY - THEIR EFFECT ON NOM SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACIDS; STREAM; DYNAMICS; WATERS; MATTER AB Organic matter derived from different source materials has distinctive chemical characteristics associated with those materials. Interactions among organic matter and the minerals and inorganic constituents in soil can result in the removal and fractionation of organic matter, altering the composition and reactivity of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Hydrologic conditions define the flow path and control the rate of transport of DOC within the system. The nature, distribution, and reactivity of organic matter in a given system is determined, to a large extent, by the strength and nature of interactions among the various components of the environment. C1 STATE WATER LAB,DEPT ENGN & WATER SUPPLY,SALISBURY,SA 5108,AUSTRALIA. RP AIKEN, G, US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MARIN ST SCI CTR,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303. CR AIKEN GR, 1985, HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOI AIKEN GR, 1987, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V51, P2177 AIKEN GR, 1988, HUMIC SUBSTANCES THE AIKEN GR, 1992, ORG GEOCHEM, V18, P567 CRONAN CS, 1985, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V49, P1697 ERTEL JR, 1984, SCIENCE, V223, P485 GRIEVE IC, 1984, FRESHWATER BIOL, V14, P533 HART BT, 1986, LIMNOLOGY AUSTR HORNBERGER GM, 1994, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V25, P147 LEENHEER JA, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P578 MCDOWELL WH, 1984, SOIL SCI, V137, P23 MCDOWELL WH, 1988, ECOL MONOGR, V58, P177 MCKNIGHT D, 1985, ECOLOGY, V66, P1339 MCKNIGHT DM, 1991, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V36, P998 MCKNIGHT DM, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P1388 MEYER JL, 1986, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V108, P119 MOORE TR, 1989, WATER RESOUR RES, V25, P1321 MOTT CJB, 1988, RUSSELLS SOIL CONDIT NELSON PN, 1990, AUST J MAR FRESH RES, V41, P761 OWEN D, 1993, CHARACTERIZATION NAT RANVILLE JF, 1991, ORGANIC SUBSTANCES S, V1 RECKHOW DA, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P1655 REEVE R, 1982, AUST J SOIL RES, V21, P59 THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY NR 24 TC 35 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA QC350 UT ISI:A1995QC35000005 ER PT J AU GOEL, S HOZALSKI, RM BOUWER, EJ TI BIODEGRADATION OF NOM - EFFECT OF NOM SOURCE AND OZONE DOSE SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FULVIC-ACID; HUMIC ACIDS; WATER; OZONATION; PRODUCTS AB Batch degradation experiments were conducted to evaluate the extent of biodegradation of natural organic matter (NOM) as a function of ozone dosage. Four NOM sources that might be encountered in drinking water treatment were characterized and tested. The biodegradability of all sources was enhanced as the ozone dose was increased from 0 to 7.3 mg ozone/mg total organic carbon (TOC). Increased ozonation resulted in consistently improved TOC removals for NOM sources having a large fraction of high-molecular-weight organics. Greater biodegradation was observed for the unozonated sources with lower UV-absorption-to-TOC ratios and a larger fraction of low-molecular-weight organics. RP GOEL, S, JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT GEOG & ENVIRONM ENGN,313 AMES HALL,34TH & CHARLES ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CR 1985, STANDARD METHODS EXA 1991, WASTEWATER ENG TREAT ANDERSON LJ, 1985, ORG GEOCHEM, V8, P65 BOUWER EJ, 1990, J AWWA, V80, P82 CARMICHAEL WW, 1974, J PHYCOL, V10, P238 FEDORAK PM, 1988, WATER RES, V22, P1267 GLAZE WH, 1989, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V81, P66 GUROL MD, 1985, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V77, P55 HOBBIE JE, 1977, APPLIED ENV MICROBIO, V33, P1225 HOIGNE J, 1975, SCIENCE, V190, P782 HOIGNE J, 1988, PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES HOZALSKI RM, 1994, UNPUB J AWWA HUBELE C, 1984, 1984 P SPEC C ENV EN JORET JC, 1988 AWWA ANN C ORL KAASTRUP E, 1987, 193RD P NATL M DIV E, V27, P355 KUHN W, 1978, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V70, P326 LEISINGER T, 1981, MICROBIAL DEGRADATIO LOGAN BE, 1990, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V116, P1046 MAGGIOLO A, 1978, OZONE CHLORINE DIOXI MALCOLM RL, 1986, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V20, P904 MALLEY JP, 1993, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V85, P47 MANEM J, 1988, THESIS U ILLINOIS UR NAGASE H, 1982, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V24, P133 PELEG M, 1976, WATER RES, V10, P361 PONTIUS FW, 1993, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V85, P22 RASHID MA, 1985, GEOCHEMISTRY MARINE SONTHEIMER H, 1987, TREATMENT DRINKING W STONE A, 1993, COMMUNICATION TRAINA SJ, 1990, J ENVIRON QUAL, V19, P151 VANDERKOOIJ D, 1984, GROWTH BACTERIA ORGA WEBER JH, 1985, ENVIRON TECHNOL LETT, V6, P203 NR 31 TC 31 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 1 BP 90 EP 105 PG 16 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA QC350 UT ISI:A1995QC35000009 ER PT J AU WILSON, JL TI INDUCED INFILTRATION IN AQUIFERS WITH AMBIENT FLOW (VOL 29, PG 3503, 1993) SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Correction, Addition CR WILSON JL, 1993, WATER RESOUR RES, V29, P3503 NR 1 TC 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1207 EP 1207 PG 1 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA NE300 UT ISI:A1994NE30000031 ER PT J AU CLARK, RM ADAMS, JQ LYKINS, BW TI DBP CONTROL IN DRINKING-WATER - COST AND PERFORMANCE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) is currently attempting to balance the complex trade-offs in chemical and microbial risks associated with controlling disinfection and disinfection by-products (D/DBP) in drinking water. In attempting to achieve this balance, the U.S. EPA will propose three rules: an information collection (ICR); an enhanced surface water treatment rule (ESWTR) and a two-stage D/DBP rule. Controlling D/DBP will have a major impact on drinking water utilities in the United States. There are several options for D/DBP control, including moving the point of disinfection, removal of by products once they are found, removing precursor material or natural organic matter before it interacts with the disinfectant, or use of a disinfectant that minimizes the formation of by-products. The least-expensive approach to D/DBP control is to move the point of disinfection or the use of an alternative disinfectant. The least-desirable approach is to remove disinfection by-products once they are formed. Overall, the most effective approach to D/DBP control is to remove precursor before it reacts with the disinfectant. The choice of any given strategy is very site specific. C1 RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,SYST & FIELD EVALUAT BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH. RP CLARK, RM, RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. CR ADAMS JQ, 1989, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V81, P132 CLARK RM, 1982, J ENV ENG DIV AM SOC, V108, P819 CLARK RM, 1990, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V116, P837 CLARK RM, 1991, EPAS DRINKING WATER CLARK RM, 1991, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V83, P67 KRASNER SW, 1989, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V81, P41 LYKINS BW, 1986, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V78, P66 MCGUIRE MJ, 1988, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V80, P61 MILTNER RJ, 1992, STRATEGIES TECHNOLOG, P203 POURMOGHADDAS H, 1993, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V85, P82 REASONER DJ, 1989, TECH C P WATER QUALI, P1043 STEVENS AA, 1989, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V81, P54 SYMONS JM, 1981, TREATMENT TECHNIQUES, P104 TAYLOR JS, 1989, US EPA600289022 REP NR 14 TC 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 120 IS 4 BP 759 EP 782 PG 24 SC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA NY323 UT ISI:A1994NY32300006 ER PT J AU WILSON, JL TI INDUCED INFILTRATION IN AQUIFERS WITH AMBIENT FLOW SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIRECTION; WELL AB Well water quality depends on the relative amounts of water drawn from the pumped aquifer and nearby surface water bodies, such as streams, lakes, and wetlands. Although a surface water body may normally gain water from the aquifer, pumping can reverse gradients, causing it to lose water near the well. Surface water then enters the well by induced infiltration. Two-dimensional vertically integrated models of induced infiltration are developed for various combinations of aquifer geometry and sources of recharge. The models, which have applications in wellhead protection. aquifer pollution characterization, and aquifer remediation, are presented graphically. They show that the propensity for and rate of induced infiltration are enhanced by higher pumping rates, proximity of the well to the stream, and the presence of nearby barrier boundaries. The propensity and rate are reduced by the presence of other surface water bodies. Ambient groundwater discharge rate to the surface water body also plays a role, but not its source, whether it is from local vertical recharge, lateral inflow, or both. The results are also largely indifferent to whether the aquifer transmissivity is assumed to be a constant, or a function of water table elevation. Finally, if the well is close enough to the surface water body, say, less than 5% of the aquifer width, then the aquifer acts as if it were semi-infinite. RP WILSON, JL, NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL,DEPT GEOSCI,SOCORRO,NM 87801. CR 1990, INTEGRATED SEMIANALY BEAR J, 1979, GROUNDWATER HYDRAULI DACOSTA JA, 1960, INT ASS SCI HYDROL P, V52, P524 EDELMAN JH, 1972, B INT I LAND RECLAM, V13 FERRIS JG, 1962, 1536E US GEOL SURV W GLOVER RE, 1954, EOS T AGU, V35, P468 GRADSHTEYN IS, 1980, TABLES INTEGRALS SER HANTUSH MS, 1959, J GEOPHYS RES, V64, P1921 HANTUSH MS, 1965, J GEOPHYS RES, V70, P2829 JACOB CE, 1950, ENG HYDRAULICS, CH5 JENKINS CT, 1968, GROUND WATER, V6, P37 KAZMAN RB, 1946, EOS T AGU, V27, P854 KAZMAN RB, 1948, EOS T AGU, V29, P85 LARKIN RG, 1992, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V104, P1608 MILNETHOMSON LM, 1968, THEORETICAL HYDRODYN MORRISEY DJ, 1987, 86543 US GEOL SURV O NEWSOM JM, 1988, GROUND WATER, V26, P703 NORRIS SE, 1983, GROUND WATER, V21, P287 RORABAUGH MI, 1956, 1360B US GEOL SURV W SCHAFERPERINI AL, 1991, WATER RESOUR RES, V27, P1471 THEIS CV, 1941, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U 3, V22, P734 WALTON WC, 1970, GROUNDWATER RESOURCE WILSON JL, 1981, GROUNDWATER HYDROLOG WILSON JL, 1991, 261 N M WAT RES RES NR 24 TC 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 29 IS 10 BP 3503 EP 3512 PG 10 SC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources GA MA368 UT ISI:A1993MA36800017 ER PT J AU BOURG, ACM BERTIN, C TI BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES DURING THE INFILTRATION OF RIVER WATER INTO AN ALLUVIAL AQUIFER SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; SWITZERLAND AB Biogeochemical processes occurring during infiltration of surface water from the Lot River into an alluvial aquifer are described using chloride as a natural tracer of water mixing in a well field where a Cl- rich aquifer water is recharged with a Cl--poor river water. Near the river bank a slightly reduced zone (depleted in O2, DOC, NO3, Na, and K and enriched in Mn, Ca, Mg, bicarbonate, and silica) is observed. Sulfate behaves conservatively. Nearest to the infiltration zone some of the pH-regulating processes are not at equilibrium. These phenomena can all be explained by bacterial degradation of organic matter in the river bank sediments and weathering of minerals along the infiltration path. In some cases (degradation of DOC and dissolution of calcium and magnesium carbonates) a semiquantitative confirmation of the stoichiometry of the reactions is given. Zinc is efficiently filtered after the first 10-15 m of the bank sediment-alluvion system. Some chemical changes occurring in the reduced zones are reversible (depletion of dissolved oxygen, dissolution of Mn). Others are not. RP BOURG, ACM, BUR RECH GEOL & MINIERES,NATL GEOL SURVEY,DEPT GEOCHEM,BP 6009,F-45060 ORLEANS 2,FRANCE. CR BERTIN C, UNPUB BERTIN C, 1991, BRGM R32404 REP BIZE J, 1981, TECH SCI MUNIC, V7, P393 BODELLE J, 1988, GROUNDWATER FRANCE BOURG A, 1992, COURANTS, V14, P32 BOURG ACM, UNPUB BOURG ACM, 1989, GEODERMA, V44, P229 BOURG ACM, 1992, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V13, P695 DARMENDRAIL D, 1988, HYDROGEOLOGIE, V3, P187 DAVIES SHR, 1989, J COLLOID INTERF SCI, V129, P63 FORSTNER U, 1981, METAL POLLUTION AQUA, CHG FULLER CC, 1989, NATURE, V340, P52 GHIORSE WC, 1985, BIOL ANAEROBIC MICRO, P305 HOEHN E, 1983, GAS WASSER ABWASSER, V63, P401 JACOBS LA, 1988, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V52, P2693 LATOUCHE C, 1989, IGBA E1987 U BORD 1 MORGAN JJ, 1967, PRINCIPLES APPL WATE, P561 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P472 STONE AT, 1987, AQUATIC SURFACE CHEM, P221 VONGUNTEN HR, 1986, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V29, P333 VONGUNTEN HR, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P3597 WOLERY TJ, 1983, UCRL53414 LAWR LIV L NR 22 TC 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4 BP 661 EP 666 PG 6 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA KU952 UT ISI:A1993KU95200019 ER PT J AU MCCARTHY, JF WILLIAMS, TM LIANG, LY JARDINE, PM JOLLEY, LW TAYLOR, DL PALUMBO, AV COOPER, LW TI MOBILITY OF NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER IN A SANDY AQUIFER SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT TRACER EXPERIMENTS; INDIGENOUS BACTERIA; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ACID TREATMENT; CARBON; TRANSPORT; ADSORPTION; WATER; FRACTIONATION; CONTAMINANTS AB Field-scale transport of natural organic matter (NOM) was studied in a two-well tracer test by injecting 80 000 L of ''brown water'' (66 mg of C L-1) from a wetlands pond into a shallow, sandy, coastal plain aquifer. The basic features of NOM breakthrough observed in laboratory column studies (extending tailing and rapid decline in concentrations when NOM inputs are terminated) were observed in the field. Retardation of NOM in the field agreed with predictions from laboratory studies. In spite of natural heterogeneities, fractionation of NOM subcomponents occurred in transport. Smaller (<3000 MW) and more hydrophilic (by XAD-8 chromatography) components of NOM were more mobile than were larger (3-100K MW), more hydrophobic components. However, over the 2-week injection, the solid and solution phase reached an apparent steady state with respect to NOM adsorption, resulting in the unretarded transport of even the hydrophobic and macromolecular NOM. The results indicate that NOM can exhibit considerable mobility in an aquifer and suggest that NOM could alter the transport of contaminants in groundwater. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,BARUCH FOREST SCI INST,GEORGETOWN,SC 29442. RP MCCARTHY, JF, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. CR ABDUL AS, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P328 AIKEN GR, 1992, THESIS COLORADO SCH BLAIR N, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V50, P996 CHAPELLE FH, 1988, GEOLOGY, V16, P117 DAVID MB, 1989, J ENVIRON QUAL, V18, P212 DAVIS JA, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P1223 DAVIS JA, 1982, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V46, P2381 DAY PR, 1965, METHODS SOIL ANAL 1, V9, P545 DUNNIVANT FM, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P360 DUNNIVANT FM, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P437 ENFIELD CG, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P1278 HARVEY RW, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P51 HARVEY RW, 1991, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V25, P178 HOBBIE JE, 1977, APPLIED ENV MICROBIO, V33, P1225 JARDINE PM, 1989, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V53, P1378 JARDINE PM, 1989, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V53, P317 JARDINE PM, 1990, J CONTAM HYDROL, V6, P3 JARDINE PM, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P393 KUKKONEN J, 1990, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V19, P551 KUKKONEN J, 1991, ORGANIC SUBSTANCES S, P111 LEENHEER JA, 1979, USGSWRI794 US GEOL S LEENHEER JA, 1981, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V15, P578 LIANG L, IN PRESS GEOCHIM COS LIANG L, 1992, CONCEPTS MANIPULATIO, CH7 MALCOLM RL, 1980, ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS, P71 MARINSKY JA, 1986, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V20, P349 MASPLA J, UNPUB WATER RESOUR R MASPLA J, 1992, GROUND WATER, V30, P958 MCCARTHY JF, INN PRESS ENV PARTIC, V2 MCCARTHY JF, 1989, CHEMOSPHERE, V19, P1911 MCCARTHY JF, 1989, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V23, P496 MEHRA OP, 1960, CLAYS CLAY MINERALS, V7, P317 MURPHY EM, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P1507 NASH KL, 1980, J INORG NUCL CHEM, V42, P1045 PENROSE WR, 1990, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V24, P228 PERDUE EM, 1988, HUMIC SUBSTANCES, V3, CH5 PERDUE EM, 1989, ADV CHEM, V219, CH19 THURMAN EM, 1985, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY TIPPING E, 1981, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V45, P191 TORAN LE, 1990, ORNLTM11468 VANCE GF, IN PRESS SOIL SCI SO VANCE GF, 1989, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V53, P1242 WILLIAMS TM, 1991, C CONTROL HAZARDOUS, P179 NR 43 TC 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4 BP 667 EP 676 PG 10 SC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA KU952 UT ISI:A1993KU95200020 ER PT J AU MIKELS, MS TI CHARACTERIZING THE INFLUENCE OF SURFACE-WATER ON WATER PRODUCED BY COLLECTOR WELLS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Waterborne particulates, turbidity, and temperature were used to characterize the influence of surface water on collector wells constructed in alluvial river valleys. No insects, other macroorganisms, Giardia, or other large-diameter pathogens were found in, water from the collector wells, although Giardia were detected in adjacent rivers. The turbidity of the water produced by the collector wells remained virtually constant throughout the year and did not fluctuate with changes in river turbidity. These results support the conclusion that the influence of surface water on collector wells should not be characterized as "direct." Temperature data, however, show that the collector wells are influenced by the surface water, but these data alone are insufficient for deciding whether this influence is direct. RP MIKELS, MS, RANNEY METHOD WESTERN CORP,607 E COLUMBIA DR,POB 6387,KENNEWICK,WA 99336. CR 1989, FED REG 0629, V54, P124 BELLAMY WD, 1985, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V77, P52 HIBLER CP, 1987, GIARDIA HIBLER CP, 1988, ADV GIARDIA RES HIBLER CP, 1992, COMMUNICATION 0603 VASCONCELOS J, 1989, PARTICULATE ANAL OTH WALTON WC, 1970, GROUNDWATER RESOURCE NR 7 TC 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 84 IS 9 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA JN999 UT ISI:A1992JN99900022 ER PT J AU BOURG, ACM DARMENDRAIL, D TI EFFECT OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER AND PH ON THE MIGRATION OF ZINC THROUGH RIVER BANK SEDIMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZINC; DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER; PH; SEDIMENTS; PERCOLATION AB The migration of zinc through river bank sediments is studied in column experiments. Even when the initial dissolved zinc is low enough to prevent precipitation of zinc minerals in the column, adsorption processes strongly retard the transport of the metal with respect to water. Organic matter, when dissolved, can significantly increase the mobility of Zn. Small pH variations are as important as organic matter in the control of the solubility and transport of zinc. The adsorption of zinc seems to control, at least partially, the solubility of organic matter (most likely as ternary surface complexes of the form solid-Zn-organics). Dissolved organic matter and pH are therefore master variables for the understanding of zinc transport through river bank sediments. C1 BUR RECH GEOL & MINIERES,NORD PAS CALAIS REG AGCY,F-59260 HELEMMES LILLE,FRANCE. RP BOURG, ACM, BUR RECH GEOL & MINIERES,NATL GEOL SURVEY,DEPT GEOCHEM,BP 6009,F-45060 ORLEANS 2,FRANCE. CR BOURG ACM, BRGM62 EDITIONS BURE BOURG ACM, 1989, GEODERMA, V44, P229 DARMENDRAIL D, 1987, P INT S IMPACT PHYSI, P183 DAVIS JA, 1982, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V46, P2381 GROSSENBACHER P, 1979, THESIS U BERN SWITZE ORNSTEIN P, 1986, ORISDAMRISARSAT8606P VANGUNTEN HR, 1986, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V29, P333 NR 7 TC 7 PU SELPER LTD, PUBLICATIONS DIV PI LONDON PA 79 RUSTHALL AVENUE, LONDON, ENGLAND W4 1BN SN 0959-3330 J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 13 IS 7 BP 695 EP 700 PG 6 SC Environmental Sciences GA JL029 UT ISI:A1992JL02900009 ER PT J AU LECHEVALLIER, MW BECKER, WC SCHORR, P LEE, RG TI EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE RAPID FILTERS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILABLE ORGANIC-CARBON; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; DRINKING-WATER; FILTRATION; BIOFILMS; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; SUPPLIES; GROWTH AB This article examines the application of biological treatment strategies to current problems of the water industry. The studies focused on the production of biologically stable water, increased disinfectant stability, and reduced formation of disinfection by-products. Results show that biological processes can meet the practical as well as the regulatory requirements of the industry. C1 AMERICAN WATER WORKS SERV CO,VOORHEES,NJ 08043. NEW JERSEY DEPT ENVIRONM PROTECT,BUR SAFE DRINKING WATER,TRENTON,NJ 08625. RP LECHEVALLIER, MW, AMER WATER WORKS SERV CO INC,BELLEVILLE LAB,1115 S ILLINOIS ST,BELLEVILLE,IL 62220. CR 1981, J AWWA, V73, P447 1985, STANDARD METHODS EXA 1988, AWWARF DENVER 1989, FED REGISTER, V54, P27486 1989, FED REGISTER, V54, P27544 BABLON GP, 1988, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V80, P47 BECKER WC, 1989, EVALUATION POTENTIAL BORDNER R, 1978, EPA600878017 CAMPER AK, 1985, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V50, P1378 CHANG SD, 1991, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V83, P71 CROWE PB, 1987, AWWARF DENVER DELEER EWB, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P512 EARNHARDT KB, 1980, P AWWA WQTC FAUST SD, 1987, ADSORPTION PROCESSES GRAESE SL, 1987, AWWA DENVER HUCK PM, 1987, TREATMENT DRINKING W HUCK PM, 1990, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V82, P78 HUDSON LD, 1983, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V75, P564 KUROSAWA Y, 1987, 6TH P WAT 87 AS PAC LANGLAIS B, 1991, OZONE WATER TREATMEN LECHEVALLIER MW, 1987, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V53, P2714 LECHEVALLIER MW, 1988, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V54, P2492 LECHEVALLIER MW, 1988, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V54, P649 LECHEVALLIER MW, 1990, ASSESSING CONTROLLIN LECHEVALLIER MW, 1990, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V82, P87 LECHEVALLIER MW, 1991, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V57, P857 LECHEVALLIER MW, 1991, GIARDIA CRYPTOSPORID LI AYL, 1983, J WATER POLLUT CON F, V55, P392 LOWTHER ED, 1984, P AWWA WQTC DENVER LUDWIG F, 1985, UNPUB OCCURRENCE COL OLIVIERI VP, 1985, WATER CHLORINATION C PREVOST M, 1990 P AWWA WQTC SAN REILLY JK, 1983, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V75, P309 RITTMANN BE, 1989, CRIT REV ENV CONTR, V19, P119 ROLLINGER Y, 1987, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V53, P777 SCHELLART JA, 1986, WATER SUPPLY, V42, P217 SINGER PC, 1989, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V81, P61 SONTHEIMER H, 1987, TREATMENT DRINKING W SYMONS JM, 1975, J AM WATER, V67, P634 SYMONS JM, 1981, EPA600281156 VANDERKOOIJ D, 1982, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V74, P540 VANDERKOOIJ D, 1985, P AWWA WQTC HOUSTON VANDERKOOIJ D, 1987, 2ND P NAT C DRINK WA VANDERKOOIJ D, 1989, OZONE-SCI ENG, V11, P297 WHITE GC, 1986, HDB CHLORINATION NR 45 TC 52 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AMER WATER WORK ASSN JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 136 EP 146 PG 11 SC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources GA HN470 UT ISI:A1992HN47000009 ER PT J AU AHEL, M TI INFILTRATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS INTO GROUNDWATER - FIELD STUDIES IN THE ALLUVIAL AQUIFER OF THE SAVA RIVER SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WATER; CHEMICALS; LEACHATE; LANDFILL RP AHEL, M, RUDJER BOSKOVIC INST,CTR MARINE RES ZAGREB,POB 1016,YU-41001 ZAGREB,YUGOSLAVIA. CR AHEL M, 1985, ANAL CHEM, V57, P1577 AHEL M, 1985, KEM IND, V34, P295 AHEL M, 1987, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V21, P697 AHEL M, 1987, THESIS U ZAGREB BARKER JF, 1986, J CONTAM HYDROL, V1, P171 EGANHOUSE RP, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P523 GROB K, 1976, J CHROMATOGR, V117, P285 KUHN E, 1987, WATER RES, V21, P1237 MURRAY HE, 1990, ENVIRON POLLUT, V67, P195 REINHARD M, 1984, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V18, P953 SCHAFFNER C, 1984, J CHROMATOGR, V312, P413 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1983, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V17, P472 SCHWARZENBACH RP, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P322 WARD CH, 1985, GROUND WATER QUALITY NR 14 TC 17 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 BULL ENVIRON CONTAM TOXICOL JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 47 IS 4 BP 586 EP 593 PG 8 SC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology GA GG149 UT ISI:A1991GG14900017 ER PT J AU CASTRO, NM HORNBERGER, GM TI SURFACE-SUBSURFACE WATER INTERACTIONS IN AN ALLUVIATED MOUNTAIN STREAM CHANNEL SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SANTA-CLARA COUNTY; COBBLE-BED STREAM; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; UVAS CREEK; MODEL; CALIFORNIA; STRONTIUM; POTASSIUM; SEDIMENTS; CHLORIDE AB Data from an instream tracer experiment performed in North Fork Dry Run, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, illustrate that the transport of water and conservative solute in the stream is greatly influenced by interaction with water present in both the relatively shallow gravel bed and in the relatively deeper alluvial infill material. The shape of concentration-time curves from the field tracer experiment exhibit "storage" of tracer in the subsurface-short-term storage imposed by exchange with the gravel bed and long-term storage by exchange with the deeper alluvial infill. Time series models fit the observed concentration data very well. Estimates of mixing volumes generated by the time series analysis indicate that a large volume of the gravel bed participates in rapid mixing with the surface stream. At one point along the study reach a second-order time series model is supported by the data, suggesting two independent, parallel flow paths. Observations of tracer in wells more than 10 m from the stream and the very extended recession of the tracer in the stream where it flows over a bedrock ledge support the contention that the deeper alluvium plays an important role in transient storage of solute in North Fork Dry Run. 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